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1 , :. CQS,. 143 CQS, CQS. CQS, CQS.. :,, 366 Tel : , kei0@snu.ac.kr

2 21. SNS,..,, ( : Lubart, 1990; Markus & Kitayama, 1991).,,. (Ang, Van Dyne, Koh, Ng, Templer, Tay, & Chandrasekar, 2007)., (cultural intelligence: CQ) (Ng, Van Dyne, & Ang, 2012).,,.,, 1).,, (, 2007). 25 (,, 2014). (,,, 2010). (,, 2007),, (, 2005). 1) (,,, )

3 .. CQS,.,.. (Kanter, 1995; Ng et al., 2012). Early Ang(2003). Sternberg Detterman(1986). Sternberg (1986),,,. (meta-cognition). (cognition) (motivation) ( ),,. (behavior). Sternberg (1986).,,. Early (2003).,,, ( ).,,, ( ),.

4 (meta-cognitive CQ -, CQ-strategy), (cognitive CQ -, CQ-knowledge), (motivational CQ -, CQ-drive), (behavioral CQ -, CQ-action) (Early et al., 2003; Van Dyne, Ang, & Koh, 2008). ( ) (Ng, Van Dyne, & Ang, 2009a, 2009b). (planning), (awareness), (checking) (Van Dyne, Ang, Ng, Rockstuhl, Tan, & Koh, 2012)....,,. (Van Dyne et al., 2012). (Rockstuhl, Seiler, Ang, Van Dyne, & Annen, 2011; Van Dyne et al., 2008).,,,,,, (Ng et al., 2012; Van Dyne et al., 2012). (Early et al., 2003; Reichard, Dollwet, & Louw-Potgieter, 2013)..,, (Van Dyne et al., 2012).,, (Van Dyne et al., 2012).,,,.,.

5 .. Ang (2007) (Cultural Intelligence Scale: CQS). 40 ( 10 ) , 4, 5. cronbach's α.72,.87,.76,.83. Ang (2007) 20 CQS χ (df = 164) RMSEA.08, CFI (df = 164) χ 2.05 RMSEA,.96 CFI CQS (Ang et al., 2007; Van Dyne et al., 2008). CQ (Moon, 2010), (Rockstuhl et al., 2011) (Groves & Feyerherm, 2011; Imai & Gelfand, 2010). cronbach's α (Matsumoto & Hwang, 2013). CQS 5 (Ang, Van Dyne, Koh, 2006), MPQ (Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire) (Fischer, 2011). CQS (Ang et al., 2007; Rockstuhl et al., 2011). CQS. CQS (Chen, Lin, & Sawangpattanakul, 2011; Lee & Sukoco, 2010; Templer, Tay, & Chandrasekar, 2006). CQS (Ang et al., 2007) (Ramsey, Leonel, Gomes, & Monteiro, 2011) (Rockstuhl et al., 2011).

6 CQS (Imai et al., 2010), (Groves et al., 2011)...?. CQS CQS 5,,,, (Ang et al., 2006)... (Ang et al., 2007; Rockstuhl et al., 2011) (Hodges, Watchravesringkan, Karpova, Hegland, O 'Neal, & Kadolph, 2011). ( : Ang et al., 2007)..., (, 2014). ( ).. CQS 5.

7 ,. CQS. CQS. (, 2012; Sandhu & Asrabadi, 1994), (, MorrisTony,, 2013; Koyama, 2005), (, 2011)., 143.,..,.,. 64 (44.8%) 79 (55.2%) %. 59 (41.3%), 84 (58.7%) Ang (2007) ( ). 4, 6, 5.

8 ....,..,..... CQS. Sandhu Asrabadi (1994) (Acculturative Stress Scale for International Student: ASSIS) (1995)., 36.,,,,,,. cronbach's α.95. CQS Schaufeli, Martinez, Pinto, Salanova Bakker(2002) MBI-SS (Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey) Lee Larson(2010). (Exhaustion) 5, (Cynicism) 4, (Professional Efficacy) 6 3. cronbach's α.87. CQS Diener, Emmons, Larsen Griffin(1985) (Satisfaction with Life Scale: SWLS) (1998) (2009) 5. cronbach's α John Srivastava(1999) BFI(Big Five Inventory), (2011). BFI,,,,

9 15. cronbach's α.69,.79,.82,.89, (Cronbach's α) χ (df = 164, p <.001) RMSEA.073, CFI ,.285,.292,.314. CQS. 2 CQS,,,. Cronbach's α ** **.545 ** **.498 **.636 ** -.92 ** p <.01

10 ** **.214 * ** **.326 ** ** **.205 * * p <.05, ** p <.05 (Ang et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2011; Ramsey et al., 2011).. 5. Ang (2006). Kim Van Dyne(2012), Ng (2009b).. 5.,, (0) (1), (0) (1), (0) (1). 1 R B(SE) β B(SE) β.167(.086) (.086) (.091) (.094) (.100) (.099) (.100) (.102) (.084) (.086) (.134) (.137) (.021) (.135) (.035) (.241) R 2 =.114 ΔR 2 =.114 * 2 R =.159 ΔR 2 =.045. VIF 10. * p <.05 (ΔR 2 =.114, p =.011, R 2 =.075),,, 2 R 2 ( 3). β (β =.183, p =.054) (β = -.155, p =.089), (β =.177, p =.071) p <.1.,

11 (ΔR 2 =.212, p <.001, R 2 =.177) 2(ΔR 2 =.079, p =.008, R 2 =.236). 2 β.., B(SE) β B(SE) β.157(.080) (.078) (.086) (.086).208 *.065(.094) (.091) (.094) (.093) (.079) ** -.223(.079) ** -.131(.126) (.125) (.019) * -.409(.123) **.014(.032) (.220) B(SE) β B(SE) β.222(.074).227 **.207(.075).212 **.163(.078).150 *.197(.082).183 *.141(.086) (.087) (.086).254 **.281(.089).247 ** -.191(.072) ** -.179(.075) * -.251(.116) * -.274(.119) * -.018(.018) (.118) (.030) (.210) R 2 =.212 ΔR 2 =.212 ** 2 R =.290 ΔR 2 =.079 ** R 2 =.430 ΔR 2 =.430 ** 2 R =.444 ΔR 2 =.014. VIF 10. * p <.05, ** p <.01. VIF 10. * p <.05, ** p <.01

12 ,,. 1 2 B(SE) β B(SE) β.109(.081) (.081) (.086).168 *.216(.089).211 *.102(.095) (.094) (.095) (.097) (.079) ** -.234(.082) **.099(.127) (.130) (.020) (.128) (.033) (.229) R 2 =.231 ΔR 2 =.231 ** 2 R =.261 ΔR 2 =.030. VIF 10. * p <.05, ** p <.01. ( 6).. CQS, CQS (Ang et al., 2007; Moon, 2010) (Chen et al., 2011; Lee et al., 2010; Ramsey et al., 2011).,,,. CQS 4. Ang (2007).. Ang (2007)

13 (, ).. CQS,, ( )..,.,, ( ) ( )... ( ) ( )....,,...

14 . CQS CQS,..,... CQS.,.,. CQS,,, (Cox, 1993; Kim et al., 2012; O'Reilly & Chatman1996)...,,,.

15 (2012).., (2014).., (2005)..,, (2011). BFI. (1), (2011).., (2007).. (1), , MorrisTony, (2013).,, (1), ,, (2010).. (1), (1995).. (2007).. (2009).., (1998). :. Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., & Koh, C. (2006). Personlality correlates of the four-factor model of cultural intelligence. Group & Organization Management, 31, Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., Koh C., Ng, K. Y., Templer, K. J., Tay, C., & Chandrasekar, N. A. (2007). Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation and task performance. Management and Organization Review, 3, Chen, A. S. -y., Lin, Y. -c., & Sawangpattanakul, A. (2011). The relationship between cultural intelligence and performance with the mediating effect of culture shock: A case from Philippine laborers in Taiwan. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35, Cox, T. (1993). Cultural diversity in organizations: Theory, research and practice. SF: Berrett- Koehler. Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), Earley, P. C., & Ang, S. (2003). Cutural Intelligence:

16 Individual interactions across cultures. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press. Fischer, R. (2011). Cross-cultural training effects on cultural essentialism beliefs and cultural intelligence. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35, Groves, K. S., & Feverherm, A. E. (2011). Leader cultural intelligence in context: Testing the moderating effects of team cultural diversity on leader and team performance. Group & Organization Management, 36, Hodges, N., Watchravesringkan, K., Karpova, E., Hegland, J., O 'Neal, G., & Kadolph, S. (2011). Collaborative development of textile and apparel curriculum designed to foster student's global competence. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 39, Imai, L., & Gelfand, M. J. (2010). The culturally intelligent negotiator: The impact of cultural intelligence(cq) on negotiation sequences and outcomes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 112, John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement and Theoretical Perspectives. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp ). New York: Guilford. Kanter, R. M. (1995). World Class: Thriving locally in the global economy. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. Kim, Y, J., & Van Dyne, L. (2012). Cultural intelligence and international leadership potential: The importance of contact for members of the majority. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 61, Koyama, C. (2005). Acculturation stress and alcohol among international college students in a U. S. community college setting. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation Virginia poly technician Institute and State University. Lee, M., & Larson, R. (2000). The Korean examination hell: Log hours of studying, distress, & depression. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29(2), Lee, L. -Y., & Sukoco, B. M. (2010). The effects of cultural intelligence on expatriate performance: The moderating effects of international experience. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21, Lubart, T. I. (1990). Creativity and cross-cultural variation. International Journal of Psychology, 25, Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, Matsumoto, D., & Hwang, H. C. (2013). Assessing cross-cultural competence: A review of available tests. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44, Moon, T. (2010). Emotional intelligence correlates of the four-factor model of cultural intelligence. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25, Ng, K. Y., Van Dyne, L., & Ang, S. (2009a). Developing global leaders: The role of international experience and cultural intelligence. Advances in Global Leadership, 5,

17 Ng, K. Y., Van Dyne, L., & Ang, S. (2009b). From experience to experiential learning: Cultural intelligence as a learning capability for global leader development. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 8, Ng, K. Y., Van Dyne, L., & Ang, S. (2012). Cultural intelligence: A review, reflections, and recommendations for future research. In A. M. Ryan, F. T. Leong, & F. L. Oswald (Eds.), Conducting Multinational Research: Applying organizational psychology in the workplace(pp ). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. O'Reilly, C. A., & Chatman, J. A. (1996). Culture as social control: Corporations, cults and commitment. Research in Organizational Behavior, 18, Ramsey, J. R., Leonel, J. N., Gomes, G. Z., & Monteiro, P. R. R. (2011). Cultural intelligence 's influence on international business traveler s stress. Cross-Cultural Management: An International Journal, 18, Reichard, R. J., Dollwet, M., & Louw-Potgieter, J. (2013). Development of cross-cultural psychological capital and its relationship with cultural intelligence and ethnocentrism. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 19, Rockstuhl, T., Seiler, S., Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., & Annen, H. (2011). Beyond general intelligence (IQ) and emotional intelligence(eq): The role of cultural intelligence(cq) on cross-border leadership effectiveness in a globalized world. Journal of Social Issues, 67, Sandhu D. S., & Asrabadi, B. R. (1994). Development of acculturative stress scale for international students: Preliminary findings. Psychological Reports, 75(1), Schaufeli, W. B., Martinez, I. M., Pinto, A. M., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33, Sternberg, R. J., & Detterman, D. K. (1986). What is intelligence? Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Templer, K. J., Tay, C., & Chandrasekar, N. A. (2006). Motivational cultural intelligence, realistic job preview, realistic living conditions preview, and cross-cultural adjustment. Group & Organization Management, 31, Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Koh, C. (2008). Development and validation of the CQS: The cultural intelligence scale. In S. Ang & L. Van Dyne (Eds.), Handbook of Cultural Intelligence: Theory, measurement, and applications. New York, NY: Sharpe. Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., Ng, K. Y., Rockstuhl, T., Tan, M. L., & Koh, C. (2012). Sub-demensions of the four factor model of cultural intelligence: Expanding the conceptualization and measurement of cultural intelligence. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6, : : :

18 The Relationship Between Cultural Intelligence with Experiences and Personality: Among Korean Students Studying Abroad MinHee Kim Korea Counseling Graduate University MyungChol Kim Seoul National University This study was conducted to revalidate CQS and to examine the factors influencing cultural intelligence among Korean students studying abroad. 143 Korean students in USA and Canada were participated in the survey. Confirmatory factor analysis identified a model with four factors and CQS has negative correlation with acculturation stress and academic stress but positive correlation with subjective wellbeing. This findings suggest that CQS is a reliable and valid scale. Hierarchical regression analyses confirmed that personality is more significant predictor than cultural experiences for CQS. Discussion focuses on the importance of the findings, limitations and future directions. Key words : cultural intelligence, CQS, personality, cultural experience.

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