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1 Nursing & Health Issues Vol. 22 No. 1, 12-20, December, 2017 ISSN 간호대학상급생의전문직자아개념과전공만족도 : 학업적자기효능감의매개효과 소향숙 1) 양경미 2) 나윤희 3) 안혜지 3) 이지현 3) 이하늘 3) 임채민 3) 홍다정 3) 1) 전남대학교간호대학 간호과학연구소교수, 2) 전남대학교간호과학연구소전임연구원, 3) 전남대학교간호대학생 Professional Self-concept and Major Satisfaction among Senior Students of A Nursing College: The Mediating Effect of Academic Self-efficacy So, Hyang Sook 1) Yang, Kyung Mi 2) Na, Yun Hee 3) An, Hye Ji 3) Lee, Ji Hyun 3) Lee, Ha Neul 3) Lim, Chae Min 3) Hong, Da Jeong 3) 1) Professor, College of Nursing Chonnam Research Institute of Nursing Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 2) Full-time Researcher, Chonnam Research Institute of Nursing Science, Gwangju 3) College Student, College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between professional self-concept and major satisfaction among senior nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed. Data were collected from 121 nursing students from October 19 to 23, Self-report type questionnaires were used to assess professional self-concept, major satisfaction, and academic self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson s correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. The mediation was tested using Baron and Kenny s procedure. Results: The mean scores of professional self-concept, academic self-efficacy, and major satisfaction were 2.91, 3.82, and 3.69, respectively. There were significant correlations among professional self-concept, academic self-efficacy, and major satisfaction. Professional self-concept positively influenced academic self-efficacy (β=.65, p<.001). Professional self-concept positively influenced major satisfaction (β=.64, p<.001). Professional self-concept and academic self-efficacy positively influenced major satisfaction, however academic self-efficacy had no mediating effect (β=.13, p=.158) in the relationship between professional self-concept and major satisfaction (Sobel test: Z=1.404, p=.160). Conclusion: The study findings showed a causal relationship between professional self-concept and academic self-efficacy but only professional self-concept was the predictor affecting major satisfaction. Further studies should be conducted from junior and senior nursing students. Key Words: Professional self-concept, Academic self-efficacy, Major satisfaction 서론 1. 연구의필요성 간호현장은복잡하고전문적인업무를수행해야하는상황 으로간호사의통합적인전문성과새로운역할정립이필요하다 [1]. 간호현장에서대상자들의건강을회복, 유지및증진시키는효율적인간호수행을위해서는무엇보다도간호학생시기에간호전문직에대한확고한태도정립이필요하며전문직간호사의역할과수행에대해자기확신감이갖추어진상태로 주요어 : 전문직자아개념, 학업적자기효능감, 전공만족도 Corresponding author: Yang, Kyung Mi Chonnam Research Institute of Nursing Science, 160 Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea. Tel: , Fax: , yangkemi@hanmail.net Received: Nov 10, 2017 / Revised: Dec 22, 2017 / Accepted: Dec 26, 2017 c 2017 Chonnam National University Research Institute of Nursing Science crins530.jnuac.kr
2 전문직자아개념, 학업적자기효능감과전공만족도 임상현장에내보내는것이중요하다 [2]. 전문직간호사로서자기자신의업무에대한느낌과견해를간호사의전문직자아개념이라고한다 [3]. 전문직자아개념이높은간호사는자신에대한자아개념, 자존감, 및자신감이바람직하게형성되어간호전문직발전에기여하게되는반면, 전문직자아개념이낮은간호사는생산성을저하시켜간호직에대한만족감과업무수행및질적간호에영향을주게되므로 [3], 예비간호사로서지식과소양을갖추는시기인간호학생에게전문직자아개념은매우의미가있다고생각된다. 전문직자아개념은공식적인학교교육기간과계속적인직업생활을통해발달하게된다 [4]. 그러나간호학생들은과중한교과과정이수와임상실습, 환자에대한책임감, 엄격한행동규범등으로많은스트레스를경험하게되어올바른자아개념형성이어려워질수있기때문에이시기에전문직자아개념을올바로형성시켜긍정적인직업관을형성하는일은매우중요하다 [2,5]. 전공만족도는개인이설정한진로나직업에대한기준과비교하여현재자신의전공을평가하는판단과정의산물로서 [6], 자신이속한학과가자신의생애의이상이나미래의진로또는직업에대한기준과일치한다면전공만족도가높을것이다. 그러므로전공만족도는개인의기대와진로나직업준거에영향을미치는사회적인식에대한개인의지각이영향을미치게된다 [6]. 간호학생들이전공에만족하지못한다면향후간호사의직무를효율적으로수행하는데필요한신념과태도형성에장애를가져옴으로써자신의직업에대한혼란과부정적인시각으로이어져결국긍정적인전문직관이나자아개념형성을방해한다고하였으므로 [7] 간호학생들의졸업후진로를정하는데영향을미치는되는전공만족도와관련된변수들을살펴보는것은의의가있다. 한편, 간호학생들은전문직간호사로서인간과사회, 간호사의역할에대해포괄적으로이해하고성찰하여교양인과전문인으로서의간호사의역량을갖추기위하여전공교과목외에자연과학과인문사회과학교과목에이르기까지균형있게편성된교육과정을이수해야한다 [8]. 따라서간호학생들이전문직간호사로서의역량을갖추기위해서는교양인으로서뿐만아니라전문인으로서성공적인학업의성취가우선되어야한다. 실제학업성취도의차이가업무수행능력에영향을미치는것으로나타났다 [9]. 주어진과업의목표달성에필요한행동과정들을조직하고실행하는능력에대한개인의신념인자기효능감 [10] 은학습자가새로운상황에서새로운지식과기술을학습하고수행할 수있는원동력이된다 [11]. 일반적자기효능감이다양한상황에서개인의수행및성취수준을잘예측한다면, 학업적자기효능감은학습자의지식과수행을매개하는중요한변수로학습자가학업적과제의수행을위해필요한행위를조직하고실행해나가는자신의능력에대해내리는판단으로 [10] 개인의학업상황전반에걸친수행을예측하고교육적상황에서학생들의학문적수행및성취수준을보다잘예측하기위한개념이라고하였다 [12]. 그러므로교육현장에서는학업적자기효능감을살펴보는것이더의미가있다고하겠다. 선행연구에서전문직자아개념은전공만족도나임상실습만족도에영향을미치는주요한요인이며 [2,13-15] 전문직자아개념과학업적자기효능감의상관성을본연구는이루어지지않았으나자기효능감이전문직자아개념의영향요인이며 [16] 자기효능감이전문직자아개념을조절하여전공만족도를높일수있다는연구결과도확인할수있었다 [13]. 그리고자기효능감또는학업적자기효능감은전공만족도및학업성취도에긍정적영향을미치고 [17-19], 전문직자아개념에도영향을미치는것으로나타났다 [14,20]. 이상의고찰에서간호학생의전문직자아개념, 학업적자기효능감, 전공만족도는상관관계가높은중요한관련요인임을알수있었으나, 선행연구들은부분적또는일부변수만을다루거나그들간의관련성만을보고하였고, 간호대학생의전문직자아개념과자기효능감과의상호작용이전공만족도에영향을미치는자기효능감의조절효과는확인이되었으나학업적자기효능감의매개효과를검증한연구는아직수행되지않았다. 그리고대부분이간호사를대상으로전문직자아개념, 자기효능감과직무만족도에대한연구가수행되었으며, 간호학생을대상으로한연구는미미한수준이며, 간호대학상급생을대상으로한연구는이루어지지않았다. 이에본연구에서는간호학과특성상전문직자아개념과전공만족도를알아보기위해임상실습경험이있는간호대학상급생을대상으로전문직자아개념이전공만족도와학업성취도에미치는영향에있어학업적자기효능감의매개효과를규명함으로써간호학생의전공만족도와학업성취도를높이는교육프로그램개발을위한기초자료를제시하고자하였다. 2. 연구목적본연구는간호대학상급생의전문직자아개념과전공만족도와의관계에서학업적자기효능감의매개효과를확인하기위함이며구체적인목적은다음과같다. Vol. 22 No. 1,
3 소향숙 양경미 나윤희등 대상자의전문직자아개념, 학업적자기효능감, 전공만족도정도를파악한다. 대상자의일반적특성에따른전문직자아개념, 학업적자기효능감, 전공만족도의차이를파악한다. 대상자의전문직자아개념, 학업적자기효능감, 전공만족도의상관관계를파악한다. 대상자의전문직자아개념과전공만족도와의관계에서학업적자기효능감의매개효과를파악한다. 연구방법 1. 연구설계.79였다. 2) 학업적자기효능감학업적자기효능감은학습자가학업적과제의수행을위해필요한행위를조직하고실행해나가는자신의능력에대해내리는판단으로 [10], Kim과 Park [12] 이학업적자기효능감을측정하기위하여개발한도구를사용하였다. 이도구는과제난이도선호, 자기조절효능감, 자신감 3개하위영역으로구성되었으며, 총 28문항, Likert 6점척도로, 점수가높을수록학업적자기효능감이높은것을의미한다. Kim과 Park의연구에서 Cronbach s 는.74~.84였으며, 본연구에서 Cronbach s 는.78이었다. 본연구는간호대학상급생의전문직자아개념과전공만족도간의관계에서학업적자기효능감의매개효과를규명하기위한서술적조사연구이다. 2. 연구대상본연구는 G시에소재하는 1개의간호대학에재학중인 3~4 학년으로연구참여에동의한학생을대상으로하였다. 표본수는 G*Power 프로그램을이용하여산출하였으며, 유의수준.05, 효과크기.15, 검정력.95, 회귀분석을위한예측변수 2개조건에서표본수는 89명으로산정되었다. 본연구의표본크기는응답자가운데불성실한응답의가능성을고려하여총 130명을목표로하였다. 3) 전공만족도전공만족이란개인이설정한진로나직업에대한기준과비교하여현재자신이소속한학과를평가하는판단과정의산물이다 [6]. 본연구에서는 Illinois 대학에서개발된학과평가조사지 (program evaluation survey) 를토대로 Ha [6] 가수정 보완한학과 ( 학부 ) 만족도구 34개문항중 Lee [22] 가전공만족관련 18문항을추출한도구를사용하였다. 전공학문에대한 일반만족 6문항, 전공에대한사회적인식에대한 인식만족 6문항, 교과에대한 교과만족 3문항, 교수학생간의 관계만족 3문항으로구성되었다. 각문항은 Likert 5점척도로점수가높을수록전공만족도가높음을의미한다. Lee의연구에서 Cronbach s 는.90이었으며, 본연구에서 Cronbach s 는.91이었다. 3. 연구도구 4. 자료수집및윤리적고려 1) 전문직자아개념전문직자아개념은전문직직업인으로서자신에대한정신적지각으로, 특히전문직업인으로서자신의업무에대한느낌과견해를말한다 [4]. 본연구에서전문직자아개념측정도구는 Arthur가개발한간호전문직자아개념도구 (Professonal Self-Concept of Nurses Instrument, PSCNI) 를 Sohng과 Noh [21] 가번역한것을사용하였다. 본연구에서는간호학생의상황을고려하여 3문항 (14, 20, 26) 의어휘와문장을수정하였고, 10문항에서어휘수정을하여쉽게다가오도록하였다. 본도구는총 27문항으로 Likert형 4점척도로점수가높을수록간호전문직자아개념이높음을의미한다. Sohng과 Noh의연구에서 Cronbach s 는.85였으며, 본연구에서의 Cronbach s 는 자료수집은대상자들의인권을보호하기위해연구시작전연구자소속기관의기관윤리심의위원회 (Institutional Review Board, IRB) 의승인 (IRB No HR ) 을받고, 해당학교학과장의구두허락을받은후 2017년 10월 19 일부터 10월 23일까지진행하였다. 자료수집방법은훈련된연구보조원 6명이연구자로부터사전설명을충분히듣고, 연구보조원이연구대상자에게연구의목적및대상자선정방법, 자료수집방법, 언제든지본인의의사에따라연구참여를철회할수있음등을설명하여모든대상자로부터서면동의를받은후, 자가보고형식으로구성된설문지를이용하여자료를수집하였다. 130부의설문지를배부한후최종수집된자료는 127부였으나이중성실하게응답한 121부를분석에활용하였다. 14 Nursing & Health Issues
4 전문직자아개념, 학업적자기효능감과전공만족도 5. 자료분석수집된자료는 SPSS/WIN 21.0 프로그램으로분석하였으며, 구체적인방법은다음과같다. 대상자의일반적특성, 전문직자아개념, 학업적자기효능감, 전공만족도의정도는기술통계로분석하였다. 대상자의일반적특성에따른전문직자아개념, 학업적자기효능감및전공만족도의차이는 t-test, ANOVA로분석하였고, 사후검증은 Scheffe test를실시하였다. 대상자의전문직자아개념, 학업적자기효능감및전공만족도의상관관계는 Pearson s correlation coefficient로분석하였다. 대상자의학업적자기효능감의매개효과를확인하기위해 Baron과 Kenny[23] 가제시한방법에따라다중회귀분석을실시하였고매개효과의유의성은 Sobel test로확인하였다. 연구결과 1. 대상자의일반적특성본연구에포함된대상자는총 121명으로남학생 12명 (9.9%), 여학생 109명 (90.1%) 이었고, 평균연령 22±0.92로나타났다. 학년은 3학년 75명 (62.0%), 그리고 4학년 46명 (38.0%) 이었으며종교는무종교 70명 (57.9%), 기독교 35명 (28.9%), 가톨릭교 12명 (9.9%), 불교 4명 (3.3%) 순이었다. 부모의양육방식은민주형 82명 (67.8%), 방임형 27명 (22.3%), 권위형 12명 (9.9%) 순으로나타났다. 간호학과선택동기는 취업률이높아서 27.3% 와 주위권유 가 24.8% 전체의 50.0% 이상을차지했으며, 자신이생각하는교우관계는 만족한다 가 48.7% 였다. 학업성적은평점평균 3.5~4.0 미만 48명 (39.7%), 3.0~3.5 미만 42명 (34.7%), 4.0 이상 22명 (18.2%) 그리고 3.00 미만이 8명 (6.6%) 이었다.(Table 1). 2. 대상자의일반적특성에따른전문직자아개념, 학업적자기효능감및전공만족도의차이전문직자아개념에서는간호학과선택동기 (F=4.18, p=.003), 교우관계 (F=4.82, p=.003) 에서유의한차이가있는것으로나타났다. 사후검정결과간호학과선택동기에서 적성에맞아서 가 취업률이높아서 보다전문직자아개념이높은것으로 나타났고, 교우관계에서는 매우만족한다 가 보통이다 보다전문직자아개념이높은것으로나타났다. 학업적자기효능감에서는연령 (t=2.51, p=.014), 학년 (t=4.40, p=.038), 교우관계 (F=4.15, p=.008) 에서유의한차이가있는것으로나타났다. 23세이상이 23세미만보다, 그리고 4학년이 3학년보다학업적자기효능감이높게나타났으며, 교우관계에서 매우만족한다 가 보통이다 보다학업적자기효능감이높은것으로나타났다. 전공만족도에서는연령 (t=-2.25, p=.026), 학년 (t=7.37, p=.008), 교우관계 (F=6.36, p<.001) 에서유의한차이가있는것으로나타났다. 23세이상이 23세미만보다, 그리고 4학년이 3학년보다전공만족도가높게나타났으며, 교우관계에서는만족도가높을수록전공만족도도높게나타났다 (Table 1). 3. 대상자의전문직자아개념, 학업적자기효능감및전공만족도연구변수들의평균평점을살펴보면, 전문직자아개념은 2.91±0.36점이며, 학업적자기효능감은 3.82±0.45점이며그리고전공만족도는 3.69±.57점이었다 (Table 2). 4. 대상자의전문직자아개념, 학업적자기효능감및전공만족도간의관계전문직자아개념은학업적자기효능감 (r=.65, p<.001), 전공만족도 (r=.64, p<.001) 와유의한양의상관관계가있으며, 학업적자기효능감은전공만족도 (r=.49, p<.001) 와유의한양의상관관계가있는것으로나타났다 (Table 3). 5. 대상자의전문직자아개념과전공만족도와의관계에서학업적자기효능감의매개효과본연구에서간호대학상급생의전문직자아개념과전공만족도와의관계에서학업적자기효능감의매개효과를검정하였다. 매개효과를검정하기전에종속변수와자기상관과독립변수간의다중공선성을검토하였다. 자기상관은 Durbin-waston지수는 1.724로나타나자기상관이없이독립적으로나타났다. 독립변수간의다중공선성은분산팽창지수 (VIF) 지수를이용하였고, 독립변수간 VIF지수는 1.034~1.129로 10 미만이므로다중공선성은없는것으로나타나본데이터는회귀분석을실시하기에적합하였다. 본연구에서전문직자아개념과전공만족도와의관계에 Vol. 22 No. 1,
5 소향숙 양경미 나윤희등 Table 1. Professional Self-concept, Academic Self-efficacy and Major Satisfaction according to General Characteristics of Participants (N=121) Variables Categories n(%) Gender Male Female 12 (9.9) 109 (90.1) Professional self-concept Academic self-efficacy Major satisfaction M±SD t or F (p) M±SD t or F (p) M±SD t or F (p) 2.97± ± (.558) 3.87± ± (.056) 3.62± ± (.623) Age (year) <23 23 M±SD 52 (43.7) 67 (56.3) 22± ± ± (.152) 3.71± ± (.014) 3.56± ± (.026) Grade Junior Senior 75 (62.0) 46 (38.0) 2.88± ± (.185) 3.78± ± (.038) 3.58± ± (.008) Religion Protestantism Catholicism Buddhism No religion 35 (28.9) 12 (9.9) 4 (3.3) 70 (57.9) 2.89± ± ± ± (.905) 3.84± ± ± ± (.941) 3.69± ± ± ± (.436) Parenting style Authoritarian type Democracy type Liberalism type 12 (9.9) 82 (67.8) 27 (22.3) 2.89± ± ± (.972) 3.96± ± ± (.761) 3.58± ± ± (.303) Admission motivation Corresponding to the entrance score a Suitable to aptitude b High employment rate c Recommendation d Others e 25 (20.7) 22 (18.2) 33 (27.3) 30 (24.8) 11 (9.1) 2.84± ± ± ± ± (.003) c<b 3.78± ± ± ± ± (.541) 3.58± ± ± ± ± (.062) Relationship with friends Dissatisfied Moderate Satisfied Very satisfied 3 (2.5) 26 (21.5) 59 (48.7) 33 (27.3) 2.96± ± ± ± (.003) 4.15± ± ± ± (.008) 3.59± ± ± ± (<.001) Academic achievement < ~< ~< (6.6) 42 (34.7) 48 (39.7) 22 (18.2) 2.88± ± ± ± (.237) 3.79± ± ± ± (.426) 3.74± ± ± ± (.987) Table 2. Descriptive Statistics of Research Variables (N=121) Variables Professional self-concept (total) Professional practice Communication Satisfaction Range Scale Item Possible Actual M±SD M±SD 27~108 16~64 4~16 7~28 53~104 32~64 7~16 7~ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.58 Academic self-efficacy (total) Task difficulty preference Self-regulatory efficacy Self-confidence 28~168 10~60 10~60 8~48 75~158 26~60 21~60 8~ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±1.04 Major satisfaction (total) General satisfaction Social perception satisfaction Curriculum satisfaction Relationship satisfaction 18~90 6~30 6~30 3~15 3~15 41~90 11~30 14~30 3~15 3~ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Nursing & Health Issues
6 전문직자아개념, 학업적자기효능감과전공만족도 서학업적자기효능감의매개효과를검정하기위해 Baron과 Kenny [23] 의 3단계검증절차결과는 Table 4와같다. 1단계의회귀분석결과, 독립변인전문직자아개념이매개변인학업적자기효능감에통계적으로유의한영향을주었고 (β=.65, p<.001), 학업적자기효능감의설명력은 42.3% 로나타났다. 2단계회귀분석에서는독립변인전문직자아개념이종속변인전공만족도에직접적인유의한영향을미쳤고 (β=.64, p<.001), 전공만족도의설명력은 40.3% 로나타났다. 3단계에서매개변인학업적자기효능감이종속변인전공만족도에미치는영향을검정하기위해전문직자아개념과학업적자기효능감을예측요인으로하고전공만족도를종속변인으로회귀분석을실시한결과, 전문직자아개념 (β=.55, p<.001) 은전공만족도에유의한예측변인으로나타났으나학업적자기효능감 (β=.13, p=.158) 은유의하지않았다. 3단계에서학업적자기효능감이 전공만족도에유의한영향을주지않아매개효과는성립되지않았다 (Z=1.404, p=.160)(figure 1). 논의 본연구는간호대학상급생의전문직자아개념과전공만족도와의관계에서학업적자기효능감의매개효과를규명하기위한연구이다. 연구분석결과, 첫째, 전문직자아개념정도는 4점만점에 2.91점으로 3년제의 2,3학년과 4년제 3,4학년을대상으로한 Kang [2] 의 2.70점보다는더높았으나 4년제전체학년을대상으로한 Kim [13] 의 3.04점보다는낮았다. 하위영역별로는 의사소통 3.07점, 전문적실무 2.94점, 만족감 2.77 점순으로나타나임상실습을경험한상급생을대상으로한 Kang [2] 의연구결과와는유사하지만, 4년제전체학생을대상 Table 3. Relationships between Professional Self-concept, Academic Self-efficacy, and Major Satisfaction (N=121) Variables Professional self-concept Academic self-efficacy Major satisfaction r(p) r(p) r(p) Professional self-concept 1 Academic self-efficacy.65 (<.001) 1 Major satisfaction.64 (<.001).49 (<.001) 1 Table 4. Mediating Effect of Academic Self-efficacy in the Relationships between Professional Self-concept and Major Satisfaction (N=121) Variables B β t p Adj. R 2 F p Step 1. Professional self-concept Academic self-efficacy < <.001 Step 2. Professional self-concept Major satisfaction < <.001 Step 3. Professional self-concept, academic self-efficacy Major satisfaction <.001 Professional self-concept Major satisfaction <.001 Academic self-efficacy Major satisfaction Sobel test: Z=1.404, p=.160 Academic self-efficacy β=.65 (p<.001) β=.13 (p=.158) Professional self-concept β=.64 (p<.001) Major satisfaction Figure 1. Mediating effect of academic self-efficacy in the relationships between professional self-concept and major satisfaction. Vol. 22 No. 1,
7 소향숙 양경미 나윤희등 으로한 Kim [13] 의연구에서 의사소통 3.16점, 만족감 3.12 점, 전문적실무 2.89점의결과와비교하면다소상이하였다. 이러한결과는상급생을대상으로한연구에서는임상실습경험을통한자신감으로하위영역중 전문적실무 에대한전문적자아개념이다소높은것으로생각된다. 또한본연구에서는상급생이대상으로간호이론을실무에적용하는임상실습의어려움이나만족도가전문직자아개념에약간은부정적인영향을미쳤을것으로생각되며, Kim [13] 의대상자는전체학생으로간호학과 1,2학년의경우아직간호현장을접하지못한상태에서이론에입각하여간호전문직에대한자아개념정립해가는과정이므로크게영향을미치지않았을것으로사료된다. 이에학제나대상자를확대한비교반복연구가요구된다. 둘째, 학업적자기효능감정도는 6점만점에 3.82점으로전문대간호학생을대상으로한 Kim과 Park [19] 의 3.21점에비해더높았다. 하위영역별로는 자기조절효능감 4.20점, 과제난이도 3.71점, 자신감 3.50점순으로나타났는데이는 Kim 과 Park [19] 의연구에서 자기조절효능감 3.45점, 자신감 3.30점, 과제난이도 2.90점의결과와비교했을때 자기조절효능감 이가장높은점수를보인것은본연구와유사하지만, 자신감 이낮게나타난것은상이하였다. 학업적자기효능감에서 자기조절효능감 이가지는의미는자기관찰, 자기판단, 자기반응과같은자기조절적기재를잘수행할수있는가에대한효능기대로 [10], 본연구에서 자기조절효능감 이높게나타난것은학습자가스스로를통제하고다룰수있는능력을가지고학업적과제를잘수행하기위해필요한행위를실행하는것으로생각되지만, 학업적상황에서자신의전반적인학문적수행능력에대한학습자의확신또는신념으로정의할수있으며자신의능력에대한인지적판단과정서적반응으로표출되는 [10] 자신감정도는낮음을보여주어학습성과중심의다양한학습법이나교과외활동, 그리고교수와학생간의심층지도를통해자신감을좀더높여줌으로써전반적인학업적자기효능감을향상시킬수있을것으로생각된다. 셋째, 전공만족도는 5점만점에 3.69점으로하위영역별로는 사회적인식만족 4.04점, 일반반족 3.84점, 관계만족 3.24점, 교과만족 3.15점으로나타났다. 이러한결과는 Kim 과 Lee [17] 의 3.64, Moon과 Lee [24] 의 3.61점에비해전공만족도는조금더높았지만, Kim [13] 의 3.91점, Lee [22] 의 3.73 점, Jeong과 Shin [25] 의연구 3.79점에비해전공만족도는낮았다. 하위영역별로 사회적인식만족 이가장높았던것은선행연구 [13,17,22,24,25] 와일치하였지만, 관계만족 이가장낮았던결과 [13,17,24,25] 와는다소상이하였고, Lee [22] 의연구 에서는인식만족 3.99, 일반만족 3.84, 관계만족 3.54, 교과만족 3.12 순으로, 본연구와유사한결과로나타났다. 선행연구에서도전공에대한사회적인식만족이가장높게나타나본연구결과를지지하였다. 이것은최근에들어더욱보건계열이사회적으로주목을받고있는것을인식함으로써자신의전공즉간호사에대한사회적인식에대해서는만족하고있지만, 본연구에서는교과만족정도가가장낮음을보여주어전문성을가진교수들이학생중심의다양한교수-학습방법개발및적용해봄으로써간호학생의교과만족을높일수있을것으로생각된다. 그리고간호학과상급생의전문직자아개념, 학업적자기효능감및전공만족도와의상관성을분석한결과, 전문직자아개념은학업적자기효능감, 전공만족도와양의상관관계를나타내었다. 전문직자아개념과학업적자기효능감의상관성을본연구가없어직접비교는어려우나, 전문직자아개념과자기효능감의관계를살펴본선행연구 [13,16,20] 에서두변수간상관관계가있는것으로나타나본연구결과와유사하였다. 또한본연구에서학업적자기효능감이전공만족도와양의상관관계가있는것으로나타나 Kim과 Park [19] 의연구와그리고자기효능감과전공만족도와의상관관계를본연구 [13,17] 와도유사하였다. 이는전문직자아개념과학업적자기효능감의향상이전공만족도를높이는중요한개념으로해석할수있다. 마지막으로본연구에서가장의미하게살펴본전문직자아개념과전공만족도와의관계에서학업적자기효능감의매개효과를검증한결과, 전공만족도에대한학업적자기효능감의매개효과가검증되지않았다. 회귀분석결과, 전문직자아개념이학업적자기효능감과전공만족도에유의한영향을주었지만, 학업적자기효능감이전공만족도에유의한영향을주지않아매개효과는성립되지않은것으로나타나자기효능감이전문직자아개념을조절하여전공만족을높여줄수있다고보고한 Kim [13] 의연구결과와는다르게나타났다. 학업적자기효능감의매개효과를검증한논문이없이비교논의가어렵지만 Kim [13] 의연구에서간호대학생의전문직자아개념과자기효능감과의상호작용이전공만족도에영향을미치는자기효능감의조절효과는확인하였다. 그러나학업적자기효능감이전문직자아개념에영향을주어전공만족도를높이는매개요인으로는검증되지않았다. 즉, 간호대학상급생이전문직간호사로서자신의업무에대한신념과태도인전문직자아개념이긍정적일수록전공에대한만족도를높일수있으며, 학업적과제수행을위해필요한자신의능력에대한믿음인학업적자기효능감이높을수록전공에대한만족도를높일수있을것으로생각된다. 학업적자기효능감이전문직자아개념에영향 18 Nursing & Health Issues
8 전문직자아개념, 학업적자기효능감과전공만족도 을주어전공만족도를높여줄수있다는매개효과는통계적으로는유의하지않아추후다양한지역에서대상자를확대한반복연구를제언한다. 본연구의제한점은 1개시의 1개간호대학상급생을편의표집하였으므로연구결과를일반화하는데신중을기해야할필요가있다. 결론및제언 본연구는간호대학상급생을대상으로전문직자아개념이전공만족도에미치는영향에있어학업적자기효능감의매개효과를파악함으로써간호학과학생들의전문직자아개념과학업적자기효능감간의관계를규명하여간호학생들의전공만족도를높이는교육프로그램개발의기초자료를제공하고자하였다. 본연구결과에서간호대학상급생의전문직자아개념과학업적자기효능감그리고전공만족도간에는순상관관계를보였으나학업적자기효능감의매개변인효과는없는것으로나타났다. 그리하여본연구결과를토대로하여저자들은학업적자기효능감과전공만족도간의관계에서전문적자아개념의매개효과를추가분석할것을권장하며, 4년제두학부체제의상급생을대상으로하여여러지역으로확대하여반복연구를시행하도록제언한다. REFERENCES 1. Ha NS, Choi MS. The relationship between leadership styles and self-esteem, satisfaction of clinical practice in nursing students. Journal of Korean Nursing Administration Academic Society. 2005;11(1): Kang HO. A study on the clinical performance ability, selfconcept of professional nursing and satisfaction with clinical practice of nursing students. [master's thesis]. Daegu: Keimyung University; Arthur D. Measurement of the professional self-concept of nurses: developing a measurement instrument. Nurse Education Today. 1995;15(5): Kettinger GJW, Davit JS. Self-image and job satisfaction in varied settings. Nursing Management. 1988;19(12): Randle J, Arthur D. The professional self-concept of nurses: a review of the literature from Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2007;24(3): Ha HS. A study of department satisfaction and school satisfaction of undergraduate students. [master's thesis]. Seoul: Seoul National University; Barron D, West E, Reeves R. Tied to the job: affective and relational components of nurse retention. Journal of Health Service Research & Policy. 2007;12(Suppl 1): Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing Education first half nursing education certification evaluation university manual notice [internet]. Seoul: Author; Available from: b01&page=&doc_num= Yoo JH, Cho HS, Lee SH. Effects of clinical basic nursing practice of the nursing students on clinical competency. Journal of Korean Nursing Administration Academic Society. 2002;8(1): Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; Park KH. The Influence of learned helplessness and failure tolerance on the academic achievement and job performance. Knowledge Management Society of Korea. 2008;9(1): Kim AY, Park IY. Construction and validation of academic self-efficacy scale. Journal of Educational Research. 2001;39(1): Kim MS. Moderating effects of self-esteem and self-efficacy in the relationship between professional self-concept and satisfaction in their major among nursing students. Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education. 2011;17(2): Sung MH. Factors influencing the professional self-concept among nursing students. Journal of East-West Nursing Research. 2012;18(1): Kwon YM, Yeun EJ. A correlation study on nursing professional values, department satisfaction, sociality, self-esteem among nursing students. Journal of Korean Nursing Administration Academic Society. 2007;13(3): Jeon MK. Factors influencing professional self-concept among nursing students. Korean Journal of Health Service Management. 2013;7(4): Kim DJ, Lee JS. Influence of ego-resilience and self-efficacy on satisfaction in major of nursing student. Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education. 2014;20(2): Chung SK. Effects of nursing students academic failure tolerance and academic self-efficacy on academic achievement. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society. 2014;15(12): Kim SH, Park SY. Factors influencing on learning flow of nursing students. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society. 2014;15(3): Kim NH, Kim KW. Self-efficacy, self-concept of professional Vol. 22 No. 1,
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