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1 Research Article Korean J Child Stud 2018;39(1): pissn: eissn: X Research Trends on Young Children s Happiness: Focusing on Young Children, Parents, and Teachers Youngsook Kim, Sunhee Min Department of Early Childhood Education, Joongbu University, Goyang, Korea :,,, Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the research trends in happiness of young children and to suggest the direction of future happiness program development and happinessrelated research. Methods: The results of analysis of 244 articles and academic papers for young children, parents, and teachers from 2008 to 2016 are summarized as follows. Results: First, in time analysis, related research was first conducted in 2008; it surged in 2013, and peaked in Second, there were many practical studies in this research area, but relatively few basic researches. Basic research was conducted in the order of recognition and actual research, trend research, and theoretical research. Additionally, practical research was conducted in the order of variable research, program development and effect research, and scale development research. Third, in the trends of research methods, quantitative research was the highest, followed by qualitative research, literature reviews, and multiple researches. Moreover, the number of qualitative studies is increasing. Fourth, in trends of research subjects, most were with young children, followed by teachers, parents, and literature. Most of the happiness researches for young children and parents were conducted with children. In addition, most of the happiness researches for teachers were conducted with in-service teachers. Conclusion: The results of this study will help to understand the flow of happiness research for young children, parents, and teachers, and will provide a basis for establishing the direction of happiness-related research such as the development of happiness programs and measurement. Keywords: young children s happiness, parental happiness, teachers happiness, trends in research..?.. UN , (Helliwer, Layard, & Sachs, 2017). Corresponding Author: Sunhee Min, Department of Early Childhood Education, Joongbu University, Geumsan, Korea saysv2@hanmail.net The Korean Association of Child Studies This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2 Kim and Min 2? OECD (H. Hwang, Nam, Seo, & Kim, 2016).., Yang (2008). E. J. Lee (2010),..,,.,,, (Choe, 2015)., UNICEF. OECD,,,,, 6. UN,, (Do, Bae, & Kim, 2014).,.,. D. R. Kim Kim (2008). (, ).. Kwark (2011) -,.,.,,, (Ryu, 2013), (Y. W. Kang, 2009; S. S. Kim, 2013), (M. J. Kim, & B. M. Kim, 2012; YI, 2015), (Choi & Chung, 2015). (H. K. Kang, 2014; Song, 2014; K. Lee, Yoon, & Byeon, 2016), (S. H. Kim, & Kang, 2008; Y. Kim, 2011; J. Kim & Bang, 2014; J. Park, 2015; J. H. Shin, 2016), (M. W. Nam & Oh, 2016; E. J. Lee, 2010; Lim, Kim, & Jeon, 2014). (S. B. Kim, 2012; Oh, Kim, & Lee, 2015; Na & Hwang, 2014), (H. J. Nam, 2015; Ha, 2016; Y. S. Lee, 2015; H. O. Lee, 2014), (S. H. Park & E. J. Park, 2014; S. B. Lee, 2015; Won, 2015; H. I. Hwang & Kim, 2016)..,,,, (Gwon & Sung, 2010).,....

3 3 Research Trends on Young Children s Happiness. G. Y. Kim (2017)...,,.,,,.. 1? 2? 2-1? 2-2? 3? 4? ,. RISS (Research Information Sharing Service) KISS (Koreanstudies Information Service System), 3. 1, -, -,,, ,,,,.,,,, ,, ( 245 ). 분석기준및방법., ( ) 245.,,,,. 연구시기에따른연구동향 분석대상 연구주제에따른연구동향 (H. K. Kang, 2014; Y. S. Kim

4 Kim and Min 4 Table 1 Classification Criteria by Research Theme Basic research Contents Happiness theory Awareness and reality Analysis of trends Action-based research Program development and effectiveness Scale development Variables Demographic variables Cognitive variables Emotional variables Social variables Moral variables Detailed category Theoretical studies related to young children s happiness: Discourse of desire, brain research, possibility, relationship orientation, emotion A study on perception and actual condition of happiness of young children A study analyzing the trends in research on the happiness of young children Development of program to promote happiness and verification of its effect Young children: Happiness education, picture book (sharing education, integration activity, read, audit training, ecological picture book, active activity, role play, positive psychological fairy tales), Nuri course, green food life, forest program (cooperative play, free play), personality education, nature friendship (sensory play), traditional play, traditional stories, music activity (outdoor music activity, instrument, dalcroze eurhythmics music program), cooperative art activities Parents: Parent education based on e-learning, forest program Teachers: Forest program, cooperative health program, happy flourish, happiness promotion, happy training, thanks diary Development of a scale to measure happiness Young children: Gender, age, temperament, attachment, birth order Parents: academic background, economic strength, occupation, personality traits, attachment, age Teachers: Teaching profession aptitude, academic background, age, working type, career, personality strength, endowment Young children: Creativity Parents: Ability, coaching Teachers: Immersion (teaching, organization), creativity, self-development, educational belief (enjoyment belief), empowerment, professionalism recognition, self-determination Young children: Vessel, self-esteem, audit propensity, ego resilience, emotional intelligence Parents: Resilience, young children s happiness, job satisfaction, parenting efficacy, parenting stress, parent satisfaction, stroke type Teachers: Teacher efficacy, positive sentiment, self-esteem, ego resilience, job satisfaction, tenacity, emotional intelligence, dedication, emotion expression, psychological exhaustion, emotional labor, audit propensity Young children: Solving the great human problem, kindergarten adaptation, leadership, peer competence, social support Parents: Marital relationship, parenting attitude, participation in play, child relationship, empathy ability, participation in parenting Teachers: Empathy ability, adaptive flexibility, turnover intention, perform a role, interpersonal competence, self-leadership, interaction, social support, stress (job stress, interpersonal stress, stress coping), humor Young children: Problem behavior, moral judgment Teachers: Young children problem behavior

5 5 Research Trends on Young Children s Happiness & Shin, 2016; J. H. Shin & Choi, 2014; K. M. Lee, 2009; K. Lee, Yoon, & Byeon, 2016). 2. (,, ) (,, ),. Table 1. 연구방법에따른연구동향 (M. S. Song, 2014; K. Lee, Yoon, & Byeon, 2016). 2.,,, 4,. Table 2. Table 3 Classification Criteria by Research Subject Contents Young children Age Parents Mother Father Teachers Preliminary teacher Incumbent teacher Literature. 2. ( ), (, ), (, ) 4,. Table 3. One to five year olds The details Adult women who have or have raised young children An adult man raising young children A teacher in a teacher training institution A teacher at an early childhood education institution Papers, books and picture books related to young children and their happiness Table 2 Classification Criteria by Research Method Contents Quantitative research Experimental research Survey research Correlation research Qualitative research Ethnographic research Narrative research In-depth interview and observation Literature research Multiple researches 연구대상에따른연구동향 The details Theory-based hypothesis testing How to collect data through questionnaires How to analyze or predict relationships between variables Research methods that describe culture Research methods that describe key scenes and storylines Research methods through interview and observation How to get knowledge or information Quantitative and qualitative researches (M. S. Song, 2014; K. Lee, Yoon, & Byeon, 2016) 연구절차,, , ( / ) %., 10, 94% 자료분석

6 Kim and Min 6 Table 4 Research Trends According to Year of Publication Year Sum Master ( 35.2) Doctor ( 9.3) Journal ( 55.7) Total 2 (0.8) 5 (2.0) 6 (2.4) 6 (2.4) 14 (5.7) 30 (12.3) 45 (18.4) 79 (32.4) 58 (23.6) 245 (100.0) Note. N = 245. Numbers in brackets represent percentages. SPSS 21.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY). 발행연도에따른연구동향 Table 4. Table 4, (0.8%), (2.0%), (2.4%), (5.7%), (12.3%), (18.4%), (32.4%), (23.6%) (35.2%), 23 (9.3%), 136 (55.7%). 2008, , 2016.,,. 연구주제에따른연구동향 Table 5. Table 5, 36 (13.6%) 22 (8.3%), 9 (3.4%), 5 (1.9%). 228 (86.4%) 165 (62.5%), 57 (21.5%), 6 (2.3%).,. Table 5 Research Trends by Subject Basic research Year Sum Theory ( 1.9) Trend analysis ( 3.4) Cognition ( 8.3) Sum ( 13.6) Practical research Program development and effectiveness ( 21.5) Scale development ( 2.3) Variable ( 62.5) Sum ( 86.4) Total 2 (0.7) 5 (1.9) 7 (2.7) 6 (2.3) 16 (6.0) 33 (12.5) 48 (18.2) 85 (32.2) 62 (23.5) 264 (100.0) Note. Duplicate response was allowed.

7 7 Research Trends on Young Children s Happiness Table 6 Research Trends in Basic Research Among Research Subjects Theory Year Sum Discourse of desire a 1 1 ( 2.6) Brain research a 1 1 ( 2.6) Possibility a 1 1 ( 2.6) Relationship orientation a 1 1 ( 2.6) Emotion a 1 1 ( 2.6) Sum ( 13.1) Trend analysis Paper a ( 10.5) Literature a ( 7.9) Program a 1 1 ( 2.6) Paper b 1 1 ( 2.6) Paper c 2 2 ( 5.3) Sum ( 28.9) Cognition a ( 39.5) Cognition b ( 18.4) Sum ( 57.9) Total 1 (2.6) 1 (2.6) 1 (2.6) 4 (10.5) 6 (15.8) 10 (26.3) 9 (23.7) 6 (15.8) 38 (100.0) Note. N = 38. a = young children; b = parents; c = teachers. Numbers in brackets represent percentages. (,, ) (,, ) (,, ). 기초연구 (,, ) Table 6. Table 6, 22 (57.9%), 11 (28.9%), 5 (13.1%)., 22 (57.9%), 15 (39.5%), 7 (18.4%).. 11 (28.9%), 4 (36.4%), 3 (27.3%), 1 (9.1%). 1 (9.1%), 2 (18.2%).. 5 (13.1%),,,,, 1 (20.0%).. 실천연구, Table 7. Table 7, 12 (19.0%), 9 (14.2%), 6 (9.5%), 4 (6.3%), 3 (4.7%), 2 (3.1%),,,, 1 (1.5%). e-learning 1 (1.5%).

8 Kim and Min 8 Table 7 Research Trends in Practical Research by Subject Year Sum Program development and effectiveness Young children Happiness education ( 6.3) Picture book ( 19.0) Nuri course 2 2 ( 3.1) Green food life 1 1 ( 1.5) Forest program ( 9.5) Personality education 1 1 ( 1.5) Nature friendship ( 14.2) Traditional play 4 4 ( 6.3) Outdoor play 2 2 ( 3.1) Traditional stories 1 1 ( 1.5) Music activity ( 4.7) Cooperative art activities Parents Parent education based on e-learning 1 1 ( 1.5) 1 1 ( 1.5) Forest program 1 1 ( 1.5) Teachers Forest program 1 1 ( 1.5) Cooperative health program 1 1 ( 1.5) Happy flourish 1 1 ( 1.5) Happiness promotion ( 6.3) Happy training 1 1 ( 1.5) Thanks diary 1 1 ( 1.5) Sum ( 90.4) Young children Scale development Basic research ( 3.1) Scale development 1 1 ( 1.5) Teachers Scale development 3 3 ( 4.7) Sum ( 9.5) Total 1 (1.5) 1 (1.5) 1 (1.5) 2 (3.1) 2 (3.1) 8 (12.6) 9 (14.2) 25 (39.6) 14 (22.2) 63 (100.0) Note. N = 63. a = young children; b = parents; c = teachers. Numbers in brackets represent percentages. 4 (6.3%),,,,, 1 (1.5%).,,.

9 9 Research Trends on Young Children s Happiness Table 8 Research Trends in Practical Research (Young Children) Year Sum Demographic Temperament 4 4 (1.6) Attachment 1 1 (0.4) Age 2 2 (0.8) Gender (1.2) Birth order 1 1 (0.4) Cognitive Creativity 1 1 (0.4) Emotional Vessel 1 1 (0.4) Self-esteem (1.2) Audit propensity 1 1 (0.4) Ego resilience (1.2) Emotional intelligence (1.6) Social Solving the great human problem 1 1 (0.4) Kindergarten adaptation (1.2) Leadership 2 2 (0.8) Peer competence (0.8) Social support 1 1 (0.4) Moral Problem behavior (0.8) Moral judgment 1 1 (0.4) Total 1 (0.4) 3 (1.2) 2 (0.8) 2 (0.8) 9 (3.6) 19 (7.7) 36 (14.7) Note. N = 36. Numbers in brackets represent percentages., 2 (3.1%), 1 (1.5%), 3 (4.7%).. Table 8, 9, 10. Table 8, 9, 10, 159 (64.9%), 50 (20.4%), 36 (14.7%). 6 (2.4%), 4 (1.6%), 3 (1.2%), 2 (0.8%), 1 (0.4%). 13 (5.3%), 7 (2.8%), 5 (2.0%), 4 (1.6%), 3 (1.2%),, 1 (0.4%). 27 (11.0%), 15 (6.1%), 9 (3.6%), 7 (2.8%), 4 (1.6%), 3 (1.2%), 2 (0.8%), 1 (0.4%). 8 (3.2%), 7 (2.8%), 3 (1.2%), 2 (0.8%),,, 1 (0.4%). 1 (0.4%).,

10 Kim and Min 10 Table 9 Research Trends in Practical Research (Parents) Year Sum Demographic Academic background ( 1.2) Economic strength ( 1.2) Occupation ( 1.6) Personality traits ( 1.2) Attachment 1 1 ( 0.4) Age 1 1 ( 0.4) Cognitive Ability 1 1 ( 0.4) Coaching 1 1 ( 0.4) Emotional Resilience 1 1 ( 0.4) Young children happiness ( 1.2) Job satisfaction 1 1 ( 0.4) Parenting efficacy ( 1.6) Parenting stress 3 3 ( 1.2) Parent satisfaction ( 0.8) Stroke type 1 1 ( 0.4) Social Marital relationship ( 1.6) Parenting attitude ( 2.8) Participation in play ( 1.6) Child relationship 1 1 ( 0.4) Empathy ability 1 1 ( 0.4) Participation in parenting 1 1 ( 0.4) Total 1 (0.4) 3 (1.2) 1 (0.4) 2 (0.8) 12 (4.8) 17 (6.9) 14 (6.1) 50 (20.4) Note. N = 50. Numbers in brackets represent percentages.. 4 (1.6%),, 3 (1.2%), 1 (0.4%). 1 (0.4%), 4 (1.6%), 3 (1.2%), 2 (0.8%),, 1 (0.4%). 7 (2.8%), 4 (1.6%),, 1 (0.4%).,,,. 4 (1.6%), 3 (1.2%), 2 (0.8%), 1 (0.4%). 1 (0.4%), 4 (1.6%), 3 (1.2%), 1 (0.4%). 3 (1.2%), 2 (0.8%),

11 11 Research Trends on Young Children s Happiness Table 10 Research Trends in Practical Research (Teachers) Year Sum Demographic Teaching profession aptitude ( 1.2) Academic background ( 0.8) Age 1 1 ( 0.4) Working type ( 1.6) Career 1 1 ( 0.4) Personality strength ( 2.4) Endowment ( 0.8) Cognitive Immersion ( 5.3) Creativity ( 2.8) Organizational commitment ( 2.0) Self -development 1 1 ( 0.4) Educational belief ( 1.2) Empowerment ( 1.6) Professionalism recognition 1 1 ( 0.4) Self -determination 1 1 ( 0.4) Emotional Teacher efficacy (11.0) Positive sentiment 1 1 ( 0.4) Self-esteem ( 2.8) Ego resilience ( 3.6) Job satisfaction ( 6.1) Tenacity ( 1.6) Emotional intelligence 1 1 ( 0.4) Dedication 1 1 ( 0.4) Emotion expression 1 1 ( 0.4) Psychological exhaustion ( 1.2) Emotional labor ( 0.8) Audit propensity ( 1.6) Social Empathy ability 1 1 ( 0.4) Adaptive flexibility 1 1 ( 0.4) Turnover intention ( 1.2) Perform a role 1 1 ( 0.4) Interpersonal competence ( 0.8) Self-Leadership ( 1.2) Interaction ( 2.8) Social support 1 1 ( 0.4) Stress ( 3.2) Humor ( 0.8) Moral Infant problem behavior 1 1 ( 0.4) Total 7 (2.8) 2 (0.8) 11 (4.4) 24 (9.7) 32 (13.0) 47 (19.1) 36 (14.6) 159 (64.9) Note. N = 159. Numbers in brackets represent percentages.

12 Kim and Min 12 Table 11 Research Trends According to Research Methods Year Sum Quantitative research Experimental ( 18.0) Survey ( 27.9) Correlation ( 37.7) Sum ( 83.6) Qualitative research Ethnographic ( 1.2) Narrative ( 1.6) In-depth interview ( 4.9) Sum ( 7.8) Literature ( 5.3) Multiple ( 3.7) Total 2 (0.8) 8 (3.3) 6 (2.5) 7 (2.9) 14 (5.7) 29 (11.9) 45 (18.4) 76 (31.1) 58 (23.6) 245 (100.0) Note. N = 245. Numbers in brackets represent percentages. Table 12 Research Trends According to Subjects Year Sum Young children 1-year-old 1 1 ( 0.3) 2-year-old ( 0.6) 3-year-old ( 3.7) 4-year-old ( 14.0) 5-year-old ( 25.3) Sum ( 43.9) Parents Mother ( 12.8) Father ( 4.9) Sum ( 17.7) Teachers Preliminary ( 5.4) Incumbent ( 29.6) Sum ( 35.0) Literature ( 3.4) Total 5 (1.4) 14 (4.0) 8 (2.3) 10 (2.8) 23 (6.5) 38 (10.8) 65 (18.5) 101 (28.8) 87 (24.8) 351 (100.0) Note. Duplicate response was allowed. Numbers in brackets represent percentages. 1 (0.4%). 2 (0.8%), 1 (0.4%).. 연구방법에따른연구동향 Table 11. Table 11, 204 (83.6%),

13 13 Research Trends on Young Children s Happiness 19 (7.8%), 13 (5.3%), 9 (3.7%)., 92 (37.7%), 68 (27.9%), 44 (18.0%). 12 (4.9%), 4 (1.6%), 3 (1.2%).,. 연구대상에따른연구동향 Table 12. Table 12, 154 (43.9%), 123 (35.0%), 62 (17.7%), 12 (3.4%)., 5 89 (25.3%), 4 49 (14.0%), 3 13 (3.7%), 2 2 (0.6%), 1 1 (0.3%). 40 (11.4%), 16 (4.6%), 5 (1.4%), 1 (0.3%). 104 (29.6%), 19 (5.4%).,.,.,, , 245.,, , , , Kang (2014) , (M. Kim et al, 2013).,. (,,,,, )....,, 36, 228

14 Kim and Min 14...,,,.., 22, 11, 5,. 159, 57, 6,.,,.,. Song (2014),, G. Y. Kim (2017).,,,,,. Shin Choi (2014) , ,.,.,,,,,. H. K. Kang (2014),,,, ,.,. K. Lee, Yoon Byeon (2016). (Y. Kim, 2011),.. 3,. 3.,.,. M. S. Song (2014).

15 15 Research Trends on Young Children s Happiness..,, -, -.,,.,..,.,..,.,.. Conflict of Interest No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. In English References Helliwell, J., Layard, R., & Sachs, J. (2017). World Happiness Report New York: Sustainable Development Solutions Network. Yang, Y. (2008). Social inequalities in happiness in the United In Korean States, 1972 to 2004: An age-period-cohort analysis. American Sociological Review, 73(2), Choe, S. (2015). A structural relationship between young children s happiness and its variables: Temperament, parenting efficacy and ego-resilience (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Choi, E. A., & Chung, K. S. (2015). The process of meaning construction on children s happiness by mothers with young children. Korean Journal of Childcare and Education, 11(5), doi: /jkcce Do, N., Bae, Y.-J., & Kim, J. (2014). Yuagi haengbokgam jeungjin bangan[ ] (Report No ). Seoul: Korea Institute of Child Care and Education. Gwon, G. N., & Sung, M. (2010). The influences of young children s happiness on behavior problems and interpersonal problem solving strategies. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 19(2), Ha, K. (2016). The effects of work-family balance and resilience on happiness in dual-earner couples with early childhood: The mediating effects of parenting self-efficacy and job satisfaction (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from link?id=t Hwang, H., Nam, M., Seo, B., & Kim, B. (2016). Adonggwolliwa bokji[ ]. Gyeonggi: Jeongminsa. Hwang, H.-I., & Kim, E.-J. (2016). Path analysis of the influential factors for the happiness of young children teachers. Korea Journal of Early Childhood Education, 36(5), doi: /kjece Kang, H.-K. (2014). The trends of studies on happiness in early childhood education. Korea Journal of Child Care and Education, 89, Kang, Y. W. (2009). A study on young children s happiness and understanding of happiness concept. The Journal of Hanyoung Theological University, 13, Kim, Y. (2011). The influence of the nature play activities on children s happiness and self-concept (Master s thesis). Retrieved from Kim, D.-R., & Kim, J. (2008). Study of the correlation between the happiness of young children and that of their parents. The Journal Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, 13(6), Kim, G.-Y. (2017). A study on the infant teachers perception and demand of the infant s happiness and the happiness enhancement activity (Master s thesis). Retrieved from Kim, I. (2011). Tendency analysis of study for happiness of

16 Kim and Min 16 children. Sookmyung Journal of Child Study, 24(1), Kim, J., & Bang, S. (2014). The development and practical application of a literature program for the improvement of young children s happiness: Using Tasha Tudor s picture books. Journal of Children s Literature and Education, 15(3), Kim, M., Kim, C. M., Lee, Y., Kwon, S. M., Kwon, Y. S., & Lee, S. (2013). 21st Century global trends in education reform (I): Education for Happiness (Report No ). Seoul: Korean Educational Development Institute. Kim, M.-J., & Kim, B.-M. (2012). Narrative inquiry on early childhood teachers happiness in the eco-early childhood education field. The Journal of Eco-Early Childhood Education & Care, 11(2), Kim, S. B. (2012). Study on young children s happiness based on ecological family variables (Master s thesis). Retrieved from Kim, S. H., & Kang, S. M. (2008). The expansion of the concept of happiness of five-year-olds by sharing picture books that deal with the topic of psychological well-being. Journal of Children s Literature and Education, 9(2), Kim, S.-S. (2013). The meaning of happiness as understood and articulated by young children. Journal of Early Childhood Education, 33(3), Kim, Y.-S., & Shin, G.-H. (2016). Education research trends of Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society : Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 17(9), doi: /kais Kwark, H. K. (2011). A study of the relationship between happiness, self-identity and teacher s efficacy belief, teacher-young children interaction (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Lee, E. J. (2010). A study on development of happiness scale for young children: Based on early childhood educational institution (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from link?id=t Lee, H. O. (2014). Effects of mother s personality, marital relationship, and relationship with young children on happiness (Master s thesis). Retrieved from kr/link?id=t Lee, K., Yoon, H., & Byeon, S. (2016). An analysis of research trends in happiness studies in early childhood education. Journal of Early Childhood Education, 36(2), Lee, K.-M. (2009). Ideas for implementing pursuit of happiness education in early childhood education settings. Korean Journal of Children s Media, 8(1), Lee, S. B. (2015). Influence of the creative competency of early childhood education institutions, self-efficacy and teaching flow on happiness in early childhood teachers (Master s thesis). Retrieved from Lee, Y. S. (2015). Exploring happiness of young children s fathers (Master s thesis). Retrieved from link?id=t Lim, S.-R., Kim, J.-L., & Jeon, B.-S. (2014). The development and validation of happiness measurement scale for early childhood teachers. Early Childhood Education Research & Review, 18(1), Na, H.-S., & Hwang, S.-Y. (2014). The relationship between the moral judgment and the happiness of young children. Early Childhood Education Research & Review, 18(2), Nam, H. J. (2015). A study on the happiness of parents who have infantile children (Master s thesis). Retrieved from Nam, M. W., & Oh, J. Y. (2016). The development of a happiness sharing scale for preservice early childhood teachers. The Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 7(2), doi: /hss Oh, Y. J., Kim, H. J., & Lee, J. S. (2015). Structural analysis of variables affecting right to be happy of children: Focus on age, gender, mother-child attachment, ego-resilience, and peer competence. Journal of Korean Council for Children & Rights, 19(2), Park, J. (2015). The effect of nature walking activity on children s happiness (Master s thesis). Retrieved from kr/link?id=t Park, S.-H., & Park, E.-J. (2014). The relationship between early childhood teacher aptitude and sense of happiness. Early Childhood Education Research & Review, 18(6), Ryu, M.-H. (2013). A study of the relations between young children s happiness and desire through investigating discourses on desire. Korea Journal of Child Care and Education 78, 5, Shin, J. H. (2016). Development of young children happiness program in relation with Nuri curriculum education and its effect (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from link?id=t Shin, J.-H., & Choi, H.-S. (2014). An analysis of trends in studies relating to early childhood happiness. Journal of Early Childhood Education, 34(1), Song, M.-S. (2014). An analysis of the research trend of theses about early childhood teacher s happiness. Korean Journal of Children s Media, 13(3), Won, J.-H. (2015). A structural analysis on early childhood educational teachers rewards happiness (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from YI, H. S. (2015). The perception of happiness among the kindergarten teachers. The Journal of Korean Teacher Education, 32(3),

17 17 Research Trends on Young Children s Happiness Youngsook Kim Sunhee Min ORCID Received August 31, 2017 Revision received October 22, 2017 Accepted January 31, 2018

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