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1 Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 7, N., pp. 17~11, 010. DOI:10.191/KCERS Bimimetic Apatite Precipitated n the Surface f Titanium Pwder Jng Hee Kim,G Yung Uk Sim, Tae Yung Yang, Seg Yung Yn, and Hng Chae Park Schl f Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan Natinal University, Pusan , Krea (Received Octber 19, 009; Revised December 18, 009; Accepted January 11, 009) pk t qk p ½ Á Á k Á Á y w œw ( ; ; ) ABSTRACT Bimimetic whisker-like apatite was frmed n thermally and NaOH-treated titanium pwder in a simulated bdy fluid (SBF). In the early prcess f the SBF immersin, the surface structure f the titanium pwder was lsened, pssibly due t the disslutin f Na ins n the surface f the titanium pwder int SBF. When immersed fr 7 days in SBF, fine precipitates appeared n the titanium surfaces; the cating layer (<00 nm in thickness) cnsisted f nanstructured, amrphus whisker-like and particulate phase, bserved by TEM. With the extensin f the immersin time t 16 days, the chrysanthemum flwer type mrphlgy f carbnated hydrxyapatite with a nancrystallinity was develped n the surface f the titanium pwder. Key wrds : Bimimetic apatite catings, Titanium pwder, Simulated bdy fluid, Whisker-like nanstructured crystals 1. kk w (Ti6AlV) w», ey, ü w w ww v p. ù 1,) w y ü w w., qk p y w (stecnductivity) ùk üù» ƒ w. pk w,) w y gq qk p w». pk w w w j» w plasma spraying 9,10) 5,6), sl-gel 7,8), electrphresis, electrchemical depsitin sww ƒ y gq». plasma spraying» pk»q y qk p(hydrxyapatite, HA) gq w š. ù» š œ w gq HA w vw š, 5) Crrespnding authr : Hng-Chae Park hcpark1@pusan.ac.kr Tel : Fax : »q g q d w w w w x v p ³ w gq ww w. 11) wr, (simulated bdy fluid, SBF) w gqœ pk»q q k p(bne-like apatite) t d j» w jš. 1-15) SBF ü yw pk t qk p w š Ca P w wš, ³ w gq d w. qk p w, pk x t, SBF, SBF ü e œ w. ¾ ww š pk qk p gq w q xk(flat-shaped)»q wš. pk w qk p gq wš g q e SBF ü e w mw pk w p w jš w. w y qk p gq pk e,, œ œ w w». 17
2 김종희 심영욱 양태영 윤석영 박홍채 18. 실험순서 순도 99.75%, 응집입자의 크기 1.6 µm (<50%)을 갖 는 상용 티타늄분말(Sigma-Aldrich)을 출발물질로 사용하 였다. 티타늄분말을 에탄올과 탈이온 증류수를 사용하여 초음파세척, 50 C에서 건조한 후 공기 중에서 600 C, 시 간 가열하였다. 이어서 하소분말을 5M NaOH 수용액 (60 C) 내에서 시간 반응, 여과, 증류수로 수세, 100 C에서 건 조하였다. NaOH 수용액으로 처리한 티타늄분말을 1.0 Na, 5.0 K, 1.5 Mg,.5 Ca, 18.8 Cl,. HCO, 1.0 HPO, 0.5 SO 의 이온농도 (mm)를 갖는 SBF (6.5 C) 중에서 1-16일 동안 침적시켰다. NaCl, NaHCO, KCl, K HPO H O, MgCl 6H O, CaCl, Na SO 시약을 증류수에 용해 시킨 후, 최종적으로 tris-hydrxymethyl aminmethane (TRIS) 와 HCl을 이용하여 6.5 C에서 ph=7.를 갖는 SBF 용액 을 제조하였다. 코칭 층의 표면성상을 관찰하기 위하여 주사전자현미경 (SEM, Hitachi S-00, Hitachi) 및 투과전자현미경 (TEM, JEM-010, Jel)을 이용하여 하였다. 화학 및 결정상의 조 성을 조사하기 위하여 X-선회절분석기 (XRD, D/MAX00, Rigaku) 및 적외선분광분석장치 (FTIR, Bruker IFS-66, Bruker)를 이용하였다. 코팅물질의 원소 및 표면화학을 조 사하기 위하여 에너지 분산 X-선미세분석기 (EDX) 및 X선광전분광기 (XPS, ESCALAB50, VG Scientific)를 이용 하였다. XPS에서 측정된 결합에너지는 8.6 ev의 탄화 수소 C1s에 의하여 보정되었다 Fig. 1.. 결과 및 고찰 출발물질로 사용한 티타늄분말 및 NaOH 수용액으로 처리한 시료의 X-선 회절패턴을 Fig. 1에 나타내었다. 시 료분말에서 금속 티타늄의 공기 중 가열에 의한 부분적 인 표면산화로 인하여 생성된 rutile (TiO ) (JCPDS Card #0-051)의 약한 회절피크가 출현하였다. 이러한 비정질 또는 미결정의 산화피막은 NaOH 수용액에서 Na O-TiO 표면층의 생성을 가속화시키고 따라서 SBF중에서 Ti-OH grup의 유도를 보다 용이하게 함으로써 아파타이트의 생 성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다(Fig. ). Fig. 은 SBF내에서 일정시간 침적시킨 시료분말의 SEM 사진을 보여준다. 5일까지 침적할 동안 티타늄분말의 표 면구조는 SBF중의 H O 이온과의 상호교환에 따른 분말 의 표면으로부터 Na 이온의 용해로 인하여 현저히 이완 되었으며, 석출물의 생성흔적을 거의 관찰할 수 없었다. 그러나 침적시간을 7일까지 연장함에 따라서 이완되어진 분말의 표면위에서 미세한 석출물의 생성이 확인되었다. TEM 관찰 및 micrbeam diffractin patterns의 분석으로부 - 한국세라믹학회지 Fig.. XRD patterns f as-received titanium pwder (a), and titanium pwder saked in NaOH aqueus slutin fr h withut (b) and with (c) preliminarily heating at 600C fr 1 h in air. SEM micrgraphs f titanium pwder after saking in SBF fr 16 days: (a) thermally and NaOH-treated sample, and (b) nly NaOH-treated. 터 비정질 나노구조를 갖는 휘스커와 입자상으로 구성된 코팅 층 (<00 nm)의 생성을 확인할 수 있었다 (Fig. ). 16 일간 침적 시, 반응생성물의 존재가 시료표면의 거의 전 영역에 걸쳐서 관찰되었으며, 이는 chrysanthemum flwer type mrphlgy와 ellipsidal particle shaped precipitates (lng rice-like grains)로 구성되어져 있었다. 이러한 미세 구조의 발달은 티타늄 판상기판의 표면위에서 SBF와의 초기반응에서 생성되는 전형적인 islated spherical cap의 mrphlgy 와 확연히 구별된다. 티타늄분말에서의 이러 한 미세구조의 발달은 첫째, 굴곡을 갖는 티타늄분말의 비교적 큰 표면적은 판상과 비교하여 SBF내에서 아파타 이트의 생성을 위한 풍부한 핵생성자리를 공급할 수 있 으며, 둘째, 티타늄입자에서의 핵생성 시 핵과 기물사이의 접촉면적은 충분히 작기 때문에 우선 배향성성장이 가능 하며, 셋째, 아파타이트의 결정구조는 육방정단위정 (a=0.91 nm, c=0.689 nm)을 가지므로 다른 결정축에 비하 여 c-축에 평형한 결정학적 방향을 따라서 결정성장이 보 다 용이하다는 것 등에 기인하는 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 16)
3 티타늄분말의 표면에 석출된 생체모방 아파타이트 Fig.. Fig.. 19 SEM micrgraphs f the surfaces f the titanium pwder after saking in SBF fr (a) 1, (b), (c) 5, (d) 7, and (e, f) 16 days. (a) TEM micrgraph f the surface f the titanium pwder after saking in SBF fr 7 days and (b) SAD patterns n the cating layer. 미세구조는 α-tricalcium phsphate의 가수분해에 의한 whisker-like HA 생성의 중간과정에서 흔히 나타난다. 또한, SEM 사진 (Fig. )에서 볼 수 있는 바와 같이 시료 표면위의 핵생성이 보다 용이한 자리에서 다핵이 생성되 어 서로 인접하면서 성장하는 것을 알 수 있다. SBF내에서 7일 및 16일 침적한 후 생성된 석출물에 대 한 EDX 분석 (Fig. 5)은 시료표면에서 Ti 이외에 C, O, Na, P, Ca의 존재를 보여주었다. NaOH 수용액처리 후 증 류수를 이용한 수세에도 불구하고 소량의 Na 이온이 잔 존하는 것으로 생각된다. Ca/P atmic rati는 CHA의 양 론조성 (.)과 비슷한.7와.96을 각각 나타내었다. 이 경우 침적시간이 16일로 증가할 때 다소간의 Ca 이온이 티타늄분말의 표면에 존재하는 것으로 생각된다. SBF에 16일간 침적한 시료의 FTIR spectrum은 주로 17,18) Fig. 5. EDX spectra f the surfaces f the titanium pwder saked in SBF fr (a) 7 and (b) 16 days. Full scale: (a) 7 and (b) 996 cts. adsrptin band와 공존하는 H O, PO 를 나타내었 으며(Fig. 6), 이는 문헌 에 보고된 carbnated HA (CHA) 의 그것과 기본적으로 유사하였다. 5 cm 에서의 강한 adsrptin band와 161 cm 에서의 stretching band는 SBF에서 처리된 시료표면에 존재하는 H O에 기인한다. CO ) 1 1 제 7 권 제 호(010)
4 10 ½ Á Á k Á Á y Fig. 6. XPS spectra f (a) XPS survey, (b) Tip, (c) Cap, and (d) Pp f the surface f the titanium pwder saked in SBF fr 16 days. Fig. 7. FTIR spectrum f the titanium pwder after saking in SBF fr 16 days cm e stretching mde w 760, 69, 60, 59, 7 cm 1 - PO bands y w. 0,1) - w, FTIR spectrum CHAü ƒ CO adsrptin bandsƒ 100~1550 cm ~950 cm - xw. qk p CO grup w OH grups ey w cm 1 OH - stretch band y. SBF 16 e w XPS spectra Fig. 7 ùkü. gq d t C, Ca, O, P Ti ƒ. Tip / Tip 1/ w (binding energy)ƒ ƒƒ ev ùkû, ƒ y k (quardrivalent xidatin state), Ti w w. Cap spectrum Ca w w Cap / (.9 ev) Cap 1/ (6. ev). Pp spectrum 5 P ùkü 10.1 ev vj ùkü. w Cap Pp w š19,) CHA w.. w, yw pk t ù { f x w wz
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