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1 KISEP Review Article Korean J Child & Adol Psychiatr 15:28~39 애착의평가 THE MEASUREMENT OF ATTACHMENT 이경숙 * Kyung Sook Lee, Ph.D. * 요약 중심단어 영유아기의애착평가 1. 낯선상황절차 (SSP;The Strange Situation Procedure) Department of Rehabilitation, Hanshin University, Osan

2 - - - Table 1. SSP 절차와내용 1, 30. 2, 3,, 2. 3, , 3. 5, , ,

3 - Table 2. 비조직 / 비정향적애착유형분류도식 1.? a.. b.? 2. a. b. 3 D-like D. 3..,, D. disorganization disorientation Sequential Display of Contradictory Behavior Patterns 2. Simultaneous Display of Contradictory Behavior Patterns 3.,,, Undirected, Misdirected, Incomplete, and Interrupted Movements and Expressions 4.,, Stereotypies, Asymmetrical Movements, Mistimed Movements, and Anomalous Postures 5.,, Freezing, Stilling, and Slowed Movements and Expressions 6. Direct Indices of Apprehension regarding the parent 7. Direct Indices of Disorganization or Disorientation

4 2. 애착 Q-Set(AQS;Attachment Q-Sort) 유아 / 아동기애착평가 1. Cassidy- Marvin의애착유형체계

5 Table 3. 애착문제아동을의미있게구분해주는애착 Q-set 문항예 , PAA(Preschool Assessment of Attachment) - 3. Main과 cassidy의유치원연령아동의애착유형

6 4. 인형놀이 (Doll play) 를통한애착유형 Table 4. 그림에나타난싸인에따른가족그림체크유형 A C / Aor C / /D,, - 5. 가족그림검사를통한애착유형 아동기 / 청소년기애착평가 1. IPPA(Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment)

7 청소년기 / 성인기애착평가 1. 성인애착면접 (AAI;The Adult Attachment Interview)

8 Table 5. 성인애착유형 AAI 과영유아애착유형의관련성 애착과관련된성인의심리상태 AAI 안정 / 자율 FSecure/Autonomous... Grice. 무시 DsDismissing..,. Grice. transcripts. 몰입 EPreoccupied. /.,., dadadada. Grice. transcripts,. 미해결 U/dUnresolved/disorganized.,.. Ds, E F. 유아의낯선상황행동 SSP 안정 BSecure 회피 AAvoidant...,,..... 저항 CResistsnt.,.... 비조직 / 비정향 DDisorganized/disoriented.,,.. A, B C

9 2. 낭만적애착을측정하는애착양식질문지 (ASQ:Attachment Style Questionnaires) Table 6. A A I 문항내용 01..,, , ??? 06.,,? a? b? c? 07..? 08.? 08a.? 09.?. 10.?? 11.? 12.,?? 13.,? 13a.,? 13b.? ? 16.? 17.? ? 19.? 20.?

10 References 1) Ainsworth MDS, Blehar M, Waters E, Wall S. Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum; ) Main M, Solomon J. Discovery of an insecure disorganized/disoriented attachment pattern. IN: Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, Research & Intervention. Ed by Greenberg MT, Cicchetti D, Cummings E. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press; ) Main M, Cassidy J. Categories of response to reunion with the parent at age 6: Predictable from infant attachment classifications and stable over a 1-momth period. Developmental Psychology 1988;24: ) George C, Kaplan N, Main M. Adult Attachment Interview. Unpublished protocol, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley; ) Lewis M, Feiring C, McGuffog C, Jaskir J. Predicting psychopathology in six-year-olds from early social relations. Child Development 1984;55: ) Sroufe LA. Infant-caregiver attachment and patterns of adaptation in preschool: The roots of maladaptation and competence. In: Minnesota Symposium in Child Psychology(Vol. 16). Ed by Perlumtter M, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; ) Troy M, Sroufe LA. Victimization among preschoolers: Role of attachment relationship history. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1987;26: ) Lyons-Ruth K. Attachment relationships among children with aggressive behavior problems: The role of disorganized early attachment patterns. Journal of Consulting and Clinical psychology 1996;64: ) Carlson EA. A prospective longitudinal study of disorganized/disoriented attachment. Child Development 1998; 69: ) Ogawa JR, Sroufe LA, Weinfield NS, Carlson E, Egeland B. Development and the fragmented self: Longitudinal study of dissociative symptomatology in a nonclinical sample. Developmental Psychopathology 1997;9: ) Liotti G. Disorganized/disoriented attachment in the etiology of dissociative disorders. Dissociation 1992;4: ) Zeanah CH, Jr, Mammen OK, Lieberman AF. Disorders of attachment. In C. H. Zeanah, Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of infant Mental health (pp ). New York: Guilford press ) Grossmann K, Grossmann KE, Spangler G, Suess G, Unzer L. Maternal sensitivity and newborn s orientation responses as related to quality of attachment in northern Germany. In I. Bretherton & E. Waters (Eds.), Growing points of attachment theory and research. Monographs of the Society for Resesearch in Child Development 1985;50(1-2, serial No, 209): ) Waters E, Dean KE. Defining and assessing individual differences in attachment relationships: Q-methodolgy and the organization of behavior in infancy and eary childhood. Monographs of the society research in child development, 1985;50(1-2, Serial No, 209). 15) Posada G, Waters E, Crowell JA, Lay KL. Is it easier to use secure mother as a secure base: attachment Q-sort correlates of the adult attachment interview. Monographs of the Society for Reserch in Child Development 1995;60: ) Bretherton I, Ridgeway D, Cassidy J. The role of internal working models in the attachment relationship: Can it be studied in three-year-olds? In Greenberg M, Cic

11 chetti D, Cummings EM(Eds.). Attachment in the preschool years, Chicago: University of Chicago Press;1990. p ) Vaughn BE, Waters E. Attachment behavior at home and in the laboratory: Q-sort observations and strange situation classifications of one-year olds. Child Development 1990;61: ) Denham S. Child competence and maternal emotional socialization correlated with attachment Q-sorts. Paper presented at annual meetings of the American Psychological Association, New York ; ) Howes P, Segal J. Children s Relationships with Alternative Caregiver: The Special Case of Maltreated childeren Removed from their Home. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 1993: ) 송지윤, 이경숙, 김태련. 애착장애아의애착 Q-Set 에관한연구. 한국심리학회지 : 발달 1997;10: ) Cassidy J, Marvin RS. Attachment organization in preschool children: Coding guidelines (3rd ed.). Unpublished manuscuipt, MacArthur Working Group on Attachment, Seattle, WA; ) Crittenden PM. Preschool Assessment of Attachment. Unpublished manuscuipt, Family Relations Institute, Miami, Fl; ) Cassidy J, Marvin RS. Attachment organization in preschool children: Coding guidelines (2nd ed.). Unpublished manuscript, MacArthur Working Group on Attachment, seattle, WA; ) Cicchetti D, Barnett D. Attachment organization in maltreated preschoolers. Development and psychopathology 1991;3: ) 신의진, 이순행, 이경숙, 전여숙, 노경선, 민성길. 반응성애착장애아동의애착유형. 신경정신의학 1996; 35: ) Crittenden PM. Preschool Assessment of Attachment (2nd ed.). Unpublished manuscuipt, Family Relations Institute, Miami, Fl; ) George C, Solomon J. Six-year attachment doll play procedures and classification system. Unpublished manuscript, Mills College, Oakland, CA; ) Fonagy Peter, Leigh Tom, Steele M, Steele H, Kennedy R, Mattoon G, Target M, Gerber A. The relation of Attachment status, psychiatric classification and response to psychotherapy. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology 1996;64: ) Main M. Attachment: A move to the level of respresentation. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Toronto; ) Kaplan N, Main M. Instructions for the classification of children s family drawing in terms of representation of attachment. Berkeley: University of California; ) Fury G, Carlson EA, Sroufe LA. Children s Representations of Attachment Relationships in Family Drawings. Child Development 1997;68: ) Armsden GC, Greenberg MT. The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment: Individual differences and their relationshop to psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, Attachment in the preschool years (pp161-82). Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press; ) Hamilton CE. Contiuity and discontinuity of attachment from infancy through adolescence. manuscript submitted for publication; ) Kaplan N, Main M. Children s internal representations of attachment as seen in family drawings and in the separation anxiety interview. In M. Main(Chair), Attachment: A move to the level of representation. Symposium presented at the meeting of the Society for Research in Chils Development, Toronto; ) Grice P. Logic and conversation. IN: Syntax and Semantics III: Speech Acts. Ed by Cole P & Moran JL, New York Academic Press; ) Grice P. Studies in the way of words. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; ) Dozier M. Attachment organization and treatment use for adults with serious psychopathological disorders. Development and Psychopathololgy 1990;2: ) Van IJzendoorn MH. Adult attachment representations, parental responsiveness and infant attachment: A metaanalysis on the predictive validity of the Adult Attachemnt Interview, Psychological Bulletin 1995;117: ) Fanagy P, Leigh T, Steele M, Steele H, Kennedy R, Mattoon G, Target M, Gerber A. The relation of attachment status, psychiatric classification, and response to psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1996;64: ) Main M, Goldwyn R. Adult attachment Classification System. Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Berkeley; ) Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Van IJzendoorn MH. A Psychometric Study of the adult attachment Interview: Reliability and Discriminant Validity. Developmental Psychology 1993;29:

12 42) Sagi A, van IJzendoorn MH, Scharf M, Koren-Karie, Nina, Joels, Tirtsa, Mayseless O. Stability and Discriminant Validity of the Adult attachment Interview: A Psychometric Study in Young Isi Adults. Developmental Psychology 1994;30: ) Main M. A move to the level of representation in the study of attachment organization Implications for psychoanalysis. Bulletin of the British Psycho-analytical Association;1994. p ) Ainsworth MDS, Eichberg C. Effects on infant-mother attachment of mother s unreserolved loss of an attachment figure, or other traumatic experience. In Parkes CM, J. Stevenson-Hinde, Marris P(Eds.). Attachment across the life cycle, London: Routledge 1991; ) Main M. Attachment: Overview with implications for clinical work. In S. Goldberg, R. Muir & J. Kerr (Eds.), Attachment theory: Social, developmental, and clinical perspectives (p ). Hill sdale, NJ: Analytic press ) Main M, Hesse E. Parents unresolved traumatic experiences are realted to infant disorganized attachment atates: Is frighted and/or frightening parental behavior are linking mechanism? in M.T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti., & E.M. Cummings (Eds.). Attachment in the preschool years (pp ). Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press ) Rosenstein DS, Horowitz HA. Adolescent attachment and psychopathology. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1996;64: ) 최해훈, 이경숙, 김태련. 영아의애착유형과성인의애착표상유형에관한연구. 한국심리학회지 : 발달 1998;11: ) 이경숙, 신의진, 김혜연. 아동의정신병리와어머니의성인애착표상유형 (AAI) 에관한연구. 한국심리학회지 : 발달 1999;12: ) 이경숙, 엄혜련, 정영윤. 잠재된비행청소년의애착유형 (AAI) 에따른아동기양육경험과문제행동. 한국심리학회연차학술대회논문집 ; ) Weiss, R. Attachment in adult life. In C. M. Parkes, J. Stevenson-Hinde, & P. Marris (Eds.), Attachment across the life cycle (pp ). London: Routledge; ) Hazen C, Shaver PR. Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1987;52: ) Crowell JA, Treboux D, Waters E. The Adult Attachment Interview and the Relationship Questionnaire: Relations to reports of mathers and partners. Personal Relationships. In press ) Carlson K, Onishi M, Gjerde P. Assessment of romantic attachment: Comparison of self-report and interview methodologies. Paper Presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Chicago;1997. ABSTRACT Korean J Child & Adol Psychiatr 15:28~39, 2004 THE MEASUREMENT OF ATTACHMENT Kyung Sook Lee, Ph.D. Department of Rehabilitation, Hanshin University, Osan The author reviewed various psychological measures of attachment types and variation on developmental stage approaches. Also, the point of reliabilities and validities of the measures were reviewed. SSP and AQS introduced first in infancy. Cassidy-Marvin s attachment type system, Crittenden s PAA, Main & Cassidy s attachment system, Doll play techniques and Family drawing analyses of attachment types introduced secondly for preschooler. IPPA for parent and peer attachment introduced for Childhood/Adolescence. Finally, AAI and ASQ for romantic attachment explained for adulthood. KEY WORDS:Attachment Psychological measures SSP AAI IPPA AQS ASQ Doll playtest

초기부모애착척도

초기부모애착척도 담학연구 (Early Parental Attachment Scale: EPAS). 50.,, 20 241-9, 9 18. -,. 302 2,., - -,,. - -.. -. 7 Likert -.91,.93, -.89,.90.. (Corresponding Author): / / 31 70 Tel: 02-570-7115 / E-mail: zeebee33@naver.com