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1 : *. 112,,, 1., 1,,. 1,,.,.,. *. :,, ( ) Tel : , ilcheu@gamil.com

2 (, 2012) 15 ~ , (38.6%)., (65.1%), (46.0%) (,,, 2002; 2005).,,,, 47.4%, 55.1%, 55.4%, 26.3% (,,, 2002)..,... (2009),.,,, 190,,,,,. (2009). (,, 2012; Lyubomirsky, King, & Diener, 2005; Veenhoven, 1988).,. Lyubomirsky (2005) 225.,,,,,.. (Fredrickson & Losada, 2005; Seligman & Schulman, 1986; Wright, Cropanzano, Denney & Moline, 2002). Wright (2002) 2,,. Burger Caldwell(2000) 3

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4 2 8. Kashdan Yuen(2007). Nickerson, Diener Schwarz(2011),. Mellanby, Martin O Doherty(2000). (Trockel, Barnes, & Egget, 2000),, Svanum Zody(2001).,., (2012)., ,, 4. 3,. 3., (2008) ,,...,, (,, 2007;,,,,, 2009), (2012). (, 2005).,, (,,, 1994)..

5 ..,. (, ) (Diener, Suh, Lucas, & Smith, 1999).,, (Lucas, Diner, & Suh, 1996).,?..,,,,,.,,, (Diener, Ng, Harter, & Arora, 2010; Kahneman & Deaton, 2010). Diener (2010),. Kahneman Deaton(2010). 75,000,. 75,000.,. Diener Fujita(1995).,,, (r =.27) (r =.11) (r = -.19).,,...

6 . (,, ).,.. (2012)..,.. Nickerson (2011),,. (, ).. (2009).,. : (1). (2),,. 4, , 46 (41.1%), 66 (58.9%) (SD=2.41, 1 ).. 1, 2,

7 (Subjective WellBeing: SWB),,, (Sheldon & Kasser, 2001).. (Satisfaction With Life Scale: SWLS) Diener, Emmons, Larsen Griffin(1985), 5 7 (1:, 7: ).,. (Cronbach's α).80. Watson, Clark Tellegen(1988) / (Positive and Negative Affect Scale: PANAS). PANAS 10 20, 5 (1:, 5: ).,,,,,,,. (Cronbach's α).83, (SD=.42), (SD=.59). Predictive Analytics Soft Ware (PASW: SPSS Statistics) , 1,, 1 2., 1 (, ) 1,

8 2 ( 1) , 1 2 (r=.59, p<.001), 2 (r=.20, p<.05). 1 2,. 2 1 (r=.19, p<.05), 2 (r=.22, p<.05), 1 (r=.21, p<.05), 1 (r=.48, p<.001) (r=-.14, p<.08) (r=-.18, p<.08) (ß=.17, p<.05; R 2 =.03, p<.05). 1., (SWB)_ ***.88 ***.54 **.75 ***.49 *** -.64 *** -.32 *** * (SWB)_ ***.89 ***.33 ***.73 *** -.41 *** -.66 *** (LS)_ ***.58 ***.46 ** -.31 *** -.22 * * # 4. (LS)_ ***.58 *** -.27 ** -.40 *** * (PA)_ *** -.20 * * # 6. (PA)_ (NA)_ *** (NA)_ _ *** _ # <.08, * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001.

9 SWB_1 _2 _1 SWB_2 2 2 B S.E. ß B S.E. ß _ *** (SWB)_ *** (SWB)_ * _ F *** *** R Adj. R R 2.03 *.00 1=, 2= dummy * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001. (ß=-.01, ns; R 2 =.00, ns) (ß=.16, p<.08; R 2 =.02, p<.08). 1., (ß=.11, ns; R 2 =.01, ns).., (ß=.20, p<.05; R 2 =.04, p<.05).

10 LS_1 _2 _1 LS_2 2 2 B S.E. ß B S.E. ß _ *** (LS)_ *** (LS)_ # _ F 9.72 *** *** R Adj. R R 2.02 #.01 1=, 2= dummy # <.08, * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001. PA_1 _2 _1 PA_2 2 2 B S.E. ß B S.E. ß _ *** (PA)_ *** (PA)_ * _ F *** 8.88 *** R Adj. R R 2.04 *.00 1=, 2= dummy * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001.

11 . 1 1 (ß=-.01, ns; R 2 =.00, ns).,, (ß=-.09, ns; R 2 =.00, ns). 1 2 (ß=-.14, ns; R 2 =.02, ns)..,,.,. NA_1 -> _2 _1 -> NA_2 2 2 B S.E. ß B S.E. ß _ * (NA)_ *** (NA)_ _ F 8.69 *** *** R Adj. R R =, 2= dummy * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001.

12 ..,,.,.,,, , , ,. 1,... 1., 1,. 1,..,.,,, (, 2009; Fredrickson, 2001;; Lyubomirsky et al., 2005),..,?.. Wright Cropanzano (2004)

13 . (2011),,.. (Diener et al., 2010).,...,,. 1.. Watson (1988).,. Kahneman Deaton(2010),,.,.. Fredrickson(2001) (broaden and building theory). Fredrickson(2001).,..,...,

14 . (Fredrickson, Mancuso, Branigan, & Tugade, 2000) (undoing).,...,, (,, 2005; Trinidad, Unger, Chou, Azen, & Johnson, 2004)....,.., 2-4%.,,.,..,.,,,,..,. (2012), Oishi (2007).,

15 .. 1,,. (2009) , (2012) (2009)..., (2007). :., 5-29., (2009). :,,., ,, (2002). IMF,,, : ,, (2002). IMF :., ,, (2005).., ,, (2008) , (2011)., -., (2010). :., ,, (1994). 94, (2012) ,,,, (2009).., , (2005). :, Ashby, F. G., Isen, A. M., & Turken, A. U. (1999). A neuropsychological theory of positive affect and its influence on cognition. Psychological Review, 106, Burger, J. M., & Caldwell, D. F. (2000).

16 Personality, social activities, job-search behavior and interview success: Distinguishing between PANAS trait positive affect and NEO extraversion. Motivation and Emotion, 24, Chang, L., McBride-Chang, C., Stewart, S., & Au, E. (2003). Life satisfaction, self-concept, and family relations in Chinese adolescents and children. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27, Cheng, H., & Furnham, A. (2002). Personality peer relations, and self-confidence as predictors of happiness and loneliness. Journal of Adolescence, 25, De Fruty, F., & Mervielde, I. (1996). Personality and interests as predictors of educational streaming and subjective well-being. European Journal of Personality, 10, Diener, E., & Fujita, F. (1995). Resources, personal strivings, and subjective wellbeing: A nomothetic and idiographic approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, Diener, E., Ng, W., Harter, J., & Arora, R. (2010). Wealth and happiness across the world: Material prosperity predicts life evaluation, whereas psychosocial prosperity predicts positive feeling. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, Diener, E., Shu, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. E. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, Fox, S., & Spector, P. E. (2000). Relations of emotional intelligence, practical intelligence, general intelligence, and trait affectivity with interview outcomes: It's not all just G. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology. American Psychologist, 56, Fredrickson, B. L., & Losada, M. (2005). Positive affect and the complex dynamics of human flourishing. American Psychologist, 60, Fredrickson, B. L., Mancuso, R. A., Branigan, C., & Tugade, M. M. (2000). The undoing effect of positive emotions. Motivation and Emotion, 24, Frisch, M. B., Clark, M. P., Rouse, S. V., Rudd, M. D., Paweleck, J. K., Greenstone, A., & Kopplin D. A. (2005). Predictive and treatment validity of life satisfaction and the quality of life inventory. Assessment, 12, Gilman, R., & Huebner, E. S. (2006). Characteristics of adolescents who report very high life satisfaction. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, Kahneman, D., & Deaton, A. (2010). High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being. Psychological and cognitive sciences, 107, Kashdan, T. B., & Yuen, M. (2007). Whether highly curious students thrive academically depends on perception about the school learning environment: A study of Hong Kong adolescents. Motivation and Emotion, 31, Lucas, R. E., Diener, E., & Suh, E. (1996).

17 Discriminant validity of well-being measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, Lyubomirsky, S., King, L. A., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect. Psychological Bulletin, 131, Marsh, H. W., Trautwein, U., Ludtke, O., Koller, O., & Baumert, J. (2006). Integration of multidimensional self-concept and core personality constructs: Construct validation and relations to well-being and achievement. Journal of Personality, 74, Mellanby, J., Martin, M., & O Doherty, J. (2000). The gender grap in final examination results at Oxford University. British Journal of Psychology, 91, Nickerson, C., Diener, E., & Schwarz, N. (2011). Positive affect and college success. Journal Happiness Studies, 12, Oishi, S., Deiner, E., & Lucas, R. E. (2007). The optimum level of well-being: Can people be too happy? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, Rode, J. C., Arthaud-Day, M. L., Mooney, C. H., Near, J. P., Baldwin, T. T., Bommer, W. H., & Rubin, R. S. (2005). Life satisfaction and student performance. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 4, Seligman, M. E. P., & Schulman, P. (1986). Explanatory style as a predictor of productivity and quitting among life insurance agents. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, Sheldon, K. M., & Kasser, T. (2001). Getting older, getting better : Personal strivings and psychological maturity across the life span. Developmental Psychology, 37, Svanum, S., & Zody, Z. B. (2001). Psychology and college grades. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48, Trinidad, D. R., Unger, J. B., Chou, C. P., Azen, S. P., & Johnson, C. A. (2004). Emotional intelligence and smoking risk factors in adolescents: Interactions on smoking intentions. Journal of Adolescent Health, 34, Trockel, M. T., Barnes, M. D., & Egget, D. L. (2000). Health-related variables and academic performance among first-year college students: Implications for sleep and other behaviors. Journal of American College Health, 49, Veenhoven, R. (1988). The utility of happiness. Social Indicators Research, 20, Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, Wright, T. A., & Cropanzano, R. (2004). The role of psychological well-being in job performance: A fresh look at an age-old quest. Organizational Dynamics, 33, Wright, T. A., Cropanzano, R., Denney, P. J., & Moline, G. L. (2002). When a happy worker is a productive worker: A preliminary examination of three models. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 34, : : :

18 Happiness improves academic achievement Kyoungmi Kim Seungah Ryu Incheol Choi Tong Myong University KyungNam University Seoul National University Current study examine whether happiness (life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect) improves academic achievement (GPA) by longitudinal data. Two surveys were conducted with one year interval and total 112 respondents participated in both surveys. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to investigate that happiness in the first time have an effect on GPA in the second time after controlling for GPA in the first time as well as demographic variables. We found that life satisfaction and positive affect in the first survey improved GPA after the next semester. Interestingly, GPA did not bring happiness by this longitudinal data. The implication for study were discussed. Key words : Happiness, life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, GPA

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