* Cushway (1996) (MHPSS) (K-CSS). MHPSS. K-CSS, 269 MHPSS,,,., K-CSS 4 (,,, ) 36., K-CSS,. K-CSS,, K-CSS, K-CSS. K-CSS,. * 2013. (Corresponding Author): / / 521-5 Tel: 031-790-2900 / E-mail: isohwa@dreamwiz.com
,,, (Barnett et al., 2007)., (Cooper, 1986). (Maslach, Schaufeli, & Leiter, 2001). Pope, Tabachnick Keith-Speigel(1987: Feliciano, 2005 ) 62.2% (distress), 85%.. (Corey, 1991/1996), (Hubble, Duncan, & Millor, 1999),,, (Mark & Stebnicki, 2008/2010). 1952 (, 1996),. 1990 1999 1988 2003 (,, 2000;, 2003),. Freudenberger(1974). 1980 (Gray, 1982; Hellman, Morrison & Abramowitz, 1987; Maslach & Jackson, 1981; Wise, 1985), 1990,, (Figley, 1995; McCann & Pearlman, 1990). (self-care) (,, 2012). (, 2003),. 2000 (, 2001;, 2002;,,, 2002),, (,,, 2011;,, 2012;, 2008;, 2009).. (,, 2003).
(D'Souza, Egan, & Rees, 2011; Mills & Huebner, 1998; Ross et al., 1989). 36%, 32.9% (Guy, Poelstra & Stark, 1989)., (,, 1991). (Parker & DeCotiis, 1983), (Hunter & Thatcher, 2007). (, 2002). (2009),,.,,,,,,, (Cushway, Tyler & Nolan, 1996; Farber & Heifetz, 1981, 1982; Shinn et al., 1984). (Cushway et al., 1996)., 5 Hellman (1987), Cushway (1996). (,., 2010)., (Teacher Occupational Stress Questionnaire), Gray(1982) (Counselor Occupational Stress Inventory) Wise (1985) (School Psychologist and Stress Inventory).. Maslach (1981) MBI(Maslach Burnout Inventory), (burnout) (Cushway et al., 1996). Cushway (1996) (Cushway, 1992; Cushway & Tyler, 1994; Dawkins, Depp & Selzer, 1985; Hellman et al., 1987)
, Mental Health Professionals Stress Scale (MHPSS).,,, 7 42.. Cushway (1996), MHPSS (General Health Questionnaire-28), (Symptom Checklist-90-Revision),,. MHPSS (Sorgaard, Ryan, & Dawson, 2010; Jenkins & Elliott, 2004), (Brady et al., 2012; Sɵrgaard et al., 2007; King, 2009), (Delardo, 2007; Feliciano, 2005),. Mehrotra, Rao Subbakrishna(2000) MHPSS Cushway (1996).,,,, 4, 42 35. MHPSS.,....,. 30..,,,. MHPSS
. MHPSS 7, 42. MHPSS,,,.,.,,,,. 16 (5.9%). 65 (24.25), 61 (22.7%), 49 (18.2%), 31 (11.5%), 25 (9.3%), 17 (6.3%), 9 (3.35), 7 (2.6%), 5 (1.9%). 180 (66.9%), 89 (33.1%), 34.40. 182 (67.8%), 44 (16.4%), 24 (8.9%), 14 (5.2%), 4 (1.5%). 20 (7.4%), 249 (92.6%), 34.75, 24 56. 151 (56.1%), 111 (41.3%), 5 (1.8%). 62.11 ( 5 2 ), 2 264 (22 ), 269.27, 44.88, ( ) 44.28. 15 269.,, MHPSS, 2, 15.,,. 128 (47.6%), 75 (27.9%), 13 (4.8%), 25 (9.3%), 12 (4.5%), (Korean Counselor Stress Scale; K-CSS) Cushway (1996) MHPSS.., MHPSS 1., 1 2., 2 2.,
.,, 4 25., 28..,,,,,, 7 42. 4 Likert (0=, 3= ). Cushway (1996) (Cronbach α).77,.74,.81,.77,.60,.87,.61,.87. (Korean Counselor Burnout Inventory; K-CBI) K-CSS, Lee (2007: Yu, Lee, & Nesbit, 2008 ) CBI Yu (2008).,,,, 5, 20. 5 Likert (0=, 4= ). Yu (2008) (Cronbach α).83,.85,.83,.81,.78,.92,.84,.91,.87,.88,.86,.95. K-CSS, (1994). Scarpello Campbell(1983:, 1994 ), (1992:, 1994 ) (1991:, 1994 ),,,, 5, 25. 7 Likert (1=, 7= ). (1994) (Cronbach α).87,.78,.79,.68,.44,.91,.93,.82,.86,.82,.61,.95. (Social Desirability Scale).
Crown Marlowe(1964:, 1998 ) 33. 13. /,.. (1988) (Cronbach α).74,.64.. (, ), 1,305. 601 (64%), 85, 619. SurveyASP 1,,. 333 51, 50, 232., 81, 54 66%. 286, 15 5, 1 10, 2 269. K-CSS SPSS 18.0, (principal axis factoring), VARIMAX (parallel analysis). K-CSS AMOS 18. K-CSS (Cronbach α),,..,,,,,. K-CSS. Cushway (1996) Mehrotra (2000),
(, 1994)., Barlett (p <.001), KMO.964. K-CSS 42 VARIMAX. 1 6, 1, 2. 4, 2. 4. 1, 2. 3, 4,,. (1999).30, 2.30..10 1, 5, 30, 33, 38, 42 (Safren, Truk, & Heimberg, 1997), 36 K-CSS, 4 56.01% 1. K-CSS AMOS 18 Cushway (1996) 42 7, 36 4. 2. 7 χ 2, χ 2 (, 2000). RMSEA.06,.06.08 (Hu & Bentler, 1999), NNFI CFI.90 (Bentler, 1990). CFI..870, NNFI.853, NFI.792, RMSEA.069. 4 χ 2, CFI.915, NNFI.904, NFI.839, RMSEA.058 7. K-CSS Cushway (1996) 42 7 36 4. 4 1, (.74 ~.82)...
1 2 3 4 1.528.192.247.440 7.533.206.172.278 8.607.256.173.440 15.564.318.347.168 21.588.213.276.192 22 ( ).544.130.373.308 28, ( ).489.209.366.301 29.728.223.190.309 36.603.161.270.242 42.439.226.413.270 3.346.605.133.433 5.421.435.120.531 12,.195.461.245.279 19 /.283.655.244.296 24 ( ).230.604.274.356 33 /.305.514.276.471 38.230.492.227.487 40.297.660.264.340 2.082.227.508.154 6 ( ).308.116.634.124 9.254.106.522.338 13.282.122.725.118 14.259.238.516.242 16 ( ) -.001.085.632.143 20 ( ).253.104.719.138 23 ( ).250.166.620.253 26 ( ).304.220.516.402 27 ( ).174.118.679.172 34.104.182.539.194 37.204.196.593.198 41 ( ).179.084.706.268 4 (.,, ).334.209.147.686 10.329.262.242.604 11.295.257.231.672 17.207.279.317.623 18.142.226.331.478 25 (.,, ).330.258.390.510 30 ( ).272.143.385.456 31.285.176.303.733 32.238.260.284.652 35.193.290.372.595 39.222.250.191.669. N=266. 1= ; 2= ; 3= ; 4 =
χ 2 df p CFI NNFI NFI RMSEA 7 1820.090 798.000.870.853.792.069 4 1127.001 588.000.915.904.839.058 K-CSS,.90,.89,.92,.94,.97.. (r=.111).. K-CSS,
., K-CSS,., K-CSS,,,,,,,. K-CSS,,,,,,,,,,,,.,. 3.,,,,,, 4.,.,,,,. K-MHPSS 1..603**.506**.650**.488**.642** 2..476**.423**.725**.441**.604** 3..566**.653**.533**.697**.691** 4..535**.524**.608**.562**.639** 5..638**.414**.512**.467**.579** 6..681**.611**.721**.645**.760** 7. -.294** -.484** -.263** -.442** -.408** 8. -.240** -.343** -.165** -.315** -.290** 9. -.217** -.364** -.086** -.209** -.223** 10. -.093** -.212** -.085** -.315** -.202** 11. -.185** -.362** -.136** -.166** -.217** 12. -.287** -.471** -.207** -.382** -.363**. *p <.05, **p <.01 K-CSS( + + + ) ( + + + + ) ( + + + + )
1..165** -.090 -.079 -.080 -.020.103 2..119 -.136* -.122* -.150* -.027.081 3..034 -.229** -.060 -.040 -.090.045 4..286** -.051 -.115 -.136* -.028.168* 5. K-CSS.176** -.145* -.103 -.109 -.011.117. *p <.05, **p <.01 (, ) K-CSS( + + + ).,,,,.,,,,..,, ( 5 ). (MHPSS) 7 42 1. -.190*.051 -.077 -.026 -.058 -.098 -.011.097.015.155 2. -.286**.100 -.192** -.018 -.127 -.177 -.004.130 -.020.207 3. -.295** -.119 -.063 -.051 -.079.020 -.110 -.035.027.051 4. -.186*.108 -.143.003 -.131 -.123 -.018.103.039.210 5. K-MHPSS -.269**.028 -.125 -.026 -.110 -.092 -.149.073.024.167. *p <.05, **p <.01 K-CSS( + + + )
,,,,,,.., K-CSS 7 4,., 7 MHPSS K-CSS,,. Mehrotra (2000),.,., K-CSS MHPSS. MHPSS, /... (Gray, 1982; Wise, 1985). K-CSS MHPSS,. (,, ) 21.5%, (, 2003). (, 1997) (,, 2002). MHPSS, K-CSS..,, (1998a)., K-CSS,, K-CSS.
(D'Souza, et al., 2011; Jenkins et al., 2004; Mills et al. 1998). K-CSS, (, 2008;, 2005; Cushway et al., 1996)., K-CSS.,,,,,.,.,,,,, (, 2003).,,. (Cushway et al., 1994; Feliciano, 2005), (Farber et al., 1981, 1982)..,,. (Cushway et al., 1994),.. (, 2005), (, 2006)..,, (Darongkamas, Burton & Cushway, 1994; Norcross, Dryden, & DeMichele, 1992) (, 2009). K-CSS.,., (, 1998b)
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Validation of the Counselor Stress Scale on Samples of Korean Counselors Hanam-Si Social Welfare Center Konkuk University This study examined validity of the Korean translated version of the Mental Health Professionals Stress Scale(Cushway et al., 1996). The MHPSS was developed to identify specific sources of stress amongst mental health professionals. The data for this study obtained by using Korean translated version of the MHPSS, the Korean-Counselor Burnout Inventory, the job satisfaction and the social desirability scale were administered to counseling center counselors(n=269) in Korea. The results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that 4-factor(workload, organizational-related difficulties, counseling-related difficulties and relationships conflicts), 36-item scale fits better responses to K-CSS than the original MHPSS 7-factor, 42-item scale. The results of correlation analysis, K-CSS were positive relationships with the K-CBI and negative relationships with the job satisfaction. The outcomes of this study provide preliminary support for the translated version of the MHPSS with counselors in Korea. Finally this study showed a significance and suggested the limit of this study and the further study. Key words : counselor, counselor stress scale, validation, job stress