:,,,, ( ). :,,,,. -. 1997, 2, 27-42.,,,, 1 7. 2 7.,,,. 1 4... I., (grammatical morphemes). Brown (1973), (, 1995; Berko, 1958; Cry stal, Fletcher & Garman, 1982; de Villier s & de Villier s, 1978; Lund & Duchan, 1993; Miller, 1981; Pinker, 1984). Pinker (1984) (paradigm building )... (, 1985). (1982) Brow n (1973). 11 : (,,, ), (,, ), ( ), ( ), (, ), ( ). 1 8 3 0..
. 1 11 2 7.... Slobin (1973). 100%..... 1 2, (1972) 3 5.. 1. 3 136, 4 276, 5 143 1 2. 3 1 0.85, 4 1 0.61., 3, 4 1 0.26 0.36. 5 1 1.81 3, 4. 1 2,,,, 3, 4, 5? (optional).... (Clark & Hecht, 1982; F ourcin, 1975; Fraser, Bellugi, & Brown, 1963; Lenneberg, 1962; Winitz et al., 1981). (Clark, 1974; Damasio, 1981; Fillmore, 1979; Johnson, 1981; Keeney & Wolfe, 1972; Rubens, 1979; Schlesinger, 1982).. (Clark & Hecht, 1982).
. (specific language impairment ) (Leonard, 1989; Rice & Oetting, 1993).,....,,,., 2 7. 1 4.,.. (frequency ) (reaction time).. (Anderson, 1974; Bisanz, Danner & Resnick, 1979; Cairn s & Kamerman, 1975; Caplan, 1972; Collins & Quillian, 1969; Eckert & Eichorn, 1977; F airw ether & Hutt, 1978; F odor & Garrett, 1967; F oss, 1969).. II. 1. : 1 4 5. 20..,,,, < - 1>.. 1. 2
. 3 5 2. 4 ( 3 ).. 6. 1 5 2 1, 2 5 4. 3 2. < - 1> ( ) 1 1 87 0 0 0 0 1 2 83 1 0 0 0 0 3 136 1 0 0 31 0 4 117 0 0 0 0 0 5 110 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 54 3 (1) * 0 2 3 0 2 159 10 2 0 0 0 3 224 14 2 1 3 0 4 203 12 10 5 7 12 5 413 20 (1) 0 0 33 15 3 1 54 1 0 0 3 2 2 100 4 1 0 12 2 3 157 9 (1) 2 19 58 15 4 198 10 3 7 28 4 5 281 37 (2) 4 11 14 14 4 1 136 10 7 1 2 7 2 161 26 (1) 12 34 11 14 3 304 8 8 0 12 16 4 169 18 4 1 11 13 5 269 16 9 11 14 4 * ( ). 1 3 31 1.. 4 34. ( :,, ). 1. 1
.,. 2. 2 7 60, 10 ( 5 5 ). 2, 3 6, 7.,,,. 3. 50 50,,,, 10.. ( ) -.,,,,,,,,,.,,,,. < - 2>. 2,.,.. 50... < - 1>.. 1/ 100. < - 2>
2 2. 5 (3-7 ). III. 1. (%) < - 3> < - 1>. 2. 19% 43%.,. 3.,, 65%. 4 73% 92%. 7 66%.,,. 65%,, 3, 4, 7. (F = 64.65, p <.001), (F = 44.40, p <.001). (F = 2.09, p <.01). < - 3> Scheffé s multiple range test s 2 3.
. 2 3-7, 2 4-7, 2 7. 3 4-7, 5-7, 6-7. < - 1> 2 3,,,,. < - 3> SD % SD % SD % SD % SD % 2 4.3 3.0 43 3.4 2.4 34 2.4 2.1 24 1.9 1.7 19 2.8 2.7 28 3 6.5 1.1 65 6.6 1.5 66 6.5 1.5 65 4.3 1.5 43 6.0 1.7 60 4 7.9 1.4 79 9.2 1.2 92 8.0 1.0 80 2.9 2.6 29 7.3 1.9 73 5 9.2 0.9 92 9.4 1.0 94 8.7 1.0 87 3.8 3.3 38 7.5 2.4 75 6 9.8 0.4 98 10.0 0.0 100 8.5 1.8 85 4.5 3.2 45 9.7 0.6 97 7 9.8 0.4 98 9.8 0.6 98 9.0 1.8 90 6.6 3.9 66 10.0 0.0 100 2. < - 4> < - 2>. 2 5, 3 2, 4, 5, 6 1. 1 2, 0. (F = 44.2, p <.001), (F = 3.30, p <.05).. Scheffé s multiple range test s 2. 2 3-7,,, 2 4-7, 2 5-7. 3 7, 7., 2, 2 3. 5. < - 4>
SD SD SD SD SD % % % % % 2 4.52 2.56 43 6.51 2.99 34 5.15 2.59 24 5.57 3.03 19 6.80 5.81 28 3 2.28 0.90 65 2.50 0.96 66 2.71 1.57 65 2.85 1.07 43 3.15 1.50 60 4 1.03 0.20 79 1.16 0.21 92 1.46 0.69 80 2.90 3.73 29 1.30 0.36 73 5 0.95 0.25 92 1.11 0.27 94 1.45 0.69 87 1.68 1.16 38 1.39 0.60 75 6 0.87 0.13 98 1.12 0.35 100 1.82 0.97 85 1.56 1.46 45 1.38 0.20 97 7 0.72 0.15 98 0.83 0.21 98 0.90 0.18 90 1.24 1.21 66 0.90 0.14 100. 2, 3 (5 ). (6 ). IV.. 2, 3,. 3 4. 4 7. < - 1> (%)
< - 2> ( ) 2,,, (1982), 3 5 (1972). 2. 3, 4...,,..,.... 2 7 (Clark, 1974; Damasio, 1981; Fillmore, 1979; Johnson, 1981; Keeney & Wolfe, 1972; Rubens, 1979; Schlesinger, 1982).,,... 1, 2 2 10. 1.,
.. 3, 4.. (semantic). 2. (phonological).. Pinker (1984).. NVN (de Villiers & de Villiers, 1978).. 2, 3 NV. (Clark, 1987)., (reversibility ). 3, 4, 5 6. 3, 4, 5... 50%.....
.. (chunk)....,......
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