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1 The Effect of Parent Attachment in Adolescent on Internet Addiction Tendency: The Mediating Effects of Emotional Regulation Ability * Seohyeon Kim Yong-In Mental Hospital Jungkyu Kim Department of Psychology Sungshin Women s University The purpose of this study is to examined the mediating effects of emotional regulation ability between parent attachment and internet addiction tendency. Inventory of parent attachment, internet addiction scale, and emotional regulation ability scale were administered to 500 students in middle and high school in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do and data from 422 students were analyzed. The results of this study are summarized as follows : parent attachment showed a positive correlation with emotional regulation ability, whereas parent attachment showed a negative correlation with internet addiction tendency. Emotional regulation ability showed a negative correlation with internet addiction tendency. Finding in structural equation modeling indicated that emotional regulation ability fully mediates the relation of parent attachment and internet addiction tendency. This study suggests that emotional regulation ability is an important factor in relation of parent attachment and internet addiction tendency. The results implicate that it is necessary to evaluate and intervene in emotional regulation ability in prevention and treatment of internet addiction. Keywords: attachment, internet addiction tendency, emotional regulation, adolescent, mediating effect * This paper is taken in part from the master s thesis of the first author, Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women s University Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Seohyeun Kim, Yong-In Mental Hospital, 940, Jungbu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Tel: , psy_shkim@naver.com

2 ,, (Young, 1996) (Internet Addiction Disorder: IAD) Goldberg(1996). Young(1996) DSM-IV,,,,,. Young DSM-IV. DSM-5(American Psychiatric Association, 2013) (Internet Gaming Disorder) < >..,. 2014, 5-54, 6.9%, 5.6%, 12.5%, 5.8%, (Korea Agency for Digital Opportunity and Promotion. 2014)., 2011 ( 11)7.9% ( 12) 7.3% ( 13) 6.4% ( 14) 5.6%, ( 11) 6.8% ( 12) 6.0% ( 13) 5.9% ( 14) 5.8% ( 11) 10.4% ( 12) 10.7% ( 13) 11.7% ( 14) 12.5%.,,, (Kim, 2012).,,, (Young, 1996).,, (Lee, Oh, Jo, Hong & Moon, 2001). (Kim, Choi & Yoo, 2010; Ryu, Choi, Seo & Nam, 2004). (Kim, Park, Tak, Kim & Oh, 2013; Lee & Jeon, 2015) (Jo, 2013)..

3 , -,, - - (Kim, Son, Yang, Cho & Lee, 2007). (Lee & Hong, 2011). Yoo(2009),..,..., (Paterson & Pryor, 1994), -.,. Tice, Bratslavsky Baumeister(2001),,. Hopley Nicki(2010). Gottman Katz(1989),,,. (1), (2), (3), (4),,, (5), (6).,

4 (Bowlby, 1988). Sroufe Waters(1977).,,. (Borelli et al., 2010). (Kobak & Sceery, 1988; Sroufe, 2005) (Lee & Jeong, 2003).,,..,...,,,?,? Armsden Greenberg(1987) (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment Revised; IPPA-R) Ok(1997). Ok(1997),,,.. (IPPA-R)

5 ,, , 9, 6. Likert 5.. Ok(1997) (Cronbach s α).93, ,.91.. Young(1996) Kim, Lee Oh(2003).,,,,. 20 Likert Young(1998) ,, 80. Kim, Lee Oh(2003) (Cronbach s α).90,.87 (Cronbach s α).90.. Kim(1998) Son(2007), Oh(2010),.,,,, Likert 1-5. Oh(2010) (Cronbach s α).89 (Cronbach s α).89..,,,,,.. (Cronbach s α). Pearson.

6 ., MI(Modification Index) CR(Critical Ratio)., 2 (Bae, 2007).,. sobel. SPSS AMOS (73.6%),, (56.6%) Table 1., Table , , , Young(1998) ,, 80, 86.7%, 13.1%, 0.2% %, (Korea Agency for Digital Opportunity and Promotion, 2014). 422,, 240 (56.9%), 182 (43.1%) 215 (50.9%), 207 (49.1%).,, Table 3. (r=-.22 p<.01)

7 Male (N=240) Female (N=182) N % N % Middle school student High school student chatting, messenger SNS, blog Purpose of internet usage study web searching internet shopping game nasty sites other less than 30 minutes minutes - 1 hour Time of internet usage per day 1 hour - 2 hours hours - 3 hours hours - 5 hours more than 5hours variables M SD Range of measuring points Attachment Emotional Regulation Ability Internet Addiction Tendency , (r=-.18, p<.01), (r=-.22, p<.01). (r=.42, p<.01)

8 Attachment father attachment.94 ** mother attachment.94 **.74 ** 1 2. Internet Addiction Tendency -.22 ** -.18 ** -.22 ** 1 3. Emotional Regulation Ability.42 **.38 **.40 ** -.26 ** Self-Awareness.27 **.24 **.27 ** -.12 *.74 ** Managing Emotions.33 **.31 **.32 ** -.19 **.67 **.35 ** Self-Motivation.33 **.31 **.31 ** -.25 **.76 **.45 **.47 ** Empathy.27 **.24 **.28 ** -.17 **.75 **.44 **.41 **.42 ** Handling Relationships.31 **.29 **.30 ** -.19 **.71 **.46 **.24 **.37 **.48 ** 1, (r=.38, r=.40, p<.01). (r=-.26, p<.01). 5 (r=-.25, p<.01).. ( ) ( ) Figure 1 Figure 2. χ² χ². χ² Hong(2000) GFI (Goodness of Fit), CFI(Comparative Fit Index), TLI (Tucker-Lewis Index), RMSEA(Root Mean Squate Error of Approximation). χ²,, Table 4., RMSEA.074 GFI, CFI, TLI.90.,

9 χ² df P GFI CFI TLI RMSEA Full Mediation Model Partial Mediation Model p<.05 (χ²= 3.101, df=1, p<.05).,.. Table 5., Path Unstandardized β S.E. Standardized β C.R. Attachment Emotional Regulation Ability *** Emotional Regulation Ability *** Internet Addiction Tendency Note. S.E. = Standard Error; C.R. = Critical Ratio. *** p <.001.

10 ., Figure 3. β=.509(p<.001), β=-.313(p<.001). sobel test, (Z=-42.31, p<.001).., ,, (r=-.22) (r=.42). (r=-.18), (r=-.22) (r=.38), (r=.40). (r=-.26). (Choi, 2003; Jung, 2010; Kim, 2005). Lee(2009)

11 Ahn(2003) Jung(2005)., Lee, Lee Jang (2013),,., (r=-.25). Goleman(1995),,,, 5,. Goleman(1995),..,., Lee Hong(2011), Lee, Lee Jang(2013), Mok(2004).., No(2008), No(2008)..,,,, (Young, 1996),.

12 .., (Keum, Jung, & Shin, 2015).., Lee(2013),, Lee Kim(2013).,, Kim(2015),.,,...,,,,..,.,,.,..,,,

13 .,.... References Ahn H. Y. (2003). The relationship between internet addiction emotional intelligence and school life adjustment in elementary school students. (Unpublished master s thesis). Dankook University, Yongin, Korea. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5 ). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Pub. Hopley, A. A., & Nicki, R. M. (2010). Predictive factors of excessive online poker playing. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and social networking, 13, Armsden, G. C., & Greenberg, M.. T. (1987). The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, Bae B. R. (2007). Structural equation modeling with amos 17.0: Principles and practice. Seoul: Chungram. Borelli, J. L., Crowley, M. J., David, D. H., Sbarra, D. A., Anderson, G. M., & Mayes, L. C. (2010). Attachment and emotion in school-aged children. Emotion, 10, Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. New York: Basic Books. Choi, M. G. (2003). A study on adolescents' attachment, soothing ability, psychological well-being, and internet addiction. (Unpublished master s thesis). Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea. Goldberg, I. (1996). Internet addiction disorder. Retrieved November, 24, 2004 from Goleman, D (1995). Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam Books. Gottman, J. M., & Katz, L. F. (1989). Effects of marital discord on young children s peer interaction and health. Developmental Psychology, 25, Hong, S. H. (2000). The criteria for selecting appropriate fit indices in structural equation modeling and their rationales. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 19, Hong, S. H., Park, M. S., Kim, W. J. (2007). Testing the autoregressive cross-lagged effects between adolescents` internet addiction and communication with parents: Multigroup

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16 (Unpublished master s thesis). Ewha Women University, Seoul. Korea. Oh, J. H. (2010). The effects of gestalt relationship improvement program(grip) on depression, emotion regulation, and school adjustment of depressive middle-school girls. (Unpublished master s thesis). Sungshin Women s University, Seoul, Korea. Paterson, J. E., Field, J., & Pryor, J. (1994). Adolescents' perceptions of their attachment relationships with their mothers, fathers, and friends. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 23, Ryu, E. J., Choi, K. S., Seo, J. S., & Nam, B. W. (2004). The relationships of Internet addiction, depression, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi, 34, Son, K. S. (2007). The development and verification of effect of the emotion regulation competence improving group counseling program for group home children's. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Seoul Women University, Seoul, Korea. Sroufe, L. A., & Waters, E. (1977). Attachment as an organizational construct. Child Development, 48, Tice, D. M., Bratslavsky, E., & Baumeister, R. F. (2001). Emotional distress regulation takes precedence over impulse control: If you feel bad, do it! Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, Yoo, S. H. (2009). The relationship between attachment type and addictive tendency of adult women. (Unpublished master s thesis). Sookmyung Women University, Seoul, Korea. Young, K. S. (1996). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyber Psychology Behavior, 1, Received March 3, 2015 Revised February 7, 2016 Accepted February 11, 2016

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