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1 :..,,. (KCYPS)., 2. 5 ( 5) 2 1., 1.,. :,, ( ) esuh@yonsei.ac.kr

2 . (Diener & Suh, 1999, 2000), Diener (Diener, Suh, Kim-Prieto, Biswas-Diener & Tay, 2010).?,.. Oishi Koo(2008),.,. (Oishi, 2012; Oishi & Koo, 2008)....,, (Harker & Keltner, 2001). 10 (Danner, Snowdon, & Friesen, 2001). (,, 2012;,,, 2014), (,, 2013), (,,, 2009)... (subjective well-being).. Diener(1984).

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4 3.4% (54 ) 3, 14.4% (, 2015) (, ). 34% 19%. (,, 2008),..,, (,, 2007;, 2010)., (,,, 2015;,,,, 2015)..,..,., (in-group) (out-group), (,, 2008). Fredrickson(1998, 2001) -,. (Urada & Miller, 2000), (Dovidio, Gaertner, Isen, & Lowrance, 1995).

5 ( ),., (, 2009, 2010). (belief in fixed amount of happiness: BFAH). (zero-sum game) (,, 2007)., (Baron, 1990; Baron, Fortin, Frei, Hauver, & Shack, 1990).,,. (, 2009; Lyubomirsky et al., 2005; Myers & Diener, 1995; Veenhoven, 1988).... (Veenhoven, 1988, 1989). (Berry & Hansen, 1996; Judge & Higgins, 1998; Lyubomirsky & Tucker, 1998). (Waugh & Fredrickson, 2006),, (,,,, 2013; Cunningham, 1988; Manucia, Baumann, & Cialdini, 1984).,., (2010).. (2010)...

6 . (, 2010).. (, 2009).. (, 2009),.,,,. 263 ( 107, 156 ) ( : 2.54), 157 (59.7%), 67 (25.5%), 38 (14.4%), 1 (.4%)., 146 (55.5%), (19.4%), 10 (3.8%), 4 (1.5%), 1 (.4%). Diener(1984),, 5 Likert. Diener, Emmons, Laren, Griffin(1985) SWLS (Satisfaction With Life Scale). 5, (Cronbach α).814. Diener, Smith, Fujita(1995) ITAS(Intensity and Time Affect Scale) (2005). 24, 8 16 (Cronbach α) (2009)

7 .,,, 5 Likert,. (,, ) 24 (,,, ) 12 α=.809 α=.809.,,, 12, α=.927. Strahan Gerbasi(1972), - 10 α=.548.., (r=.132, p<.05) (r=.139, p<.05), (r=.321, p<.001) ** **.56** *.17**.13* *.14*.13*.46** ** -.26** *.18**.12.81**.77** -.68** ** p<.01, * p<.05, p<.10

8 .., 1,,.., (r partial =.21, p<.05), (r partial =.17, p<.05) (r partial =.27, p<.01) (r partial =.16, p<.10). (, 2010).. (Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey: KCYPS) 4., 2010, ( 5-1) ,264, 2 2,189 ( 1,135, 1,054 ) ,104 ( 1,098, 1,006 ) 1,996 ( 1,038, 958 )., (826, 37.7%) (749, 34.2%) (296, 13.5%), (135, 6.2%), (49, 2.2%) ( 134, 6.1%). (1,065, 48.7%), (519, 23.7%), (379, 17.3%), (66, 3.0%), (50, 2.3%) ( 110, 5.0%). 4,351 (SD=2,721). (2006) 3.

9 ,,, 4 (1:, 4: ). Diener(1984)., 2 α=.807, 3 α =.860, 4 α= (2008),,,,, 4 (1:, 4: ). (2009) α=.825 α=.845,. SPSS 23 AMOS 23.,, 2..,,. (Full-Information Maximum Likelihood: FIML) (,,, 2009), χ 2, TLI, CFI, RMSEA. TLI CFI.90, RMSEA.05, RMSEA 90%.10 (, 2009) , 5 1., 5 (F=16.20, p<.001), 6 (F=81.42, p<.001), 1 (F=103.04, p<.001). 5(F=.08, p=.774)

10 (.64) 3.31 (.63) 3.20 (.64) 3.23 (.67) 3.36 (.64) 3.10 (.67) 3.15 (.63) 3.29 (.60) 3.01 (.63) 2.90 (.64) 2.91 (.65) 2.90 (.62) 2.96 (.59) 2.97 (.60) 2.96 (.58).. 1(F=.23, p=.634). 5 (,, ) 2. 1 (β=-.014, p=.550), (β=.005, p=.874), (β=.005, p=.861), (β=-.002, p=.942). 5 1 (β=.306, p<.001). 2.., 3, 1 5 5, 6, 1. (skewness) (kurtosis) (skewness <3, kurtosis<10) (Kline, 2011) ( 5) χ 2 = , df=5, p<.001, TLI=.680, CFI=.840, RMSEA=.263( ), 4 ( 1) χ 2 = 1, , df=5, p<.001, TLI=.250, CFI=.750, RMSEA=.357( ),.,, 3, 4, 5. 2 χ 2 =3.512, df=2, p=.173, TLI=.998, CFI=1.000, RMSEA=.019( ), 4 χ 2 = 8.662, df=2, p=.013, TLI=.991, CFI=.999, RMSEA=.039( ).

11 ** **.66 ** **.41 **.52 ** **.35 **.43 **.63 ** **.22 **.21 **.14 **.16 ** **.18 **.18 **.13 **.17 **.81 ** **.17 **.24 **.19 **.22 **.59 **.64 ** **.10 **.16 **.20 **.25 **.43 **.43 **.59 ** **.12 **.15 **.20 **.26 **.36 **.36 **.50 **.73 ** **.30 **.28 **.20 **.14 **.06 **.07 ** **.13 **.13 **.11 **.08 **.10 **.10 **.08 ** ** **.05 *.08 **.06 ** **.17 **.15 **.10 **.10 **.31 **.44 ** : 5 1, 2: 5 2, 3: 5 3, 4: 5 4, 5: 5 5, 6: 1 1, 7: 1 2, 8: 1 3, 9: 1 4, 10: 1 5, 11: 5, 12: 6, 13: 1 ** p<.01, * p<.05 2 χ 2 = , df=3, p<.001, 4 χ 2 = df=3 p< , 1. ( 5, 6, 1),., χ 2 =86.656, df=6, p<.001, TLI=.906, CFI=.906, RMSEA=.078(.064

12 .093), χ 2 = , df=3, p<.001, TLI=.931, CFI=.965, RMSEA=.067( )., ( χ 2 =54.018, df=3, p<.001) , p<.001, -.051, p< (.184, p<.001) (.020, p<.001). ( 5) ( 5 1) (2009) ( 1) ( 2). 1 χ 2 = , df=58, p<.001, TLI=.962, CFI=.976, RMSEA=.047( ), 2 χ 2 = , df=62, p<.001, TLI=.964, CFI=.976, RMSEA=.046( ). χ 2 =8.448, df=4, p=.765, 2 1..

13 β=.318, p< , 1 β=.395, p<.001 β=.094, p< β =.366, p<.001., *** 5.395*** 1.094** 1.366*** *** p<.001, ** p<.01

14 ...,.,,. 5. (2010)., ,.. 2, 2.,....,.. 10

15 (, ).. (, 2004).. OECD (,,,, 2010). (, 2009), 5 1.,,,.?,..,.... (Berry & Hansen, 1996; Lyubomirsky & Tucker, 1998), (,, 2007), (Dovidio et al., 1995; Urada & Miller, 2000),...,... Oishi(2012).

16 ,..,... (Lyubomirsky et al., 2005),.,,, (Erwin, 2001;, 2009),...,. (Berry & Hansen, 1996; Judge & Higgins, 1998; Lyubomirsky & Tucker, 1998),.,.,.,, (Lyubomirsky et al., 2005; Veenhoven, 1988, 1989).,.,....

17 , (2007).. (4), (2009).. (1), , (2012). 4. (2), , (2013).. (2), ,, (2009). :? (1), ,, (2014). :. (4), ,,,,,, (2006).. :.,, (2009).. :.,,, (2010). -., , (2007).. (4), , (2008).. (1), 1-21.,, (2015).. (4), ,,, (2015).. (1), ,,, (2013).?. (3), (2009).. (2), (2010). :. (1), , (2008).. :. ( )., 10. (2005)... (2004).. :. (2015) Baron, R. A. (1990). Environmentally induced positive affect: Its impact on self-efficacy, task performance, negotiation, and conflict. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20,

18 Baron, R. A., Fortin, S. P., Frei, R. L., Hauver, L. A., & Shack, M. L. (1990). Reducing organizational conflict: The role of socially-induced positive affect. International Journal of Conflict Management, 1, Berry, D. S., & Hansen, J. S. (1996). Positive affect, negative affect, and social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, Cunningham, M. R. (1988). Does happiness mean friendliness? Induced mood and heterosexual self-disclosure. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14, Danner, D. D., Snowdon, D. A., & Friesen, W. V. (2001). Positive emotions in early life and longevity: Finding from the nun study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 193, Diener, E., Emmons, R. S., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life-scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, Diener, E., Scollon, C. N. & Lucas, R. E. (2003). The evolving concept of subjective well-being: The multifaceted nature of happiness. Advances in Cell Aging and Gerontology, 13, Diener, E., Smith, H., & Fujita, F. (1995). The personality structure of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, Diener, E., & Suh, E. M. (1999). National differences in subjective well-being. In D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology (pp ). NY: Russell Sage Foundation. Diener, E., & Suh, E. M. (2000). Culture and subjective well-being. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Kim-Prieto, C., Biswas-Diener, R., & Tay, L. S. (2010). Unhappiness in South Korea: Why it is high and what might be done about it., pp Dovidio, J. F., Gaertner, S. L., Isen, A. M., & Lowrance, R. (1995). Group representations and intergroup bias: Positive affect, similarity, and group size. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, Erwin, P. (2006). [Attitude and persuasion]( ). : ( 2001 ). Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2, Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology. American Psychologist, 56, Fredrickson, B. L., & Branigan, C. (2005). Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought-action repertoires. Cognition and Emotion, 19, Fredrickson, B. L., Tugade, M. M., Waugh, C. E., & Larkin, G. R. (2003). What good are positive emotions in crises? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, Harker, L., & Keltner, D. (2001). Expressions of positive emotion in women's college yearbook

19 pictures and their relationship to personality and life outcomes across adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, Judge, T. A., & Higgins, C. A. (1998). Affective disposition and the letter of reference. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 75, Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling(3rd ed). Guilford Press. Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131, Lyubomirsky, S., & Tucker, K. L. (1998). Implications of individual differences in subjective happiness for perceiving, interpreting, and thinking about life events. Motivation and Emotion, 22, Manucia, G. K., Baumann, D. J., & Cialdini, R. B. (1984). Mood influences on helping: Direct effects or side effects? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy? Psychological Science, 6, Oishi, S. (2012). The psychological wealth of nations: Do happy people make a happy society? Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. Oishi, S., & Koo, M. (2008). Two new questions about happiness. In M. Eid & R. J. Larsen (Eds.). The Science of Subjective Well-Being (pp ). NY: The Guilford Press. Strahan, R., & Gerbasi, K. C. (1972). Short homogenous version of the Marlowe-Crown Social Desirability Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28, Urada, D., & Miller, N. (2000). The impact of positive mood and category importance on crossed categorization effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, Veenhoven, R. (1988). The utility of happiness. Social Indicators Research, 20, Veenhoven, R. (Eds.) (1989). How harmful is happiness? consequences of enjoying life or not? Rotterdam, The Netherlands: University Press Rotterdam. Waugh, C. E., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2006). Nice to know you: Positive emotions, self-other overlap, and complex understanding in the formation of a new relationship. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1, : : :

20 Subjective Well-being and Attitude toward Minority Group Members: A longitudinal analysis Jaisun Koo Chung-Ang University Eunkook M. Suh Yonsei University This research investigated the influence of subjective well-being on attitude towards minority group members. In a cross-sectional data, the higher subjective well-being predicted more positive cognitive beliefs, affective feelings, and behavioral intentions towards foreign laborers and children of international couples. The causal link from subjective well-being to greater tolerance for cultural diversity was found again in a large longitudinal sample. The rate of life satisfaction increase from Time 1 to Time 2 significantly predicted multicultural receptiveness at Time 2. Overall, the findings suggest that subjective well-being may contribute to the formation of favorable attitude towards minority group members. Key words : subjective well-being, attitude towards minority group, Korean Child and Youth Panel Study

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