Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.7, No.2, February (2017), pp. 473-484 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2017.02.16 발달장애아동어머니의인지적정서조절전략이 양육스트레스에미치는영향 사회적지지의매개효과 하진규김지신안지영 요약 본연구의목적은어머니의인지적정서조절전략과사회적지지가양육스트레스에미치는영향을알아보고인지적정서조절전략이양육스트레스에영향을미치는과정에서사회적지지가매개역할을하는지를검증하는데있다본연구는경기인천지역소재재활병원과치료기관에서표집된만세의발달장애아동어머니명을대상으로실시되었다연구결과를요약하면다음과같다첫째어머니의인지적정서조절전략중에서적응적인전략은양육스트레스에유의미한부적인영향을미쳤고부적응적인전략은양육스트레스에유의미한정적인영향을미쳤다둘째사회적지지는양육스트레스에유의미한부적영향을미치는것으로나타났다셋째사회적지지는인지적정서조절전략중적응적인전략이양육스트레스에미치는영향을부분적으로매개하는것으로나타났다이러한결과를통하여발달장애아동을둔어머니의양육스트레스를완화시키기위해서어머니의인지적정서조절전략과같은개인적인변인및사회적지지라는환경적변인의중요한역할이확인되었다핵심어발달장애아동양육스트레스인지적정서조절전략사회적지지 Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of cognitive emotional regulation strategy and social support of mothers on parenting stress. This study also examined if social supports played a mediating role in the process that cognitive emotional regulation strategies affect parenting stress. The Received (November 27, 2016), Review Result (December 9, 2016) Accepted (December 16, 2016), Published (February 28, 2017) ISSN: 2383-5281 AJMAHS Copyright 2017 HSST 473
subjects of the study were 200 mothers of a child with developmental disabilities at the age of 3~12 sampled from rehabilitation hospitals and therapy centers in Kyeonggi and Incheon area. The results were as follows: First, adaptive strategy in mothers' cognitive emotional regulation strategies had a significant negative influence on parenting stress and maladaptive strategy had a significant positive influence on parenting stress. Second, social support had a significant negative influence on parenting stress. Third, the influence of adaptive strategy in cognitive emotional regulation strategies on parenting stress was partially mediated by social support. These results highlight that individual variables like cognitive emotional regulation strategies and environmental variables like social support play a significant role to relieve parenting stress of developmentally disabled children's mothers. Key Words : Child with developmental disabilities, Parenting Stress, Cognitive Emotional Regulation Strategies, Social Support 서론 한가정에서자녀의장애를발견하게되면예기치못한어려움으로가족의기능과체계가변화하게되고이로인해가족생활의적응양상이달라진다발달이늦거나장애가있는아동의경우특히부모의양육태도와스트레스는어머니의심리적안녕감은물론양육의질에부정적인영향을미치며아동의적응에도결정적인역할을하는것으로알려진다한편장애아동을둔부모모두가동일하게심각한수준의양육스트레스와부정적경험을하는것은아니며자녀의장애를얼마나수용하고어떻게해석하는가에따라부모의양육스트레스수준은달라진다고보고된다또한양육스트레스를완화시키는요인으로알려지는대처자원은내적자원과외적자원으로분류할수있다내적자원은양육스트레스상황에대처하는개인의내적특성으로부모의정서조절자아존중감자기신뢰등이포함되며외적자원은개인이받고있는사회적지지및자원을비롯한개인의외부적사회환경등이예가될수있다내적자원중의하나인인지적정서조절능력을바탕으로개인은사회적인문제를해결하고심리적안녕감을유지하며스트레스를조절해나가기도한다따라서발달장애아동어머니들이어떠한인지적정서조절전략을사용하는지에따라양육스트레스나적응또는삶의만족도의수준이차이가있을것으로예상된다이와더불어사회적지지는스트레스에대한지각정도에따라달라지는데특히발달장애자녀를둔가족전체의기능을원활하게이루어지도록하는데중요한역할을하며장기간의적응과정에서장애자녀의양육에수반되는다양한어머니의요구를수용하고대처하도록돕는다고보고되고있다이제까지의발달장애아동어머니에대한연구들은사회적지지가족탄력성등외부환경적요인에초점을둔연구들이대다수이며상대적으로어머니의정서조절전략과같이내적요인과사회적지지의외적요인을연관하는연구는많지않았다이에따라발달장애아동어머니의양육스트레스에대해탐색하고어머니의인지적정서조절전략과사회적지지가양육스트레스에미치는영향에대해연구하는것은중요한의미를가진다 474 Copyright 2017 HSST
본연구의연구문제는다음과같다. Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.7, No.2, February (2017) 발달장애아동어머니의인지적정서조절전략적응적전략및부적응적전략이양육스트레 스에유의한영향을미치는가 발달장애아동어머니의사회적지지가양육스트레스에유의한영향을미치는가 발달장애아동어머니의인지적정서조절전략적응적전략및부적응적전략이양육스트레 스에영향을미치는과정에서사회적지지가매개효과를갖는가 그림 연구모형 이론적배경 발달장애아동어머니의양육스트레스 발달장애아동어머니는비장애아동의부모보다훨씬더많은스트레스와좌절의위기를겪는다고보고되는데자녀의특성및다양한사건들로인해고통이극심하며이러한고통이부모자녀간역기능적상호작용을매개하여어머니의양육행동및태도에부정적인영향을미치게된다발달장애아동의어머니들은대부분장애자녀의양육과보살핌으로사회적활동에참여하기어렵게되고소외감과좌절감을느끼며경제적인부담과신체적인고통을호소하고자신이하고싶은것들을대부분포기해가며자녀를양육하고있다고보고한다양육스트레스와관련하여은역기능적인양육을결정하는요인을바탕으로부모의고통부모자녀역기능적인상호작용아동의까다로운기질을하위변인으로설명하였다부모의고통은양육과관련된부모의직접적인개인적요인이며부모역할안에서의경험을의미한다부모자녀역기능적인상호작용은자녀와의상호작용으로부모가부정적인정서를경험하거나부모의기대에맞지않음을의미한다아동의까다로운기질은아동의적응요구기분활동및장애정도등부모가자녀를다루기어렵게하는행동적특성을말한다이와같은요인들로인하여발달장애아동어머니는 ISSN: 2383-5281 AJMAHS Copyright 2017 HSST 475
많은양육스트레스를경험하고또한부정적인양육태도를나타내기도한다장애자녀를양육하면서경험하는스트레스는부모가가진내외적자원에따라서장애자녀를수용하고자녀의장애를해석하는정도가달라질수있으며부모의양육스트레스수준도영향을받는다고볼수있다이에장애아동으로인하여어머니가겪는양육스트레스를완화시키고장애자녀의양육을돕는데영향을미치는요인들에대하여알아보고자한다 양육스트레스에영향을미치는요인인지적정서조절전략 인지적정서조절이란다양한상황에서자신이바라는결과를위해인지적인방법으로처리하는개인적인능력과기술을뜻한다이러한능력을바탕으로사회적문제상황에서자신의대처방식대로대인문제를해결해가고개인의심리적안녕감을유지하고조절해나갈수있다와동료들은인지적정서조절전략에대하여적응적인전략과부적응적인전략으로나누어적응적인전략에는긍정적초점변경긍정적재평가조망확대계획다시생각하기및수용부적응적인전략에는반추혹은사고에초점두기자기비난타인비난파국화의가지변인을제시하였다이를적용한연구들에서는적응적인전략을많이사용할수록우울과불안증상이적게나타내고부적응적인전략을쓸수록우울과불안등부적응적인증상을더많이나타낸다고보고되었다또한장애아동부모가양육스트레스를높게지각할수록긍정적해석정서적진정등의대처방식을더적게사용하며자기비난을많이하고사회적지원을구하려는노력을더적게하는것으로나타나서인지적정서조절전략은일상생활적응이나양육스트레스에유관한상관이있음이제시되고있다이상에서발달장애아동어머니들이인지적정서조절전략을사용하는방략에따라양육스트레스나적응또는삶의만족도의수준이차이가있는것으로보이며인지적정서조절전략은양육스트레스와밀접한관계가있어적응적인전략과부적응적인전략의사용에따라양육스트레스가증가또는감소할것으로유추할수있다 사회적지지 사회적지지의개념은정서적지지평가적지지정보적지지물질적지지중한가지이상을포함하는대인관계적인상호교류로정의된다이를구체적으로살펴보면정서적지지는사랑관심신뢰애정감정이입친밀감경청등을말하며평가적지지는칭찬인정수용긍정적환류긍정적자기평가등자신의행동에대한긍정또는부정의피드백제공하는행위를의미하고정보적지지는개인이문제를해결하는데이용할수있는정보를제공하거나그들이사회적서비 476 Copyright 2017 HSST
Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.7, No.2, February (2017) 스를활용하도록돕는것이며물질적지지는일을대신하거나돈이나물건을제공하는등도움이 필요한경우직접적으로도움을주는것을의미한다 어머니의외적자원으로서사회적지지는장애부모의긍정적양육행동을촉진하고부모의심리 적적응을돕고좌절을극복할수있도록도움을준다 또한사회적지지와양육스트레스에대 한연구를살펴보면어머니가양육스트레스를많이받을수록긍정적대처방식을더적게사용하 고부정적인대처방식을많이사용하며사회적지원을받으려는노력은적게하는것으로보고되 고있다 이상의선행연구들에서발달장애아동어머니의양육스트레스완화에사회적지지는중요한영 향을미친다고할수있다 한편인지적정서조절전략과사회적지지간에도연관성이보고되는데예를들어적절하고적 응된정서표현을하는사람은주위사람들로부터사회적지지를얻는다는결과 사람은인지적정서조절전략중적응적인전략을많이사용하고 가지고있어심리적안녕감이높이는데매개효과를가진다는결과 와긍정적인은 더넓은사회적지지관계망을 등이제시되고있다 따라서어머니의인지적정서조절전략과사회적지지는각각양육스트레스에영향을주며 지적정서조절전략과사회적지지의연관성이보고되므로인지적정서조절전략이양육스트레스에 영향을미치는과정에서사회적지지의매개역할을유추해볼수있다 이에본연구는어머니의내적자원인인지적정서조절전략과외적자원인사회적지지가발달 장애아동어머니의양육스트레스에어떤영향을미치며 미치는영향에서사회적지지가매개역할을하는지알아보고자한다 인 인지적정서조절전략이양육스트레스에 연구대상 연구방법 본연구는경기인천지역소재의소아재활병원사설치료기관등을이용하는만세에서세 이하발달장애아동의어머니 명을대상으로하였다본연구에참여한발달장애아동과부모의 인구사회학적특성은다음과같다발달장애아동의성별은남아명여아명이며 연령은만세명만세명만세명만세명로구성되었다어머니연령은세이하세세이하가많았고아버지연령 은세이하세세이하로나타났다또한어머니직업은전업주부전문직순이었고아버지직업은사무직자영업전문직순으로나타났 다 ISSN: 2383-5281 AJMAHS Copyright 2017 HSST 477
연구도구 양육스트레스 발달장애아동부모의스트레스수준을측정하기위해 이개발한 를전혜인이번안한를사용하였다 본척도는총문항으로점척도로평정되며점수가높을수록양육으로인한스트레스수준이 높은것으로해석된다본척도는어머니의양육스트레스를부모의고통부모자녀간의역기능적 인상호작용아동의까다로운기질요인으로제시한다양육스트레스전체문항의 α 값은 로신뢰로운편이었다 인지적정서조절전략 본연구에서는정서조절전략을측정하기위해등이개발하고김소희가번 안한인지적정서조절전략질문지 를사용하 였으며총문항이고점척도방식으로구성되었다긍정적초점변경긍정적재평가조 망확대계획다시생각하기수용은적응적인전략에속하며반추자기비난타인비난파국화는 부적응적인전략에속한다 인지적정서조절전략의적응적인전략문항의 α 값은부적응적인전략문 항의 α 값은으로신뢰로운편이었다 사회적지지 사회적지지척도는박지원이개발한사회적지지체계측정도구중에서기능적지지 문항을문항으로재구성한구일숙의척도를사용하였다사회적지지척도는정보적 지지정서적지지물질적지지평가적지지의하위영역으로구성되며사회적지지전체 의 α 값은으로나타났다 연구절차 문항 본연구의자료수집은연구자가해당기관의실무담당자에게협조를얻어각기관의사회복지 년월부터월까지 사치료사를통하여방문또는우편으로설문지를배부및회수하였다총부의설문지를배포하였고부를회수하였다그중누락되거나불성실한응답을한부 의설문지를제외하고총 부를분석하였다자료분석은 통계프로그램을이용 하여분석하였다 478 Copyright 2017 HSST
Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.7, No.2, February (2017) 연구결과 주요변인들의기술통계 본연구의주요변인에대한상관관계및기술통계를분석한결과는표과같다인지적정서조절전략과양육스트레스와의관계에있어적응적인전략과는유의미한부적상관을부적응적인전략과는유의미한정적상관을나타내어적응적인전략이높으면양육스트레스가낮게나타나고부적응적인전략이높으면양육스트레스도높게나타났다둘째인지적정서조절전략과사회적지지의관계에서적응적인전략과사회적지지의정서적지지평가적지지물질적지지정보적지지모두높은유의미한정적상관으로나타난반면부적응적인전략과는유의미한상관이나타나지않았다셋째사회적지지와양육스트레스와의관계에서정서적지지평가적지지물질적지지정보적지지모두와유의미한부적인상관을나타내었다즉사회적지지가낮을수록양육스트레스는높게나타났다 표 주요변인들간의상관계수평균및표준편차 1. 정서적지지 1 2. 평가적지지.904 ** 1 3. 물질적지지.890 **.837 ** 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4. 정보적지지.877 **.843 **.846 ** 1 5. 적응적전략.370 **.362 **.277 **.352 ** 1 6. 부적응적전략 -.017 -.009 -.055.070.167 * 1 7. 양육스트레스 -.415 ** -.389 ** -.371 ** -.399 ** -.219 **.402 ** 1 평균 3.42 3.44 3.34 3.27 3.19 2.51 2.46 표준편차.972.922 1.005.997.637.604.646 인지적정서조절전략이양육스트레스에미치는영향 발달장애아동어머니의인지적정서조절전략이양육스트레스에미치는영향을알아보기위해변인들간의중다회귀분석을실시하였다분석결과표어머니의인지적정서조절전략의하위요인중적응적인전략및부적응적인전략모두양육스트레스에유의미한영향을미치는것으로 β β 나타났다즉적응적인전략을사용할수록양육스트레스가낮고 ISSN: 2383-5281 AJMAHS Copyright 2017 HSST 479
부적응적인전략을사용할수록양육스트레스는높음을알수있다 표 인지적정서조절전략이양육스트레스에미치는영향에대한회귀분석 종속변인독립변인 B(SE) β t R² F 양육스트레스 적응적인전략 -.299(.064) -.295-4.69 ***.246 32.14 *** 부적응적인전략.483(.067).451 7.19 *** 사회적지지가양육스트레스에미치는영향 발달장애아동어머니의사회적지지가양육스트레스에미치는영향을알아보기위해중다회귀분석을실시한결과표어머니의사회적지지전체는양육스트레스에유의미한영향을미치는 것으로나타났다 β 정서적지지는양육스트레스에유의미한영향을미치는데 β 비하여평가적지지및물질적지지정보적지지는유의미한영향을미치지않는것으로나타나 β β β 주변으로부터정서적인지지를많이 받을수록양육스트레스를적게받는것으로보여진다 표 사회적지지가양육스트레스에미치는영향에대한회귀분석 종속변인독립변인 B(SE) β t R² F 양육스트레스 사회적지지 ( 전체) -.290(.045) -.415-6.41 ***.172 41.07 *** 정서적지지 -.187(.129) -.281-1.45 * 평가적지지 -.029(.110) -.042 -.27 물질적지지.030(.096).047.31 정보적지지 -.101(.094) -.156-1.08.178 10.55 *** 인지적정서조절전략이양육스트레스에미치는영향에대한사회적지지의매개효과 발달장애아동어머니의인지적정서조절전략이양육스트레스에영향을미치는과정에서사회적 지지가매개효과를나타내는지알아보기위해과가제시한절차에따라위계적 회귀분석을실시하였다표와같이단계에서인지적정서조절전략중적응적인전략은양육스트레스에유의미한영 480 Copyright 2017 HSST
향을미쳐서 β 다 Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.7, No.2, February (2017) 적응적인전략이높을수록양육스트레스를적게받는것으로나타났 단계에서적응적인전략은매개변인인사회적지지에유의미한영향을미쳐 β 적응적인전략이높을수록사회적지지가높은것으로나타났다또한단계에서매개변인인사회적지지는양육스트레스에유의미한영향을미쳐 β 사회적지지가높을수록양육스 트레스를적게받는것으로나타났다마지막단계의위계적회귀분석에서사회적지지를통제한후적응적인전략이양육스트레스에미치는영향력이단계보다크게줄어드는것으로나타나 β 로매개하는것으로나타났다 사회적지지가적응적인전략이어머니의양육스트레스에미치는영향을부분적으 한편인지적정서조절전략중부적응적전략은양육스트레스에대해유의한영향을미치나 β 사회적지지에는유의한영향이나타나지않아서 β 효과에대한검증은이루어지지않았다 사회적지지의매개 표 발달장애아동어머니의적응적인전략이양육스트레스에미치는영향에대한사회적지지의매개효과 단계 1 단계독립 종속 2 단계독립 매개 3 단계매개 종속 4 단계매개통제 변인적응적전략 양육스트레스적응적전략 사회적지지사회적지지 양육스트레스 적응적전략 양육스트레스 양육스트레스 B(SE) β t F R² -.223-3.16 * -.219 * 10.00 **.048 (.070).519.358 5.40 *** 29.11 ***.128 (.096) -.290 (.045) -.082 (.070) -.415-6.41 * ** 41.08 ***.172 -.081-1.17 21.27 ***.178 또한독립변인이종속변인에미치는영향력의변화를비교하여매개효과를확인하고매개효과 의유의성을검증하기위해 를실시하였으며그결과 값이 로유의하게나 타났다표 표 검증결과 a(sea) b(seb) Z.519(.096) -.290(.045) -4.14 *** ISSN: 2383-5281 AJMAHS Copyright 2017 HSST 481
결론및제언 본연구는발달장애아동어머니의양육스트레스에영향을미치는요인들을알아보고자하였으 며연구결과는다음과같다첫째발달장애아동어머니의인지적정서조절전략중적응적인전략 은양육스트레스에유의한부적영향을미치고부적응적인전략은정적영향을미치는것으로나 타났다 이는인지적정서조절전략중적응적인전략을사용하면양육스트레스수준이낮아지며 반대로부적응적인전략을사용하면양육스트레스는높아짐을의미한다이러한결과는장애아동 어머니의양육스트레스가낮으면적응적인전략을많이쓰고부적응적인전략은적게써서심리 적안녕감이높아지며양육스트레스가높을때에는적응적인전략은적게쓰고부적응적인전략 을많이쓰게되어심리적안녕감이낮아진다는결과와부분적으로일치하였다둘째발달장애아동어머니의사회적지지가양육스트레스에미치는영향에있어서전체사회적 지지는양육스트레스에유의미한부적영향을미치는것으로나타났다이는외부적요인인사회 적지지를많이받으면완충되는효과로양육스트레스가감소한다는여러선행연구의결과와일치 된다고볼수있다셋째발달장애아동어머니의인지적정서조절전략중적응적인전략이양육스트레스에영향을 미치는과정에서사회적지지가부분적으로매개하는것으로나타났다이와같은결과는인지적 정서조절전략중적응적인전략을많이사용하면외부로부터사회적지지를많이받게되어양육 스트레스가더감소하게되고사회적지지가매개적역할을한다는선행연구들 과맥을같 이한다이를통해어머니의인지적정서조절능력은양육스트레스에직접적으로영향을미칠뿐 아니라적응적인전략과양육스트레스의관계에서사회적지지의부분적인매개역할이검증되었 다한편인지적정서조절전략중부적응적인전략이양육스트레스에영향을미치는과정에서사 회적지지의매개효과는나타나지않았다이는발달장애아동어머니의양육스트레스가높을수록 적응적인전략을적게사용하고부정적인정서를많이경험하여사회적지지를받으려는노력도 적게한다고한연구결과 와는다른결과이다 앞에서제시된본연구결과들을종합해볼때발달장애아동어머니의양육스트레스를감소하기 위해서는부모교육및훈련과상담을통해개인내적자원인인지적정서조절능력을향상시키고 외부의사회적지지를적극적으로활용할수있도록하는역할이중요할것으로추론된다끝으로본연구의제한점과추후의연구를위한제언을밝히면첫째본연구대상이경기인천 지역에한정되고장애의특성이명확하게구분되지못하여일반화하기어렵다따라서다양한발 달장애아동어머니집단을대상으로본연구결과를반복검증해볼필요가있다둘째자료수집방법이대상자의주관적지각에기초한자기보고식설문지를이용하여응답자의편견이내포되어객 관성이떨어질소지가있으므로추후연구에서는질적연구등다양한조사방법이적용될필요가 있다본연구의결과를통해발달장애아동어머니대상의다양한치료영역및부모상담현장에서 482 Copyright 2017 HSST
Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.7, No.2, February (2017) 어머니들이사용하는인지적정서조절전략을확인하고 기여하게될것이다 사회적지지를활용할수있도록하는데 References [1] H. W. Kim, Relationship between Mother's Personality types and Parental Stress of mothers with developmental disability children, Graduate School of Public Health Kyungpook National University (2011) [2] Y. H. Kang, A Study on Mothers` Parenting Stress in hearing-disabled preschool children : Focus on control effects of the stress coping method, Department of Social Welfare, The Graduate School of social welfare, Ewha Womans University (2002) [3] I. S. Koo, The Relationship of Self-esteem and Social Support to Degree of Stress in Child-rearing among Mothers Having Children with Disabilities, Department of Psychotherapy Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science. Deagu University (2007) [4] E. Y. Kim, Influence of social supports and communication between spouses on Bringing-Up stress of mothers of children with developmental disability, Department : Social Welfare Studies Major : Welfare Business Management Graduate School of Social Welfare, Kkottongnae University (2013) [5] S. K. Kim, Maternal Parenting Stress, Social Support and Parenting Behaviors with Preschool Children with Disabilities: The Mediating Effect of Parenting Efficacy, Department of Child Family Studies Graduate School, Kyungpook National University (2009) [6] S. H. Kim, A qualitative research on mother's experience of children with disability : focusing on parenting stress, parenting behaviors, social supports, Major in Psychotherapy. Graduate School of Special Education. Dankook University (2014) [7] H. Y. Woo, The Relationship between Parenting Stress and Psychological Well-being of Mothers of Children with Disability : The Mediating and Moderating Effects of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies, Department of Psychotherapy the Graduate School of Sungshin Women's University (2014) [8] Y. S. Bae, Developmental disorders impact the characteristics of the child to the mother's parenting stress: mother's failure to accept the parameter variables, the Graduate School of Korea University (2012) [9] N. Garnefski, V. Kraaij and P. Sponhoven, Negative life events, cognitive emotions regulation and emotional problems, Personality and Individual Differences (2001), 30, pp1311-1327. [10] N. Y. Kim, The Relationships between Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Stress Reaction in Psychiatric Outpatients: Centered on Major Depression Disorder, Department of Psychology Graduate School, Kangwon National University (2013) [11] M. J. Kim, The Effect of Optimism on Psychological Well-Being: Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Social Support as a Mediating Variable, Graduate School the Catholic University of korea (2006) [12] D. G. Lee, The Effects of Social Support on the Parenting Stress and Psychological Well-being of Mothers with Developmentally Disabled Children, The Journal of Child Education (2013), 22. No. 2, pp161-188. [13] D. W. Han, K. K. Chon, J. K. Tak, C. H. Lee and K. H. Lee, A study on the life maladjustment of college students, 92st The Korean Psychological Association (1992) ISSN: 2383-5281 AJMAHS Copyright 2017 HSST 483
[14] I. S. Cho, and G. A. Lee, A Study Examining the Differences in Stress Levels and Coping Mechanisms of Parents with Intellectual Disabilities, The Journal of Special Children Education. (2009), 11, No. 2, pp113-137. [15] R. A. Emmons, Emotional Conflict and Well-Being: Relation to Perceived Availability, Daily Utilization, and Observer Reports of Social Support, Journal of personality and social psychology (1995), 68, No.5, pp947. [16] H. I. Jeon, (The) effects of a parent-to-parent program on parenting stress, parental efficacy, and family empowerment in mothers of children with disabilities, Department of Special Education. The Graduate School of Ewha Womans University (2005) [17] S. H. Kim, A Study on Relationships Among the Stressful Events, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Psychological Well-Being, Graduate School the Catholic University of korea (2004) [18] J. W. Park, A Study to Development a Scale of Social Support. Department of Nursing, The Graduate School of Yonsei University (1985) [19] R. M. Baron and D. A. Kenny, The modertor - mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (1986), 51, pp1173-1182. [20] A. S. Troy, and I. B. Mauss, Resilience in the face of stress: emotion regulation as a protective factor, In s. M. Southwick, B. T. Litz, D. Charney and M. J. Freidman (Eds), Resilience and Mental Health: Challenges Across the Lifespan (30-44). Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press (2011) [21] I. O. Kim and W. R. Lee, A Study on Bringing-Up Stress and Social Support of the Parents of Children with Disabilities, Journal of Emotional & Behavioral Disorders, (2011), 27, No. 1, pp101-121. [22] S. J. Lee, The Relationship Between the Parenting Stress and Psychological Well-being of the Mothers of the Child with the Developmental Disability: Testing a Mediating Model of Active Coping Strategy and Social Support, The doctorate thesis of Jeonnam University (2005) 484 Copyright 2017 HSST