표 4

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "표 4"

경숙 순
5 years ago
Views:

1 * Cushway (1996) (MHPSS) (K-CSS). MHPSS. K-CSS, 269 MHPSS,,,., K-CSS 4 (,,, ) 36., K-CSS,. K-CSS,, K-CSS, K-CSS. K-CSS,. * (Corresponding Author): / / Tel: / isohwa@dreamwiz.com

2 ,,, (Barnett et al., 2007)., (Cooper, 1986). (Maslach, Schaufeli, & Leiter, 2001). Pope, Tabachnick Keith-Speigel(1987: Feliciano, 2005 ) 62.2% (distress), 85%.. (Corey, 1991/1996), (Hubble, Duncan, & Millor, 1999),,, (Mark & Stebnicki, 2008/2010) (, 1996), (,, 2000;, 2003),. Freudenberger(1974) (Gray, 1982; Hellman, Morrison & Abramowitz, 1987; Maslach & Jackson, 1981; Wise, 1985), 1990,, (Figley, 1995; McCann & Pearlman, 1990). (self-care) (,, 2012). (, 2003), (, 2001;, 2002;,,, 2002),, (,,, 2011;,, 2012;, 2008;, 2009).. (,, 2003).

3 (D'Souza, Egan, & Rees, 2011; Mills & Huebner, 1998; Ross et al., 1989). 36%, 32.9% (Guy, Poelstra & Stark, 1989)., (,, 1991). (Parker & DeCotiis, 1983), (Hunter & Thatcher, 2007). (, 2002). (2009),,.,,,,,,, (Cushway, Tyler & Nolan, 1996; Farber & Heifetz, 1981, 1982; Shinn et al., 1984). (Cushway et al., 1996)., 5 Hellman (1987), Cushway (1996). (,., 2010)., (Teacher Occupational Stress Questionnaire), Gray(1982) (Counselor Occupational Stress Inventory) Wise (1985) (School Psychologist and Stress Inventory).. Maslach (1981) MBI(Maslach Burnout Inventory), (burnout) (Cushway et al., 1996). Cushway (1996) (Cushway, 1992; Cushway & Tyler, 1994; Dawkins, Depp & Selzer, 1985; Hellman et al., 1987)

4 , Mental Health Professionals Stress Scale (MHPSS).,,, Cushway (1996), MHPSS (General Health Questionnaire-28), (Symptom Checklist-90-Revision),,. MHPSS (Sorgaard, Ryan, & Dawson, 2010; Jenkins & Elliott, 2004), (Brady et al., 2012; Sɵrgaard et al., 2007; King, 2009), (Delardo, 2007; Feliciano, 2005),. Mehrotra, Rao Subbakrishna(2000) MHPSS Cushway (1996).,,,, 4, MHPSS.,....,. 30..,,,. MHPSS

5 . MHPSS 7, 42. MHPSS,,,.,.,,,,. 16 (5.9%). 65 (24.25), 61 (22.7%), 49 (18.2%), 31 (11.5%), 25 (9.3%), 17 (6.3%), 9 (3.35), 7 (2.6%), 5 (1.9%). 180 (66.9%), 89 (33.1%), (67.8%), 44 (16.4%), 24 (8.9%), 14 (5.2%), 4 (1.5%). 20 (7.4%), 249 (92.6%), 34.75, (56.1%), 111 (41.3%), 5 (1.8%) ( 5 2 ), (22 ), , 44.88, ( ) ,, MHPSS, 2, 15.,,. 128 (47.6%), 75 (27.9%), 13 (4.8%), 25 (9.3%), 12 (4.5%), (Korean Counselor Stress Scale; K-CSS) Cushway (1996) MHPSS.., MHPSS 1., 1 2., 2 2.,

6 .,, 4 25., 28..,,,,,, Likert (0=, 3= ). Cushway (1996) (Cronbach α).77,.74,.81,.77,.60,.87,.61,.87. (Korean Counselor Burnout Inventory; K-CBI) K-CSS, Lee (2007: Yu, Lee, & Nesbit, 2008 ) CBI Yu (2008).,,,, 5, Likert (0=, 4= ). Yu (2008) (Cronbach α).83,.85,.83,.81,.78,.92,.84,.91,.87,.88,.86,.95. K-CSS, (1994). Scarpello Campbell(1983:, 1994 ), (1992:, 1994 ) (1991:, 1994 ),,,, 5, Likert (1=, 7= ). (1994) (Cronbach α).87,.78,.79,.68,.44,.91,.93,.82,.86,.82,.61,.95. (Social Desirability Scale).

7 Crown Marlowe(1964:, 1998 ) /,.. (1988) (Cronbach α).74,.64.. (, ), 1, (64%), 85, 619. SurveyASP 1,, , 50, 232., 81, 54 66%. 286, 15 5, 1 10, K-CSS SPSS 18.0, (principal axis factoring), VARIMAX (parallel analysis). K-CSS AMOS 18. K-CSS (Cronbach α),,..,,,,,. K-CSS. Cushway (1996) Mehrotra (2000),

8 (, 1994)., Barlett (p <.001), KMO.964. K-CSS 42 VARIMAX. 1 6, 1, 2. 4, , 2. 3, 4,,. (1999).30, , 5, 30, 33, 38, 42 (Safren, Truk, & Heimberg, 1997), 36 K-CSS, % 1. K-CSS AMOS 18 Cushway (1996) 42 7, χ 2, χ 2 (, 2000). RMSEA.06, (Hu & Bentler, 1999), NNFI CFI.90 (Bentler, 1990). CFI..870, NNFI.853, NFI.792, RMSEA χ 2, CFI.915, NNFI.904, NFI.839, RMSEA K-CSS Cushway (1996) , (.74 ~.82)...

9 ( ) , ( ) , / ( ) / ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (.,, ) (.,, ) ( ) N=266. 1= ; 2= ; 3= ; 4 =

χ 2 df p CFI NNFI NFI RMSEA 7 1820.090 798.000.870.853.792.069 4 1127.

10 χ 2 df p CFI NNFI NFI RMSEA K-CSS,.90,.89,.92,.94,.97.. (r=.111).. K-CSS,

11 ., K-CSS,., K-CSS,,,,,,,. K-CSS,,,,,,,,,,,,.,. 3.,,,,,, 4.,.,,,,. K-MHPSS **.506**.650**.488**.642** **.423**.725**.441**.604** **.653**.533**.697**.691** **.524**.608**.562**.639** **.414**.512**.467**.579** **.611**.721**.645**.760** ** -.484** -.263** -.442** -.408** ** -.343** -.165** -.315** -.290** ** -.364** -.086** -.209** -.223** ** -.212** -.085** -.315** -.202** ** -.362** -.136** -.166** -.217** ** -.471** -.207** -.382** -.363**. *p <.05, **p <.01 K-CSS( ) ( ) ( )

12 1..165** * -.122* -.150* ** ** * * 5. K-CSS.176** -.145* *p <.05, **p <.01 (, ) K-CSS( ).,,,,.,,,,..,, ( 5 ). (MHPSS) * ** ** ** * K-MHPSS -.269** *p <.05, **p <.01 K-CSS( )

13 ,,,,,,.., K-CSS 7 4,., 7 MHPSS K-CSS,,. Mehrotra (2000),.,., K-CSS MHPSS. MHPSS, /... (Gray, 1982; Wise, 1985). K-CSS MHPSS,. (,, ) 21.5%, (, 2003). (, 1997) (,, 2002). MHPSS, K-CSS..,, (1998a)., K-CSS,, K-CSS.

14 (D'Souza, et al., 2011; Jenkins et al., 2004; Mills et al. 1998). K-CSS, (, 2008;, 2005; Cushway et al., 1996)., K-CSS.,,,,,.,.,,,,, (, 2003).,,. (Cushway et al., 1994; Feliciano, 2005), (Farber et al., 1981, 1982)..,,. (Cushway et al., 1994),.. (, 2005), (, 2006)..,, (Darongkamas, Burton & Cushway, 1994; Norcross, Dryden, & DeMichele, 1992) (, 2009). K-CSS.,., (, 1998b)

15 K-CSS. (, 2003),.,... K-CSS.., MBI,.,. (2001).,., (1991) ,, (2011).. (2), ,, (2010).. (3), (1994).,. (2008).. (2), (2006).. (2), , (2012). :. (6), (2005).,. (2005).,. (1),

16 , (2002).,. (2), , (2000). : (1994).. (1), (1988).,. (1996). (pp ). :. (2008).. (2), (2009).,. (1999).. (2), (2003). : (1988~2003). (4), (1998a).,,,,. (1), (1998b). :. (1), (2002).. (1), (1997). :, PP :., (2002).,, :,. (1), (2003).,. (2003).. (2), ,, (2002).. (3), (2009).. (1), 1-19., (2003).,. (2), , (2012).. (2), (2000).. (1), Barnett, E. B., Baker, E. K., Elman, N. S., & Schoener, G. R. (2007). In pursuit of wellness: the self-care imperative. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38(6),

17 Brady, S., O'Connor, N., Burgermeister, D., & Hanson, P. (2012). The impact of mindfulness meditation in promoting a culture of safety on an acute psychiatric unit. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 48(3), Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indices in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, Cooper, Cary L. (1986). Job distress: Recent research and the emerging role of the clinical occupational psychologist. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 39(9), Corey, G. (1996). {Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherap}. (, ). :. ( 1991 ). Cushway, D. (1992). Stress in clinical psychologists trainees. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31, Cushway, D., & Tyler, P. (1994). Stress and coping in clinical psychologists. Stress Medicine, 10, Cushway, D., Tyler, P. A., & Nolan, P. (1996). Development of a stress scale for mental health professionals. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35(2), Dawkins, J. E., Depp, F. C., & Selzer, N. E. (1985). Stress & the psychiatric nurse. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing Mental Health Services, 23, Darongkamas, J., Burton, M. V., & Cushway, D. (1994). The use of personal therapy by clinical psychologists working in the NHS in the United Kingdom. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 1(3), Delardo, J. L. (2007). Career stress and satisfaction of psychologists across practice settings. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Chestnut Hill College. D'Souza, F., Egan, S., & Rees, C. (2011). The relationship between perfectionism, stress and burnout in clinical psychologists. Behaviour Change, 28(1), Farber, B. A., & Heifetz, L. J. (1981). The satisfactions and stresses of psychotherapeutic work: A factor analytic study. Professional Psychology, 12, Farber, B. A., & Heifetz, L. J. (1982). The process and dimensions of burnout in psychotherapists. Professional Psychology, 13, Feliciano, L. E. M. (2005) Coping, social support, biculturalism, and religious coping as moderators of the relationship between occupational stress and depressive affect among Hispanic psychologists. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park. Figley, C. R. (1995). Compassion fatigue: secondary traumatic stress disorders from treating the traumatized. New York: Brunner/Mazel. Freudenberger, H. J. (1974). Staff burn-out. Journal of Social Issues, 30(1), Gray, P. (1982). Development of a counselor occupational stress inventory (Doctoral dissertation, University of Auburn). Disertation Abstracts International, 43(6A). Guy, J. D., Poelstra, P. L., & Stark, M. J. (1989). Personal distress and therapeutic effectiveness: National survey of psychologists practicing psychotherapy. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 20(1), Hellman, I. D., Morrison, T. L., & Abramowitz, S. I. (1987). Therapist experience and the stresses of

18 psychotherapeutic work. Psychotherapy, 24, Hu, L. Z., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, Hubble, M. A., Duncan, B. L., & Millor, S. D. (1999). The heart and Soul of Change. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Hunter, L. W., & Thatcher, S. M. B. (2007). Feeling the heat: Effects of stress, commitment, and job experience. Academy of Management Journal, 50(4), Jenkins, R., & Elliott, P. (2004). Stressors, burnout and support: nurses in acute mental health settings. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48(6), King, R. (2009). Caseload management, work-related stress and case manager self-efficacy among Victorian mental health case managers. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43, Mark, A., Stebnicki (2008). {Empathy fatigue}. ( ). : ( 2008 ). Maslach & Jackson (1981). Maslach burnout inventory manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Reviews of Psychology, 52, McCann, L., & Pearlman, L. A. (1990). Vicarious traumatization: A framework for understanding the psychological effects of working with victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3, Mehrotra, S., Rao, K., & Subbakrishna, D. K. (2000). Factor structure of the mental health professionals stress scale(mhpss) among clinical psychologists in India. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 46(2), Mills, Lane B., & Huebner, E. Scott (1998). A prospective study of personality characteristics, occupational stressors, and burnout among school psychology practitioners. Journal of School Psychology, 36(1), Norcross, J. C., W. Dryden, & J. T. DeMichele (1992). British clinical psychotherapists and personal therapy: What's good for the goose? Clinical Psychology Forum, 44(1), Parker, D. F., & DeCotiis, T. A. (1983). Organizational determinants of job stress. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 32(2), Ross, Randall R., Altmaier, Elizabeth M., & Russell, Daniel W. (1989). Job stress, social support, and burnout among counseling center staff. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36(3), Safren, S. A., Truk, C. L., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997). Factor structure of the social interaction anxiety scale and the social phobia scale. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(4), Sɵrgaard, K. W., Ryan, R., Hill, R., Dawson, I., & the OSCAR group (2007). Sources of stress and burnout in acute psychiatric care: inpatient vs. community staff. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 42, Shinn, M., Rosario, M., Morch, H., & Chestnut, D. E. (1984). Coping with job stress and burnout in the human services. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), Sorgaard, K. W., Ryan, P., & Dawson, L. (2010).

19 Qualified and unqualified (N-R-C) mental health nursing staff-minor difference in sources of stress and burnout. A European multi-centre study. BMC Health Services Research, June biomedcentral.com/ /10/163 Wise, P. S. (1985). School psychologists' rankings of stressful events. Journal of School psychology, 23, Yu, K. Lee., Lee, S. M., & Nesbit, E. A. (2008). Development of a culturally valid counselor burnout inventory for Korean counselors. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 41(3), : : :

20 Validation of the Counselor Stress Scale on Samples of Korean Counselors Hanam-Si Social Welfare Center Konkuk University This study examined validity of the Korean translated version of the Mental Health Professionals Stress Scale(Cushway et al., 1996). The MHPSS was developed to identify specific sources of stress amongst mental health professionals. The data for this study obtained by using Korean translated version of the MHPSS, the Korean-Counselor Burnout Inventory, the job satisfaction and the social desirability scale were administered to counseling center counselors(n=269) in Korea. The results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that 4-factor(workload, organizational-related difficulties, counseling-related difficulties and relationships conflicts), 36-item scale fits better responses to K-CSS than the original MHPSS 7-factor, 42-item scale. The results of correlation analysis, K-CSS were positive relationships with the K-CBI and negative relationships with the job satisfaction. The outcomes of this study provide preliminary support for the translated version of the MHPSS with counselors in Korea. Finally this study showed a significance and suggested the limit of this study and the further study. Key words : counselor, counselor stress scale, validation, job stress

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( )

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α=.83.91.,.,,..,,,.,. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ..,.,.,. Bandura(1997),.,,,,., (,,, 2009), (,,,, 2014).?.,,,.. Bandura (1995) (Resiliency