: :. 1.., 67 34 10.,, (,1989). (1994)., (,1992). (1989),, 64:36, 61:40., (Diann,1983),, 65 10%, 80 20% (F reda, 1987).. (1995) 8 3.,,. 2.,,,.. 1),,. 2)?
3)? 3. 1),.. 2).. 1..,, 3,,,.,..,,. Leonard B. Breen.. 1). 2) 3),,. 4) 5) (,, 1987) Breen (1960) 1),. 2). 3). (1994) (chronological age : ) (biological age), (psy chological age), (social age), (self- aw aring age)..,,,.,. ( ) (,1993).,.,,,,
.,,,,. (,1987). 65,,. 2. T imiras (1972),,,.. 1), (Sacher, 1966).,. 2), (Comfort, 1964). Shock (1960). 3). (collagen ),.,. 4),, (Bromley, 1970). Makinodan (1977). 3.. Erik son,,.,
(,1993).,,,,,,, (,1995)..,,. 4..,,..,,,,,, (,1995).,... ButlerLewis (1973)...,,..,. (Harris,1995).. 1. 65,, (descriptiv e correlational studies ). 2. 65,, 280. 1995912 1027 35. 3.,,, (1990).,,, 15..,,,,, 20,
, 17.,,,,,, 42. (1990), Cronbach ' s Alpha.845,.849,.926. 4. SA S.,,,,, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Analy sis.. 1. 280 < 1>. (1992) 1995 (656938%, 707429%, 7579 18%, 8015% ). < 1> () (%) 6569 100 36 7074 73 26 7579 54 19 80 53 19 + 119 43 + 102 26 + 59 21 90 32 132 47 24 9 26 9 8 3 54 20 226 80 40 22 218 14 8 78 (N =280), 226(80% ), (1985), (1987), (1994)., (1995), 52%, 48%, 78%.
. 2.,, <2> 5(4.748), (4.302), (4.062), (3.879), (2.431), (1.336), 3.722.. (52:48) (1990) 4.054,, 30%, 70% (1 995) 3.806.. < 2> 4.052 2.431 4.748 4.302 3.879 1.336 3.723 1.020 0.770 0.613 0.828 0.930 0.847 0.538 4.162 0.769 3.276 0.898 3.484 0.781 3.275 0.734 3.270 0.756 1.362 0.655 3.270 0.910 3.011 0.700 2.402 1.203 2.558 1.108 2.585 0.547 3.264 0.612 3.484, (,1987), 78%. 2.585 3.0,,,,,,,. 80%,, 78%,,.
3. (P <.005) (< 3> ). < 3> Mean S.D. F P Mean S.D F P Mean S.D. F P Mean S.D. F P 6569 4.355 0.851 2.600 0.757 4.860 0.439 4.515 0.773 7074 3.904 1.030 5.87 0.0007 2.356 0.637 2.71 0.0457 4.760 0.578 4.72 0.0031 4.233 0.736 8.89 0.0001 7579 4.037 1.027 2.370 0.975 4.787 0.441 4.444 0.718 80 3.698 1.153 2.27 0.685 4.481 0.945 3.849 0.969 + 4.067 + 0.989 2.465 0.768 4.752 0.596 4.282 0.791 + 4.034 4.051 1.054 1.041 0.03 0.9720 2.435 2.356 0.738 0.832 0.40 0.6734 4.800 4.653 0.484 0.816 1.07 0.3444 4.377 4.212 0.762 0.997 0.81 0.4466 3.890 4.091 1.139 0.984 2.422 2.422 0.785 0.785 4.767 4.705 0.546 0.707 4.297 4.295 0.909 0.817 4.125 4.154 0.992 0.881 1.07 0.3718 2.333 2.462 0.786 0.772 0.13 0.9719 4.646 4.885 0.683 0.257 1.00 0.4084 4.083 4.385 0.776 0.752 0.78 0.5398 4.500 0.756 2.500 0.591 5.000 0 4.625 0.518 4.241 0.950 2.39 0.1232 2.549 0.895 1.86 0.1735 4.741 0.775 0.03 0.8730 4.343 0.980 0.18 0.6696 4.002 1.033 2.393 0.722 4.756 0.565 4.289 0.790 4.013 0.977 2.500 0.877 4.763 0.600 4.300 0.791 4.318 4.264 0.945 0.847 2.14 0.0760 2.500 2.428 0.649 0.784 0.77 0.5461 0.955 4.771 0.147 0.687 1.25 0.2897 4.477 4.334 0.932 0.654 0.39 0.8184 Mean S.D. F P Mean S.D. F P Mean S.D. F P 6569 4.222 0.712 1.605 1.040 3.948 0.415 7074 7579 3.953 3.689 0.793 1.044 13.39 0.0001 1.295 1.176 0.799 0.623 6.49 0.0003 3.175 3.658 0.491 0.489 15.96 0.0001 80 3.321 1.050 1.047 0.503 3.369 0.646 + 3.945 0.910 1.261 0.761 3.726 0.528 + 3.925 0.829 2.01 0.1360 1.446 0.879 1.40 0.2475 3.770 0.465 1.27 0.2811 + 3.664 1.103 1.300 0.943 3.630 0.660 3.591 1.024 1.262 0.766 3.635 0.552 3.929 4.075 4.154 0.894 0.821 0.727 4.38 0.0019 1.375 1.292 1.385 0.852 0.955 0.898 0.27 0.8941 3.718 3.713 3.892 0.542 0.544 0.473 2.21 0.0678 4.600 4.289 0.566 0.871 1.375 13.67 0.0003 1.685 1.188 1.163 4.100 11.73 0.0007 3.889 0.385 0.604 6.56 0.0110 3.779 3.860 4.455 4.057 0.920 0.871 0.612 0.358 4.58 0.0014 1.253 1.388 1.727 1.469 0.732 0.755 1.162 0.984 4.30 0.0022 3.682 3.718 4.023 3.821 0.516 0.523 0.360 0.582 3.93 0.0040 (P < 0.001). (1985), (1988), (1991). (P <.005), (P <.005). (1990)
,. (P <.005),. (1990),., (Mcclelland, 1982 : Quinn, 1983), (1994). (P <.01). (P <.0003). 4. (P <.005), 6569, 80 (< 4> ). (1990) (1985). < 4> Mean S.D. F P Mean S.D. F P Mean S.D. F P 6569 4.355 0.561 3.400 0.844 3.623 0.708 7074 4.219 0.635 8.84 0.0001 3.240 0.929 2.95 0.0330 3.471 0.752 4.67 0.0034 7579 4.162 0.760 3.392 0.848 3.573 0.750 80 3.720 1.072 2.978 0.953 3.152 0.900 + + + 4.120 4.221 4.144 0.787 0.651 0.915 0.49 0.6133 3.390 3.193 3.190 0.926 0.849 0.914 1.67 0.1908 3.562 3.435 3.415 0.807 0.723 0.822 1.02 0.3614 4.122 4.131 4.230 4.154 4.875 0.829 0.713 0.675 0.936 0.231 1.91 0.1094 3.158 3.285 3.276 3.586 3.606 0.846 0.928 0.756 0.790 1.189 1.44 0.2217 3.825 3.484 3.500 3.719 3.904 0.766 0.787 0.649 0.779 0.949 1.54 0.1900 4.338 4.118 0.779 0.764 3.59 0.0591 3.437 3.242 0.891 0.897 2.07 0.1514 3.649 3.448 0.779 0.778 2.91 0.892 4.325 4.364 4.320 0.605 0.468 0.850 3.64 0.0066 3.298 3.413. 3.386 0.902 0.834 0.645 1.03 0.3904 3.540 3.636 3.607 0.717 0.718 0.707 1.61 0.1723,,. 5. (P <.0001) (<5> ).
< 5> Mean S.D. F P Mean S.D. F P Mean S.D. F P Mean S.D. F P 6569 3.477 0.748 4.92 3.338 0.726 1.619 0.965 3.003 0.825 7074 7579 3.112 3.293 0.641 0.736 0.0024 3.201 3.367 0.755 0.755 1.34 0.2616 1.391 1.158 0.728 0.522 5.08 0.0019 3.185 2.917 0.846 0.869 1.44 0.2319 80 3.101 0.748 3.135 0.806 0.631 0.104 2.884 1.148 + 3.315 0.700 3.305 0.754 1.290 0.566 2.955 0.818 + 3.219 0.753 0.49 0.6149 3.257 0.772 0.27 0.7621 1.414 0.725 0.54 0.5820 3.074 0.951 0.46 0.6290 + 3.291 0.775 3.220 0.742 1.422 0.732 3.017 1.017 3.183 0.818 3.151 0.777 1.190 0.473 3.060 0.977 3.234 3.271 3.660 0.681 0.727 0.597 2.52 0.0418 3.294 3.160 3.462 0.744 0.698 0.781 1.51 0.1992 1.428 1.111 1.573 0.749 0.396 0.891 1.03 0.3896 2.967 3.035 2.955 0.891 0.811 0.991 0.16 0.9583 3.521 0.499 3.604 0.648 1.718 0.917 3.021 0.545 3.302 0.067 0.08 0.7738 3.343 0.730 0.65 0.4224 3.281 0.869 2.70 0.001 2.830 0.815 2.66 0.1041 3.270 0.751 3.250 0.764 0 0 3.055 0.930 2.630 0.658 2.812 0.751 0 0 3.300 0.930 2.977 3.466 0.620 0.692 13.43 0.0001 3.136 3.467 0.766 0.751 5.90 0.0001 3.500 1.037 0.701 0.529 70.57 0.0001 2.939 3.133 0.650 0.750 3.47 0.0087 Mean S.D. F P Mean S.D. F P Mean S.D. F P Mean S.D. F P 6569 2.824 0.736 2.447 1.207 2.686 1.009 2.680 0.527 7074 7579 2.973 2.884 0.658 0.655 0.76 0.5179 2.539 2.160 1.204 1.101 1.10 0.3506 2.625 2.378 1.124 1.178 1.34 0.2621 2.631 2.515 0.523 0.518 3.31 0.205 80 2.819 0.735 2.374 1.284 2.408 1.181 2.413 0.606 + 2.960 0.694 2.522 1.191 3.230 0.898 2.686 0.528 + 2.800 0.752 1.63 0.1984 2.441 1.246 2.66 0.0716 2.480 0.883 98.59 0.0001 2.578 0.529 5.81 0.0034 + 2.826 0.606 2.090 1.113 1.336 0.674 2.394 0.555 2.749 0.720 2.267 1.281 2.212 1.142 2.456 0.542 2.948 2.815 2.940 0.690 0.685 0.645 1.41 0.2322 2.451 2.347 2.571 1.137 1.172 1.354 0.69 0.5985 2.656 2.758 2.862 1.012 1.172 1.202 4.26 0.0023 2.621 2.542 2.765 0.549 0.512 0.554 2.51 0.0423 2.625 0.740 2.813 1.056 3.350 10.812 2.818 0.352 2.841 0.715 0.16 0.6940 2.463 1.131 0.15 0.7029 2.622 1.093 0.19 0.6646 2.960 0.514 34.93 0.0001 2.883 0.699 2.393 1.220 2.550 1.112 2.498 0.516 2.846 0.819 2.546 1.236 2.505 1.043 2.386 0.498 2.721 2.971 0.811 1.354 0.74 0.5682 2.409 2.664 1.154 1.128 2.49 0.0435 2.772 2.707 1.057 0.788 1.13 0.3446 2.921 2.784 0.467 1.064 8.45 0.0001 (P <.0001),.. (1987) (P <.05). (P <.0001),. (P <.0001).
,,,. (1987) 80%. (P <.05). (P <.005),. (Kiv ett,1985), Neugarten (1968). (P <.005)., (1987)., (P <.0001). (P <.005), (P <.05),. (1989),,., (1987). 6.,,,,,,, (P <.001) (< 6> ). < 6> 0.40380 * 0.38719 * 0.43422 * 0.15741 0.14110 0.16053 0.40375 * 0.35383 * 0.40485 * 0.34111 * 0.35957 * 0.39583 * 0.50104 * 0.47268 * 0.53195 * 0.11870 0.17103 0.17797 7. * P<.001,,,,,, (P <.001), (< 7> ). (1995)
< 7> 0.23260 * 0.39905 * 0.40496 * 0.31653 * 0.47791 * 0.49379 * 0.14742 0.13730 0.15495 0.25694 * 0.36026 * 0.37648 * 0.27937 * 0.40207 * 0.41846 * 0.23184 * 0.32358 * 0.33849 * 0.16968 0.20920 * 0.22336 * * P <.001 80%,.,, T hom as(1986)..,,. 65 280, (1990) 1995 9 10 SAS.. 1. 5 3.722 (4.054). 3.484, 78%. 2.585 67 80%. 2. 65.,. 3.,,. 4...
.,.. 5.. 6.,,.. 1.,. 2.. 3.,. < > 1. (1987).,. 2. (1987).,. 3. (1995).,, 7 (2), 259-269. 4. (1985).,. 5. (1989).,, 1989. 6. (1992)., 8, 8, 221-236. 7. (1989).,. 8. (1995).,. 9. (1993)., :. 10. (1994)., 21,, 129-148. 11. (1988).,. 12., (1985).,, 103-124. 13. (1994).,. 14., (1987).,. 15. (1987).,,. 16. (1989).,
. 17.,,, (1990).,, 20(3), 307-323. 18.,, (1990).,, 2, 14-38. 19., (1991).,, 3, 70-96. 20.,,,, (1992).,, 4 (2), 113-135. 21.,, 1992, 257. 22.,, 1994, 224. 23. Breen, L. B., (1960). H an dbook of S ocial Geront ology, Cicag o, Read M cn ally. 24. Bromly, D. B., (1970). An Approach to theory Con stru ction in the P sy chology of Dev elopm ent and A gin g, Life- span Dev elopm ent P sy chology, In L. R. & P. B. Balt es, 71-114. 25. Burg ess, Erh est S.,(1961). Retirem ent Villag e, Div ision of Geront ology, Univ ersity of Michigan (E d.) : Ann Arbor. 26. Butler, R. N. & Lew is, M. I., (1973). A gin g an d M ent al H ealth, M osby Co. 27. Com fort, A., (1964). A gin g : the biology of scien ce, New York : Holt, Rin eg art an d W in st on. 28. Diann L Zajac (1983). W om en ' s Health : Problem & Option s an Ov erview, Issu es in H ealth Cure of W om en, 6, 287-310. 29. F reda L. P alitel, (1987). W om en and M ental H ealth : A P ost Nairobi P er spectiv e, W orld H ealth St atistics, W. H. O., 40(3), 233-266. 30. Harris, D. K, & Cole W. E., (1985)..,, 24, 129, 220-221, 326. 31. Kiv ett, V. R.,(1985). Gran dfather and Gran dm oth er, P att ern of A ssociation Helping and P sy ch ological closen ess, F am ily Relation s, 34, 565-571. 32. M aclelland, T.,(1982). S elf- Conception s an d Life S atisfaction : Int ergratin g A g ed Subculture an d A ctivity T h eory, Journal of Gerontology, 36. 33. M akinodan, T.,(1977). Im m unity and aging, H an db ook of the Biology of aging, N.Y., V an 34. Neug arten B. L.,(1968). Middel age and aging, T he Univ ersity of Cicag o Pres s, Cicag o. 35. S acher, G. A.,(1966). Abnut zun g stheorie, P er spectiv es in ex perim ent al geront ology, Sprin gfield. 36. Sh ock, N. W., (1960). som e of th e fact s of aging S ocial & biological aspect s, W ashingt on, D. C., Am erican A s sociation for the A dv an cem ent of S cien ce. 37. T hom as, J. L.,(1986). A g e an d S ex Differen ces in P erception of Grandparenting, Journ al of Geront ology, 41(4), 417-423. 38. T im iras, P. S.,(1972). Dev elopm ent Phy siology an d A gin g, New York, M acm illan.
39. Quinn, W. H.,(1983). P er sonal and F am ily adju stm ent in Later Life, Journ al of M arriage and F am illy, 45. - A b s t rac t - K ey c on c ept : h e alth s t at u s of ag e d w om en A s tudy on the Phy s ic al, M ent al and S ocial F actors Influencing the H e alth S tatu s of A g ed W om en in K ore a S eun g Ok Ro Seung Ok Ro : Departm ent of Nur sing, Shin Heung Junior College A t ot al health stat e ev aluation of Kor ean fem ale elderlies w as m ade by u sing the qu estionary sch em e m ea suring the phy sical, m ent al an d social function s of the elderlies, in order t o inv estigate the critical factor s for the health m aint en ance of fem ale elderlies and to dev elop their prev entiv e nursin g program. A total of 280 subject s ov er 65 y ear s old living in S eoul an d th e suburban area w ere select ed an d interview ed during th e period of S ept em ber an d October in 1995. T he m at erials collected w ere an aly zed statistically by u sin g SA S data proces sin g program, and th e result s and recom m endation s are sum m arized as follow s. 1. T h e phy sical health st at e of Kor ean elderly w om en w as ev alu at ed t o b e satisfactory by show in g an av erage score of 3.722 in 5.0 full- score scale. But this score w as low er than those ev alu ated for the elderlies com bin ed both sex es (4.054). T h e m ent al health state of the subject s w as als o ev alu at ed as high scorin g 3.484, pos sibly due t o th e fact that 78% of the subject s liv ed t og ether w ith th eir children ' s family. On the oth er h and, the s ocial health st at e of the subject s w a s relativ ely low scoring 2.585, m ainly du e to that 80% of them w a s w idow s w hich w as result ed by th e 6-7 y ear s long er life- ex pectan cy of Korean w om en. 2. A significant differen ces in the phy sical h ealth state scores b etw een different age groups w as ob serv ed, indicating the rapid ag ein g process occurring in this ag e group. T he fam ily stru cture w as appeared to be an im port ant factor influencing the phy sical h ealth st at e of th e fem ale elderlies ; th e phy sical health score of the w om en w ith her hu sband only w as higher th an that of those liv in g w ith children ' s fam ilies, an d the
low est score w as obtained from those living alone. 3. T he age was the most important factor determining the mental health state of the subj ect s, w hile the religion, edu cational st atu s, m arriage stat e an d fam ily stru cture did n ot significantly influ en ced the m ent al health st at e of the ag ed w om en. 4. T he social health state of the subject was deeply influenced by the marriage state and fam ily structure, sh ow ing significantly low er scores w ith w idow er s compared t o the m arried couples. T h ose livin g w ith their m arried spou se only obtain ed the highest social health score, w hile those living along sh ow ed the low est score. T he parent an d grandparent ship of those living w ith their children an d the religion, especially Catholic and Protestant, had positiv e influ ence on the social h ealth stat e of the ag ed w om en. 5. T h e m ent al health st at e of ag ed w om en show ed significant correlation w ith the fact or s determ ining the phy sical health, ex cept for digestiv e sy st em r elat ed ability and sex ual ability an d the high est ex tra hom e ability. 6. T h e m ent al health st at e of ag ed w om en show ed significant correlation w ith the fact ors determ ining social h ealth, especially w ith the parent an d gran dparent ship and the fam ily relativ e ' s role. F rom th ese result s, the follow in g recom m endation s are m ade. 1. Sin ce the phy sical, m ental and social health st at es of ag ed people ar e deeply influen ced by the sex an d th e av erag e v alues of the both sex can creat e m isleading figures, th e health ev aluation of the elderlies sh ould be m ade separat ely by sex. 2. Since th e health state of ag ed w om en is highly influ enced by their fam ily stru ctur e, the spou se ' s role an d living w ith m arried couple only should be em ph asized in respect of prev entiv e health care. 3. T h e social activity program s and gran dparent ship t eachin g program s should be prepared in th e nursin g care program for ag ed people.