********* (*, **, *** ).., 2002, 7, 1, 1-12. 2-5 80.,.,..,,... :,,. (naming).., (word finding), (lexical look- up), (lexical retrieval), (word recall) (Fried- Oken, 1987). (pause),,, (naming error) (Snyder & Godley, 1992).. 1
(language processing),, (German, 1987; McGregor & Leonard, 1989) (index),,.,,, (Wiig & Semel, 1980). Kail (1994)Lahey & Edwards (1996) (linguistic processing)(nonlinguistic processing)... (information processing). -. 1960.,, (, 1992;, 2000;, 2001). (1992). (2001)... 2
.., (information processing).. 1. 2, 3, 4, 5 20, 801:1. (1) (, 1995) - 1 (2) (, 1994) (3),,. 2... (German, 1984), (1972), (1980), (1982). (, 1995) (, 1994). 6 3
(<- 1> ). (ceiling effect) 10 49. 15 10 cm,. <- 1>.,. (, 1995),.,,. 3.., 2. 2 1 2. 4
.. 5 5, (. ).. (1997)Lahey & Edwards (1999),.,,,, (<- 1> ). 20 % 1 100 %, 93.4 %. 4. SPSS 9.0. (ANOVA), Scheffé... 1. <- 2>. 49. (F (3, 76 ) = 100.586, p <.05) (p >.05). 5
<- 2> * (10) (10) 2 4.30 ± 3.80 7.50 ± 4.33 5.90 ± 4.29 3 14.90 ± 4.58 12.20 ± 3.19 13.55 ± 4.08 4 23.40 ± 6.04 21.00 ± 4.76 22.20 ± 5.43 5 29.80 ± 5.67 31.00 ± 4.83 30.40 ± 5.16 18.10 ± 10.85 17.93 ± 9.99 18.01 ± 10.36 * ± 2. 5 (,,,, ) (<- 1> ). (F (3, 76 ) = 101.301, p <.05), (p <.05).,,, (<- 3> ). <- 3> * 2(20) 3(20) 4(20) 5(20) F 6.45 ± 3.68 11.00 ± 2.81 7.45 ± 5.21 6.90 ± 3.85 5.432** 8.25 ± 3.88 9.05 ± 2.44 5.10 ± 2.53 4.10 ± 2.59 13.460** 1.15 ± 1.66 1.15 ± 0.99 1.80 ± 1.94 1.25 ± 1.25.860 5.40 ± 4.11 5.70 ± 3.59 1.90 ± 1.71 1.25 ± 1.21 12.544** 21.85 ± 11.56 8.55 ± 5.10 10.55 ± 5.75 5.05 ± 3.47 20.615** * ± **p <.05 6
<- 1>. 2,,,,, 3,,,,. 4,,,,. 5,,,, (<- 1> )..,,, Scheffé. <- 4> *p <.05 2 3 3 4 5 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 7
23, 35, 24, 5, 34, 5. 24, 5, 34, 5. 23, 4, 5. 45 (<- 4> ).. 2, 3, 4 5.,. 492 5.90(12.04 %), 3 13.55(26.65 %). 4 22.20(45.31 %), 5 30.40(62.04 %). (Ratner & Myers, 1981; Wiegel- Crump & Dennis, 1986). Nippold (1992) (storage) (retrieval).,, (. ).,,,,,. (1992) (Wiegel- Crump & Dennis, 1986; Lahey & Edwards, 1999).,,,.. -. 8
,.,.,.. (1994)... (1995).. :. (1997). :., 15, 1012-1021. (1972). 3, 4, 5., 19, 337-427. (1980). (). :. (2001).. 2001, 56-65. (1982).., 42, 235-329. (2000). - :. -. :. (1992)... Fried- Oken, M. (1987). Qualitative examination of children s naming skill through test adaptations. Lang uag e, Sp eech, and H earing S ervices in Schools, 18, 206-216. German, D. (1984). Diagnosis of word- finding disorders in children with learning disabilities. J ournal of L earning D isabilities, 17, 353-358. German, D. (1987). Spontaneous language profiles of children with word- finding problems. Lang uag e, Sp eech, and H earing S ervices in Schools, 18, 217-230. Kail, R. A. (1994). Method for studying the generalized slowing hypothesis in children with specific language impairment. Journal of Sp eech and H earing R esearch, 37, 418-421. 9
Lahey, M. & Edwards, J. (1996). Why do children with specific language impairment name pictures more slowly than their peers? Journal of Sp eech and H earing R esearch, 39, 1081-1098. Lahey, M. & Edwards, J. (1999). Naming error of children with specific language impairment. Journal of Sp eech, Lang uag e, and H earing R esearch, 42, 195-205. McGregor, K. K. & Leonard L. B. (1989). Facilitating word- finding skills of language- impaired children. J ournal of Sp eech and H earing D isorders, 54, 141-147. Nippold, M. A. (1992) T he nature of normal and disordered word finding in children and adolescents. Top ics in Lang uag e D isorders, 13, 1-14. Ratner, H. & Myers, N. (1981). Long- term memory and retrieval at ages 2, 3, 4. Journal of Exp erim ental Child Psychology, 31, 365-386. Snyder, L. S. & Godley, D. (1992). Assessment of word- finding disorders in children and adolescents. Top ics in Lang uag e D isorders, 13, 15-22. Wiegel- Crump, C. A. & Dennis, M. (1986). Development of word- finding. B rain and Lang uag e, 27, 1-23. Wiig, E. & Semel, E. (1980). Lang uag e assessm ent and intervention f or the learning disabled. Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill. 10
<- 1> : : : : : : / : :... : : 50 %, :..., 50 % : : : :... : 50 % : 11
AB ST RACT A Study of Namin g Ability in Pr eschool Childr en Y o o Je oun g K im (Seoul National Mental Hospital) S oy e on g P a e (Dept. of Speech- Language Pathology & Audiology, Hallym University) E un S o ok P arkji Ch e ol S h in (Dept. of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) The naming deficit has been defined as a problem in generating a specific word in any given situation. Children and adults with oral and/ or written language impairments are often inaccurate when naming objects. Therefore, naming ability has been examined repeatedly in an effort to understand normal and disordered language behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine the development of naming ability of 80 normal Korean children aged 2, 3, 4, and 5 years and to investigate the error types of naming. The following results were found in the experiment: (1) The accuracy of naming increased in line with the increase of age: 12.04 % for the 2-year- olds, 26.65 % for the 3-year- olds, 45.31 % for the 4-year- olds, and 62.04 % for the 5-year- olds, (2) The number of errors for each error type (except for phonological errors) significantly decreased as children got older. The implications of the results were discussed. : 2002130 : 2002316 (1 ):, e- mail: applemint @intizen.com ():, e- mail: spae@hallym.ac.kr ():, e- mail: pes1234@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr ():, e- mail: jcsevrm@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr 12