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1 :,,,, ( ). :,,,, , 2, ,,,, ,,, I., (grammatical morphemes). Brown (1973), (, 1995; Berko, 1958; Cry stal, Fletcher & Garman, 1982; de Villier s & de Villier s, 1978; Lund & Duchan, 1993; Miller, 1981; Pinker, 1984). Pinker (1984) (paradigm building )... (, 1985). (1982) Brow n (1973). 11 : (,,, ), (,, ), ( ), ( ), (, ), ( )

2 Slobin (1973). 100% , (1972) , 4 276, , , 3, , ,,,, 3, 4, 5? (optional).... (Clark & Hecht, 1982; F ourcin, 1975; Fraser, Bellugi, & Brown, 1963; Lenneberg, 1962; Winitz et al., 1981). (Clark, 1974; Damasio, 1981; Fillmore, 1979; Johnson, 1981; Keeney & Wolfe, 1972; Rubens, 1979; Schlesinger, 1982).. (Clark & Hecht, 1982).

3 . (specific language impairment ) (Leonard, 1989; Rice & Oetting, 1993).,....,,,., ,.. (frequency ) (reaction time).. (Anderson, 1974; Bisanz, Danner & Resnick, 1979; Cairn s & Kamerman, 1975; Caplan, 1972; Collins & Quillian, 1969; Eckert & Eichorn, 1977; F airw ether & Hutt, 1978; F odor & Garrett, 1967; F oss, 1969).. II. 1. : ,,,, < - 1>

4 ( 3 ) , < - 1> ( ) (1) * (1) (1) (2) (1) * ( ) ( :,, ). 1. 1

5 ., , 10 ( 5 5 ). 2, 3 6, 7.,,, ,,,, 10.. ( ) -.,,,,,,,,,.,,,,. < - 2>. 2,., < - 1>.. 1/ 100. < - 2>

6 (3-7 ). III. 1. (%) < - 3> < - 1> % 43%.,. 3.,, 65%. 4 73% 92%. 7 66%.,,. 65%,, 3, 4, 7. (F = 64.65, p <.001), (F = 44.40, p <.001). (F = 2.09, p <.01). < - 3> Scheffé s multiple range test s 2 3.

7 , 2 4-7, , 5-7, 6-7. < - 1> 2 3,,,,. < - 3> SD % SD % SD % SD % SD % < - 4> < - 2>. 2 5, 3 2, 4, 5, , 0. (F = 44.2, p <.001), (F = 3.30, p <.05).. Scheffé s multiple range test s ,,, 2 4-7, , 7., 2, < - 4>

SD SD SD SD SD % % % % % 2 4.52 2.56 43 6.51 2.99 34 5.15 2.59 24 5.57 3.03 19 6.80 5.81 28 3 2.28 0.90 65 2.50 0.96 66 2.71 1.57 65 2.85 1.07 43 3.15 1.50 60 4 1.03 0.20 79 1.16 0.21 92 1.46 0.

8 SD SD SD SD SD % % % % % , 3 (5 ). (6 ). IV.. 2, 3, < - 1> (%)

9 < - 2> ( ) 2,,, (1982), 3 5 (1972). 2. 3, 4...,,.., (Clark, 1974; Damasio, 1981; Fillmore, 1979; Johnson, 1981; Keeney & Wolfe, 1972; Rubens, 1979; Schlesinger, 1982).,,... 1, ,

10 .. 3, 4.. (semantic). 2. (phonological).. Pinker (1984).. NVN (de Villiers & de Villiers, 1978).. 2, 3 NV. (Clark, 1987)., (reversibility ). 3, 4, , 4, %.....

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12 (1985).. :. (1972). 3, 4, 5., 19. (1982). :. :. (1995). :. : ( ). Anderson, J. R. (1974). Lang uage, M emory and Thought. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum As- sociates. Berko, J. (1958). The child s learning of English morphology. Word, 14, Bisanz, J., Danner, F. & Resnick, L. B. (1979). Changes with age in measurement of proces- sing efficiency. Child D evelopm ent, 50, Brown, R. (1973). A F irst Lang uag e: The Early Stag es. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Cairns, H. S. & Kamerman, J. (1975). Lexical information processing during sentence compre- hension. J ournal of Verbal L earning and Verbal B ehavior, 14, Caplan, D. (1972). Clause boundaries and recognition latencies for words in sentences. P ercep - tion and Psychophysics, 12, Clark, R. (1974). Performing without competence. J ournal of Child Lang uag e, 1, Clark, E. (1987). T he principle of contrast: A constraint on language acquisition. In B. Mac- Whinney (Ed.). M echanisms of Lang uag e A cquisition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Clark, E. V. & Hecht, B. F. (1982). Learning to coin agent and instrument nouns. Cognition, 12, Collins, A. M. & Quillian, M. R. (1969). Retrieval time from semantic memory. J ournal of Verbal L earning and Verbal B ehavior, 8, Crystal, D., Fletcher, P. & Garman, M. (1982). T he Grammatical A nalysis of Lang uag e D is- ability: A P rocedure f or A ssessm ent and R emediation. London: Edward Arnold. Damasio, A. (1981). T he nature of aphasia: Signs and syndromes. In M. T. Sarno (Ed.). A c- quired Aphasia.. New York: Academic Press. De Villiers, J. G. & de Villiers, P. A. (1978). Lang uag e A cquisition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Eckert, H. & Eichorn, D. H. (1977). Developmental variability in reaction time. Child D evel- opm ent, 48, Erber, N. P. (1982). A uditory Training. Washington, D.C.: A. G. Bell Association for the Deaf. Fairweather, H. & Hutt, S. J. (1978). On the rate of gain of information in children. J ournal of Exp erim ental Child Psychology, 26, Fillmore, L. W. (1979). Individual differnces in second language acquisition. In C. J. Fillmore, D. Kempler & W. S. Y. Yang (Eds.). Individual D iff erences in Lang uag e B ehavior and Lang uag e A bility. New York: Academic Press. Fodor, J. A. & Garrett, M. (1967). Some syntactic determinants of sentential complexity. P er- cep tion and Psychophysics, 2, Foss, D. J. (1969). Decision processes during sentence comprehension: Effect of lexical item difficulty and position upon decision times. Journal of Verbal L earning and Verbal B ehavior, 8, Fourcin, A. J. (1975). Language development in the absence of expressive speech. In E. H. Lennebe &

13 E. Lenneberg (Eds.). F oundations of Lang uag e D evelopm ent. New York: Academic Press. Fraser, C., Bellugi, U. & Brown, R. (1963). Control of grammar in imitation, comprehension, and production. Journal of Verbal L earning and Verbal B ehavior, 7, Johnson, C. E. (1981). Children s questions and the discovery of interrogative syntax. Unpub- lished Ph.D. thesis. Stanford, CA: Stanford University. Keeney, T. J. & Wolfe, J. (1972). T he acquisition of agreement in English. J ournal of Verbal L earning and Verbal B ehavior, 11, Kirk, R. E. (1982). Exp erim ental D esign: P rocedures for the B ehavioral Sciences. Belmont, CA: Brooks and Cole Publishing. Lenneberg, E. H. (1962). Understanding language without the ability to speak: A case report. J ournal of A bnomal Social Psychology, 65, Leonard, L. (1989). Language learnability and specific language impairment in children. App lied Psycholing uistics, 10, Lund, N. J. & Duchan, J. F. (1993). A ssessing Children s Lang uag e in N aturalistic Contexts (3rd Ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice- Hall. Miller, J. F. (1981). A ssessing Lang uag e Production in Children. Baltimore: University Park Press. Pinker, S. (1984). Languag e L earnability and Languag e D evelopment. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Rice, M. L. & Oetting, J. B. (1993). Morphological deficits of children with SLI: Evaluation of number marking and agreement, Journal of Sp eech and H earing R esearch, 36(6), l Rubens, A. B. (1979). Agnosia. In K. M. Heilman & E. Valenstein (Eds.). Clinical N europsy- chology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Schlesinger, I. M. (1982). Steps to Lang uag e: Toward a Theory of N ative Lang uag e A cquisi- tion. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Slobin D. I. (1973). Cognitive prerequisites for the acquisition of grammar. In C. A. Ferguson & I. Slobin (Eds.). Studies of Child Lang uag e D evelop m ent. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Winitz, H., Sanders, R. & Kort, J. (1981). Comprehension and production of the / z/ plural allo- morph. J ournal of Psycholing uistic R esearch, 10,

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歯제7권1호(최종편집).PDF

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歯배소영.PDF