ORIGINAL ARTICLE https://doi.org/0.4094/chnr.207.23.4.449 ISSN(Print) 2287-90 ISSN(Online) 2287-929 정인경, 김영혜 2, 손현미 2 부산과학기술대학교간호학과, 2 부산대학교간호대학 Factors Related to Parenting Satisfaction among Mothers of Preschoolers Inkyung Jung, Young-Hae Kim 2, Hyun-Mi Son 2 Department of Nursing, Busan Institute of Science and Technology, Busan; 2 College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to level of satisfaction among mothers of preschoolers. Methods: Participants were 359 mothers of firstborn healthy preschoolers. The questionnaires were collected from August to vember 2, 202. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: The mean score for degree of mothers parenting satisfaction was 5.94 out of 7. There were significant differences in the level of parenting satisfaction according to mother s job (t=2.48, p=.04), planned pregnancy (t=3.07, p=.002), number of children (t=2.22, p=.027), and parenting education (F=4.33, p=.005). The environmental variables of age of spouse (F=3.06, p=.048) and monthly income of the household (F=2.87, p=.036) also seemed to have an influence. Analysis of predictors such as the mother s job, planned pregnancy, parenting education, overall health problems, parenting stress, perception of emotional status and behaviors in children, age of spouse, and spouse s support explained 3.5% of the variance in mother s parenting satisfaction. Conclusion: The results suggest a need to develop nursing intervention programs for parenting stress reduction, and health programs for fathers to support mothers child rearing. Key words: Parenting, Satisfaction, Stress, Trust, Environment Corresponding author Hyun-Mi Son College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-ep, Yangsan-si, Kyungsangnam-do 4624, Korea TEL +82-5-50-835 FAX +82-5-50-8308 E-MAIL hmson@pusan.ac.kr *. * This manuscript is a revision based on a part of the first author s doctoral dissertation. Key words,,,, Received 2 July 207 Received in revised form 24 September 207 Accepted 25 September 207 서 론 연구의필요성 [].,, [], This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution n- Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. [2]. [3] [4]. [5]. []. [5]. 3~6 []. Copyright 207 Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing 449
[6,7]. [5].. Barnard [8].,., [9], [8]. [7,0] [,2]. [5] [2], [3], [4]. [6,7], [4,4]. Barnard,,. 연구목적,.,.,.,. 연구방법 연구설계및연구대상. 359. 연구도구,,,. 부모역할만족도 Halverson Duke[5] Parent Satisfaction Scale (PSS). 8 7 Likert 7,. Kim[6]. Kim[6] Cronbach s α.94,.94. 어머니특성전반적건강문제 Goldberg[7] General Health Questionnaire-2(GHQ-2) Park[8]. 2 4 Likert. GHQ-2 GL-Assessment Park[8]. Park[8] Kuder-Richardson Formula 20(KR-20).84, KR-20.77. 양육신념 Ahn[9].. 2 4 Likert 4.,. 9 4 Likert 4. 450 www.e-chnr.org
https://doi.org/0.4094/chnr.207.23.4.449.. Cronbach s α.82.7,.79.68. 양육스트레스 Crnic Greenberg[20] Parenting Daily Hassles. 8 5 Likert 5,. Greenberg. Cronbach s α.90,.88. 아동특성어머니가지각한아동의정서 행동 Rutter Children s Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ) [2,22]. 25 5 Likert 5,. Hwang[23]. Hwang[23] Cronbach s α.80 Cronbach s α.88. 자료수집방법및윤리적고려 (05-202-064). 202 8 2. B, S D, J, S, Y G, G, M 4,,.,... 20~25. 398,,, 359. 양육환경특성남편지지 Abidin[24] Parenting Alliance Inventory (PAI) Teamwork Shin[25]. 3 5 Likert 5,. Psychological Assessment Resources (PAR) Shin[25]. Shin [25] Cronbach s α.85,.9. 사회적지지 Park[26]. 2 5 Likert 5.. Park[26] Cronbach s α.95.94. 자료분석방법 SPSS 20.0.,,,,,,. t-test ANOVA, Turkey.,,,,,, Pearson s correlation coefficients.. 연구결과 대상자의일반적특성, Table. 34.3 ± 3.90, www.e-chnr.org 정인경, 김영혜, 손현미 45
37.9%, 48.7%. 67.4%.8 ± 0.6, 47.%. 4.7 ±.0, Table. General Characteristics of Mothers, Children, and Parenting Environment (N=359) Variables Characteristics Categories n (%) M ± SD Mother Age (year) <35 35~39 40 55 (5.3) 73 (48.2) 3 (36.5) 34.3±3.9 Education level High school College University 22 (34.0) 0 (28.) 36 (37.9) Job 75 (48.7) 84 (5.3) Religion 9 (53.2) 68 (46.8) Marital duration (year) 6 7 8 55 (43.2) 93 (25.9) (30.9) 7.0±.9 Married couples Live together Commuter couple 334 (93.0) 25 ( 7.0) Planned pregnancy 242 (67.4) 7 (32.6) Number of children 2 Had parenting education 0 2 3 Children Age (year) 3 4 5 6 5 (32.0) 244 (68.0) 69 (47.) 69 (9.2) 67 (8.7) 54 (5.0) 5 (4.2) 08 (30.) 3 (3.5) 87 (24.2).8±0.6 4.7±.0 Gender Male Female 78 (49.6) 8 (50.4) Temperament Easy Difficult 279 (77.7) 80 (22.3) Parenting environment Age of spouse (year) 35 36~40 4 58 (44.0) 42 (39.6) 59 (6.4) 36.5±4.2 Spouse s education level High school College University 2 (3.2) 80 (22.3) 67 (46.5) Dwelling place Big city Small city Town 9 (33.) 25 (34.8) 5 (32.) Family monthly income (0,000 won) <200 200~300 300~400 400 35 (9.7) 3 (3.5) 04 (29.0) 07 (29.8) 452 www.e-chnr.org
https://doi.org/0.4094/chnr.207.23.4.449 49.6%, 77.7%. 36.5 ± 4.2, 46.5%. 33.%, 400 29.8%. 부모역할만족도와어머니, 아동및양육환경 7 5.96 ± 0.78, 0.20 ± 0.9. 4 3.55 ± 0.3, 2.64 ± 0.4. 5 2.36 ± 0.60, 5 4.4 ± 0.4. 5 3.8 ± 0.62, 5 3.85 ± 0.79 (Table 2). 연구대상자의특성에따른부모역할만족도,,,,,, (Table 3). (t =2.48, p=.04), (t =3.07, p=.002). 2 (t =2.22, p=.027), 3 (F = 4.33, p =.005).,,. 4 (F =3.06, p=.048), 400 300~400, 200~300 Table 2. Parenting Satisfaction and Main Variables Variables M ± SD Range (N=359) Parenting satisfaction 5.96±0.78 3.00~7.00 Overall health problems 0.20±0.9 0.00~0.92 Humanitarian parenting trust 3.55±0.3 2.42~4.00 Mature parenting trust 2.64±0.4.44~4.00 Parenting stress 2.36 ± 0.60.00~4.06 Perception of emotional status and behaviors in children 4.4 ± 0.4 2.72~5.00 Spouse s support 3.8 ± 0.62.46~5.00 Social support 3.85 ± 0.79.08~5.00 200 (F =2.87, p=.036). 부모역할만족도와어머니, 아동및양육환경과의상관관계,,. (r =.3, p =.05), (r =.37, p<.00), (r =.38, p<.00), (r =.3, p<.00), (r = -.4, p<.00), (r = -.29, p<.00) (Table. 4). 부모역할만족도에대한영향요인 (Table. 5). Durbin-Watson 2.0 2. 0.62~0.99 0..0 Variance Inflation Factor (VIF).02~.67 0 [27]. p-p 45, 0 [28].,,,, (β=., p =.043), (β=.4, p=.006), 3 (β=.6, p=.002). 7.5% (F =7.6, p<.00). 2,, (β=-.4, p=.008), (β=-.33, p<.00), (β=.4, p =.003) 3. 2 23.6% (F =5.49, p<.00), 6.%. 3 (β=.6, p =.005). 2 (β=.2, p =.06), (β=-. p =.026), (β=-.26, p<.00). 3 25.3% (F =4.8, p<.00),.7%. 4,,, www.e-chnr.org 정인경, 김영혜, 손현미 453
Table 3. Differences of Parenting Satisfaction according to Characteristics (N=359) Variables Characteristics Categories n M±SD t or F p Mother Age (year) <35 35~39 40 55 73 3 5.82±0.86 5.94±0.78 6.04±0.75.69.87 Education level High school College University 22 0 36 6.00±0.80 5.87±0.87 5.99±0.69 0.97.379 Job 75 84 6.06±0.75 5.86±0.80 2.48.04 Religion 9 68 5.93±0.79 5.99±0.77 0.79.430 Marital duration (year) 6 7 8 55 93 5.88±0.72 5.97±0.80 6.07±0.84 2.0.36 Married couples Live together Commuter couple 334 25 5.95±0.77 6.05±0.9 0.62.537 Planned pregnancy 242 7 6.05±0.74 5.78±0.84 3.07.002 Number of children 2 5 244 6.09±0.74 5.90±0.79 2.22.027 Had parenting education (times) 0 a b 2 c 3 d 69 69 67 54 5.89±0.8 5.94±0.8 5.89±0.7 6.3±0.66 4.33.005 a, b, c<d Children Age (year) 3 4 5 6 5 08 3 87 5.88±0.6 5.96±0.75 5.94±0.8 6.03±0.86 0.42.739 Gender Male Female 78 8 5.96±0.79 5.96±0.78 0.06.952 Temperament Easy Difficult 279 80 6.00±0.76 5.83±0.85.70.089 Parenting environment Age of spouse (year) 35 a 36~40 b 4 c 58 42 59 5.90±0.8 5.93±0.79 6.9±0.66 3.06.048 a,b<c Spouse s education level High school College University 2 80 67 5.9±0.84 5.99±0.78 5.98±0.74 0.35.705 Dwelling place Big city Small city Town 9 25 5 6.02±0.79 5.9±0.72 5.94±0.84 0.65.52 Family monthly income (0,000 won) <200 a 200~300 b 300~400 c 400 d 35 3 04 07 5.67±0.84 5.92±0.79 5.96±0.80 6.0±0.7 2.87.036 a<b, c<d 454 www.e-chnr.org
https://doi.org/0.4094/chnr.207.23.4.449 Table 4. Correlation of Parenting Satisfaction among Variables (N=359) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Variables r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p). Parenting satisfaction 2. Overall health problems -.29 (<.00) 3. Humanitarian parenting trust.3 (.05) -.06 (.233) 4. Mature parenting trust -.08 (.37).04 (.405).3 (.06) 5. Parenting stress -.4 (<.00).37 (<.00) -.07 (.9).05 (.373) 6. Perception of emotional status and behaviors in children.37 (<.00) -.32 (<.00).3 (.07) -.0 (.968) -.5 (<.00) 7. Spouse s support.38 (<.00) -.30 (<.00).3 (.06) -.05 (.346) -.29 (<.00).34 (<.00) 8. Social support.3 (<.00) -.30 (<.00).2 (.026) -.0 (.869) -.30 (<.00).2 (<.00).44 (<.00) Table 5. Hierarchical Regression Analysis for Parenting Satisfaction (N=359) Variables Constant Job PP NC PE OHP HPT PS EBC AS MI SPS SCS R² R² F p Model B SE β p 5.63 <.00 0.6..043 0.24 0.09.4.006 0.2 0.09.07.59 0.35 0..6.002.08 7.6 <.00 Model 2 B SE β p 6.03 0.46 <.00 0.2 0.07.08.097 0.23.4.003-0.0 -.0.946 0.9 0..09.069-0.55 0.2 -.4.008 0.23-0.43 0.2 0.07.09 -.33.050 <.00.24.6 5.49 <.00 Model 3 B SE β p 4.72 0.65 <.00 0.2 0.07.08.095 0.9.2.06-0.0 -.0.860 0.20 0.0.09.058-0.46 0.2 -..026 0.20-0.34 0.2 0.07.08 -.26.098 <.00 0.30 0..6.005.25.02 4.8 <.00 Model 4 B SE β p 3.78 0.66 <.00 0.0 0.07.06.88 0.3.08.084 0.02.0.832 0.7 0.0.08.087-0.2 0.2 -.05.30 0.2-0.3 0. 0.07.05 -.23.292 <.00 0.23 0.0.2.028 0.20 0.0.0.035 0.24 0.2.09.052 0.2 0.07.7.002 0.09 0.05.09.087.32.06 3.25 <.00 Dummy variable processing: yes job=, yes planned pregnancy=, total number of children is one=, more than three sessions of parenting educations=, spouse s age 4 years or over=, monthly income of the household more than 2 million won=. PP=Planned pregnancy; NC=Number of children; PE=Parenting educations; OHP=Overall health problems; HPT=Humanita-rian parenting trust; PS=Parenting stress; EBC=Emotional, behaviors in children; AS=Age of spouse; MI=Monthly income; SPS=Spouse s support; SCS=Social support. (β=.0, p=.035) (β=.7, p=.002). 3 (β=-.23, p <.00), (β=.2, p=.028). 4 3.5% (F =3.25, p<.00), 6.2%. www.e-chnr.org 정인경, 김영혜, 손현미 455
논의. 5.94 (7 ) Kim[6] 5.93..,,, 3. Moon[2].,,, [6],., [4],,. 3, Kim, Chung[29]., 2,,. Yoon, Cho[0]., [30],.. [5]. 3,. [4]. [2], [3].. 4,. [4].. 4,...,.,,. 456 www.e-chnr.org
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