歯5-4-22(조미경,김갑숙).PDF

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1 The Korea Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 4, (KSD) (Kinetic School Drawing: KSD),. 4, 5, 6 601( %, %), (KSD). t-test,.. 1. (KSD).,.,,,,,,.,,.,.,,,.. 2.,.,. :,,,,,,,, (Corresponding Author) :/ / TEL : (053) / pinakim@hanmail.net

2 ,..,.,., (,,, 1998). (1983),.,,,,,,,.., (social unit)., (, 1976).,,,,. (1973), (, 1997 ). Rutter,,.,, (, 1989 ). (1964)Hurlock(1956),., Asher(1977) 11.,, (, 1997 ).. Rosenthal (1978),, (, 2000 ). GoodBrophy(1984). WeinsteinMiddlestadt

3 (KSD) (1982).,..,..,,...,.,. (Kinetic School Drawing; KSD). KnoffProut(1988),,, (KSD). (KSD) (Selecivity of perception)....,..,,,,.,,.., (, ). (1995), (1996),,, (1998) KSD,,, (1998).,, (KSD).,

4 ,.,.,., 2 4, 5, ( %, %) (1). Coopersmith (1981) (1992). 13, (1 ) (4) 4,., (r=.271) 12. Cronbach s =.791. (1994). 10 (1) (4) 4,. r= Cronbach s =.831. / (Hui, 1998; Triandis, McCusker & Hui, 1990) /. 9 (1) (4) 4,., 7. Cronbach s =.749. (Kinetic School Draw ing ; KSD) A4 ( ), (4B),,. KSD.,.,..,,.,,. KSD (KFD), BurnsKaufman(1970, 1972) 2. Burns Kaufman(1970, 1972),,,,

5 (KSD) 1. N=601 N % N % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %. missing value.. 5,,,,, AB.912, AC.680, BC , (KFD) (2003), (2003), (1992), (1994), Hui(1998), Triandis, McCusker & Hui (1990) , , (Cronbach s ),

6 ,, t-test.,.,,,,,, 5. t-test. t-test 2. 2 (t=-2.64, p<.01) (t=- 2.58, p <.05).,.,,,. (t=- 2.13, p <.05), (t=- 2.84, p<.01).. (t=-3.09, p <.01), (t=-2.83, p <.01),.,,. t-test 3. 3,,. (t=-2.99, p<.01), (t=2.27, p <.05), (t=-2.68, p <.01).,. (t=- 2.99, p<.01), (t=- 2.37, p <.05),. (t=- 2.07, p <.05).. (t=- 2.70, p <.01), (t=-3.52, p<.001), (t=- 2.35, p<.05).,.. (t=- 2.85, p<.01),,. (t=3.14, p <.01).. 5(,

7 (KSD) 2. N M SD N M SD t ** * * ** ** ** * p<.05, * * p<

8 , 3. * p<.05, * * p<.01 N M SD N M SD t ** * ** ** * * ** *** * ** ** **

9 (KSD) ) (t=3.99, p<.001).,. t-test 4. (t=8.46, p <.01),.,,,. (t=- 1.99, p <.05), (t=-2.02, p <.05).. (t=-2.83, p <.01), (t=- 2.27, p <.05), (t=-2.35, p <.05),. (t=- 2.15, p <.05),. (t= , p<.05),. (t=- 2.20, p<.05).. (t=-2.29, p <.05).. (KSD) %. 53.8%, 87.0%.,,,,,,. 82.5%, p<.01 (X ²=61.77). 66.0%, 90.6%.,,,,,,,, ( ),, %, p <.05 (X ²=56.06). 52.8%, 83.0%.,,,,,,,,

10 , 4. * p<.05, * * p<.01 N M SD N M SD t ** * * ** * * ** * * *

11 (KSD) * * * * *** ** *** ** * * * * ** * ** ** *** * * * ** * ** * * * ** Wilk s Lamda X² ** * % 82.5% 71.0% * p <.05, * * p <.01, * * * p <

12 ,,, t-test,,,,.,,., (1996),,.,...,... Schildkrout(1972)., (1992),,, (1984) (, 2004 ).,.,,,, 5.,..,. (, 1993)..,. (2000). M=4.04..,.,

13 (KSD),.. (1998)., (34.9%) (24.1%), (36.0%) (23.8%). (24.4%) (7.8%).,,., (1995),,,.,,. (,,, 1994).,., 5,., (, 2001). (, 1993). (1990),.., (1999) (, 1999 ).,,.,,,.,. (1996),.,.,. (, 1993,, 1995, Hater, 1982).,,.,

14 ,.,, (, 1993).,..,,,.,,.., (,,, 19994).,..,.. Vosk(1982),.,. (1990),,.,,,,, (,, 1997). (KSD),,,, 5,,, 73.3%.,. Harter(1988).,,.,

15 (KSD), (Harter, 1982).. Phillips (1984),. (1987). (, 2000 ).,.,., p<.01, StipekHoffman (1980). Cooley Mead, (the looking glass self).,..,,,..,, (2000)..,. (1993).., (1990)..,. (2003).. :. (2003).. :.,, (1993)., : (1996)..,. (2000)..,.,, (1998). (KSD)., 5(2),

16 , (1999)..,. (2001)..,., (1992). Methylphenidate,.., 11(1), (1986)..,., (1997).,,.,. (1994)..,. (1990)..,. (1994)..,. (2004). - -.,.,, (1998). KSD., 5(1), , (1995).., 2(2), , (1996). (KSD)., 3(2), (1990)..,. (1993).. :. (1995)..,. Burns, R. C., & Kaufman, S. H.(1970). K inetic Family Drawing; A n Introduction to Understading Children Through K inetic Family Drawing. New York: Brunner/Mazal. Burns, R. C., & Kaufman, S. H.(1972). A ctions, Styles and Symbols in K inetic Family Drawing. New York: Brunner/Mazal. Comb, A. S.(1983). The R elationship of child p ercep tions to achievement and B ehavior in the Early School Y ears. Washington. DC.: Department of Health, Education. and Fare. Cooley, C. H.(1902). H uman nature and the social order. New York: Charles Scribner s Sons. Davidon, H. H. & Lang, G.(1960). Children s perceptions of their teachers feelings toward them related to self-perception, school achievement, and behavior. Journal Exp erimental E ducation, Vol. 29, Good, T. L., & Brophy, J. E.(1984). Teacher s communication of differential expectations for children classroom performance some behavior data. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, Harter, S.(1982). The perceived competence scale for children. Child development, 53, Harter, S. (1988). Causes, correlates and the functional role of global self-worth: A lifespan perspective. In J. Kolligan & R. Sternberg(Eds.), P ercep tions of competence and incomp etence across the lif e- span. New Haven, CT.: Yale University Press. Hui, C. H. (1998). Measurement of individualism

17 (KSD) collectivism. Journal of R esearch on P ersonality, 22, Knoff, H., & Prout, H. T.(1988). K inetic Drawing System f or Fam ily and School: A Handbook. California Western Psychological Service. Phillips, D. A.(1984). The illusion of incompetence among academically competent children. Child Developm ent, 55, Triandis, H., McCusker, C., & Hui, H.(1990) Multimethod probes of individualism and collecivism. J ournal of P ersonality and Social Psychology, 59, Vosk, B., Forehand, R., Parker, J., & Richard, K.(1982). A multimethod comparison of popular and unpopular children. D evelopmental Psychology, 18, : : :

18 The Korea Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 4, On the Connection of Elementary School Children's Perception of Self, Teachers, and Friends with Their KSD(Kinetic School Drawing) Reactive Characteristics Mi-Kyeong Jo Ayang Elementary School Gab-Sook Kim Yeungnam University This study purports to know elementary school children's perceptual characteristics of self, teachers, and friends shown in their KSD test and psychological diagnosis, then to define the validity of the KSD(Kinetic School Drawing) test as a diagnostic instrument. Subjects for the study are 601 elementary school children (321 boys 53.4%, 280 girls 46.6%) who are in 4th, 5th, and 6th grade. The study instruments are KSD as a projective method to measure perception of self, teacher and friends. To find out perceptual characteristics of self, teachers, and friends shown in KSD analyze t-test of independent verification. And Discriminant analysis is taken for the validity of KSD as a diagnostic measurement of self, teachers and friends. The results so obtained are as follows. 1. Perceptions of self, teachers and friends on KSD produce the following results. First, about KSD on self', children with negative perception of self have unsatisfactory relationship with teachers and show difficulty adjusting to school life. Second, about KSD on teachers', children with negative perception of teachers produced drawings of abuse, cruelty, and stiff posture, whereas children with positive perception of teachers expressed drawings of cooperation, full faces, and friendly looks. But children in the positive side have tendency to draw separately. Third, about KSD on friends', the group with positive perception of friends draw in their art work more friendly expressions and full faces than the others do, and draw teachers and friends all facing the same direction. On the other hand, the negative group show abuse and emphasize on teachers' eyes or sometimes omit them, including the picture of self in stiff posture looking at nobody. 2. After judgment analysis to verify how good the KSD test reads the degrees of perception as to self, teachers, and friends, a significant outcome was shown in the perception of only teachers and friends. This study, as a diagnostic instrument. shows some significance by virtue of the fact that the validity of KSD is thus verified. That is, KSD proves to be a valid test method in grasping the impotance of children's perception of teachers and friends. However, it is relatively difficult for children to perceive self. Thus, it could be recommended, with regard to children's perception of self, to seek a better standard or test fitting for each age group, so as to complement KSD when there is a need to judge clearer children's perceptual characteristics. Keywords: self, school drawing, f riends, kinetic

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)

歯5-4-22(조미경,김갑숙).PDF

歯5-4-22(조미경,김갑숙).PDF