The Effect of Parent Attachment in Adolescent on Internet Addiction Tendency: The Mediating Effects of Emotional Regulation Ability * Seohyeon Kim Yong-In Mental Hospital Jungkyu Kim Department of Psychology Sungshin Women s University The purpose of this study is to examined the mediating effects of emotional regulation ability between parent attachment and internet addiction tendency. Inventory of parent attachment, internet addiction scale, and emotional regulation ability scale were administered to 500 students in middle and high school in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do and data from 422 students were analyzed. The results of this study are summarized as follows : parent attachment showed a positive correlation with emotional regulation ability, whereas parent attachment showed a negative correlation with internet addiction tendency. Emotional regulation ability showed a negative correlation with internet addiction tendency. Finding in structural equation modeling indicated that emotional regulation ability fully mediates the relation of parent attachment and internet addiction tendency. This study suggests that emotional regulation ability is an important factor in relation of parent attachment and internet addiction tendency. The results implicate that it is necessary to evaluate and intervene in emotional regulation ability in prevention and treatment of internet addiction. Keywords: attachment, internet addiction tendency, emotional regulation, adolescent, mediating effect * This paper is taken in part from the master s thesis of the first author, Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women s University Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Seohyeun Kim, Yong-In Mental Hospital, 940, Jungbu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Tel: 031-288-0266, E-mail: psy_shkim@naver.com
,, (Young, 1996). 1995 (Internet Addiction Disorder: IAD) Goldberg(1996). Young(1996) DSM-IV,,,,,. Young DSM-IV. DSM-5(American Psychiatric Association, 2013) (Internet Gaming Disorder) < >..,. 2014, 5-54, 6.9%, 5.6%, 12.5%, 5.8%, (Korea Agency for Digital Opportunity and Promotion. 2014)., 2011 ( 11)7.9% ( 12) 7.3% ( 13) 6.4% ( 14) 5.6%, ( 11) 6.8% ( 12) 6.0% ( 13) 5.9% ( 14) 5.8% ( 11) 10.4% ( 12) 10.7% ( 13) 11.7% ( 14) 12.5%.,,, (Kim, 2012).,,, (Young, 1996).,, (Lee, Oh, Jo, Hong & Moon, 2001). (Kim, Choi & Yoo, 2010; Ryu, Choi, Seo & Nam, 2004). (Kim, Park, Tak, Kim & Oh, 2013; Lee & Jeon, 2015) (Jo, 2013)..
, -,, - - (Kim, Son, Yang, Cho & Lee, 2007). (Lee & Hong, 2011). Yoo(2009),..,..., (Paterson & Pryor, 1994), -.,. Tice, Bratslavsky Baumeister(2001),,. Hopley Nicki(2010). Gottman Katz(1989),,,. (1), (2), (3), (4),,, (5), (6).,
(Bowlby, 1988). Sroufe Waters(1977).,,. (Borelli et al., 2010). (Kobak & Sceery, 1988; Sroufe, 2005) (Lee & Jeong, 2003).,,..,...,,,?,? 500. 500 480 68 422.. Armsden Greenberg(1987) 10-20 (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment Revised; IPPA-R) Ok(1997). Ok(1997),,,.. (IPPA-R)
,, 3. 25 10, 9, 6. Likert 5.. Ok(1997) (Cronbach s α).93,. 92.92,.91.. Young(1996) Kim, Lee Oh(2003).,,,,. 20 Likert 5 0 100. Young(1998) 20-49 50-79,, 80. Kim, Lee Oh(2003) (Cronbach s α).90,.87 (Cronbach s α).90.. Kim(1998) Son(2007), Oh(2010),.,,,, 5 50. 5 Likert 1-5. Oh(2010) (Cronbach s α).89 (Cronbach s α).89..,,,,,.. (Cronbach s α). Pearson.
., MI(Modification Index) CR(Critical Ratio)., 2 (Bae, 2007).,. sobel. SPSS 18.0.0 AMOS 18.0.0. (73.6%),, (56.6%). 1-2. Table 1., Table 2. 175.73, 29.38 175.14, 20.08. 36.12, 11.80. Young(1998) 20-49 50-79,, 80, 86.7%, 13.1%, 0.2%. 2014 12.5%, (Korea Agency for Digital Opportunity and Promotion, 2014). 422,, 240 (56.9%), 182 (43.1%) 215 (50.9%), 207 (49.1%).,, Table 3. (r=-.22 p<.01)
Male (N=240) Female (N=182) N % N % Middle school student 112 52.1 103 47.9 High school student 128 61.8 79 38.2 E-mail 18 7.5 19 10.4 chatting, messenger 67 28 58 31.9 SNS, blog 61 25.5 103 56.6 Purpose of internet usage study 27 11.3 35 19.2 web searching 81 33.9 87 47.8 internet shopping 24 10 58 31.9 game 176 73.6 29 15.9 nasty sites 16 6.7 4 2.2 other 7 2.9 5 2.7 less than 30 minutes 23 9.6 33 18.1 30 minutes - 1 hour 55 22.9 49 26.9 Time of internet usage per day 1 hour - 2 hours 92 38.3 57 31.3 2 hours - 3 hours 46 19.2 28 15.4 3 hours - 5 hours 21 8.8 10 5.5 more than 5hours 3 1.3 5 2.7 variables M SD Range of measuring points Attachment 175.73 29.38 88-242 Emotional Regulation Ability 175.14 20.08 116-238 Internet Addiction Tendency 36.12 11.80 20-84., (r=-.18, p<.01), (r=-.22, p<.01). (r=.42, p<.01)
1 1-1 1-2 2 3 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 1. Attachment 1 1-1. father attachment.94 ** 1 1-2. mother attachment.94 **.74 ** 1 2. Internet Addiction Tendency -.22 ** -.18 ** -.22 ** 1 3. Emotional Regulation Ability.42 **.38 **.40 ** -.26 ** 1 3-1. Self-Awareness.27 **.24 **.27 ** -.12 *.74 ** 1 3-2. Managing Emotions.33 **.31 **.32 ** -.19 **.67 **.35 ** 1 3-3. Self-Motivation.33 **.31 **.31 ** -.25 **.76 **.45 **.47 ** 1 3-4. Empathy.27 **.24 **.28 ** -.17 **.75 **.44 **.41 **.42 ** 1 3-5. Handling Relationships.31 **.29 **.30 ** -.19 **.71 **.46 **.24 **.37 **.48 ** 1, (r=.38, r=.40, p<.01). (r=-.26, p<.01). 5 (r=-.25, p<.01).. ( ) ( ) Figure 1 Figure 2. χ² χ². χ² Hong(2000) GFI (Goodness of Fit), CFI(Comparative Fit Index), TLI (Tucker-Lewis Index), RMSEA(Root Mean Squate Error of Approximation). χ²,, Table 4., RMSEA.074 GFI, CFI, TLI.90.,
χ² df P GFI CFI TLI RMSEA Full Mediation Model 109.42 33.000.951.950.932.074 Partial Mediation Model 106.32 32.000.953.951.932.074.. 1 3.101 p<.05 (χ²= 3.101, df=1, p<.05).,.. Table 5., Path Unstandardized β S.E. Standardized β C.R. Attachment Emotional Regulation Ability 1.35.017.509 7.847 *** Emotional Regulation Ability -2.30.046 -.313-5.014 *** Internet Addiction Tendency Note. S.E. = Standard Error; C.R. = Critical Ratio. *** p <.001.
., Figure 3. β=.509(p<.001), β=-.313(p<.001). sobel test, (Z=-42.31, p<.001).., 500 422..,, (r=-.22) (r=.42). (r=-.18), (r=-.22) (r=.38), (r=.40). (r=-.26). (Choi, 2003; Jung, 2010; Kim, 2005). Lee(2009)
Ahn(2003) Jung(2005)., Lee, Lee Jang (2013),,., (r=-.25). Goleman(1995),,,, 5,. Goleman(1995),..,., Lee Hong(2011), Lee, Lee Jang(2013), Mok(2004).., No(2008), No(2008)..,,,, (Young, 1996),.
.., (Keum, Jung, & Shin, 2015).., Lee(2013),, Lee Kim(2013).,, Kim(2015),.,,...,,,,..,.,,.,..,,,
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