íêµê°ížêµì¡ííì§ì 22 ê¶ì 2 íž, 206 ë 5 ì J Korean Acad Soc Nurs Educ Vol.22 No.2, 9-20, May, 206 http://dx.doi.org/0.5977/jkasne.206.22.2.9 ìêžì¢ í©ë³ìì¢ ì¬ììë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íë íìíž ) í겜ì 2) ì¡°ì§ì ) ìë¡ ì°êµ¬ìíìì±ìë£êž°êŽì겜ì ì ìŽë €ì곌ì§íìë³µì¡ì±ë°ë€ìì±ìŒë¡ê°ížì 묎ìê°ëê°ìŠê°ëìììëë¶êµ¬íê³ íììì 곌ê°ížìì§ìëí볎ìŠììë£êž°êŽìŽíŽê²°íŽìŒí 죌ìì¬ììŽë€ (Raeissi, Reisi, & Nasiripour, 205; Toghian, Ahrari, & Alikhah, 204; Waeschle, Bauer, & Schmidt, 205). ìŽëìë£êž°êŽì방묞ííììê°ì¡±ë€ëªšëìì íí겜ìììë£ìë¹ì€ê°ì ê³µëꞰ륌Ʞëíêž°ë묞ìŽë€ (Kim, Kang, An, & Sung, 2007). ê·žë¬ëì ìíìì 3~4% ììì¬ì íìë£ì¬ê³ ìêŽë šëë¶ìì©ì¬ë¡ê°ë³Žê³ ëê³ ììŒë©°, ê·žì€ 25~50% ëì¬ì ìë°©ìŽê°ë¥íì¬ë¡ë¡ì¶ì ëë€ (Waeschle et al., 205). íììì ììííëìë£ì¬ê³ ëíì, 볎ížìëë¬Œë¡ ì§ìì¬íë¡ë¶í°ììë£ì§ìëíë¶ì ë¿ë§ìëëŒë³ììì¬ì ì ë¶ëŽììŽëí ìììŽ (Singer, Lin, Falwell, Gaba, & Baker, 2009) ì§ì¢ , ì§ì륌ë§ë¡ íê³ ë³ìì¢ ì¬ì몚ëìì§ìì ìžêŽì¬ê³Œë žë ¥ìŽíìíë€ (Ulrich & Kear, 204). ë°ëŒìíììì ììììŒë¡ë¶í°íì륌볎ížíëê²ìŽì£Œëª©íìŽë©°, ì¬ê³ 륌ìë°©íëíì±íëìë£ì ë¬ì²Žê³ìì€ìë¡ë¶í°ë°°ì°ëíìµë¬žííì±ìíììì 목íë¬ì±ì ë륌íìží ììëì€ìíìììŽë€ (Stevanin et al., 205). 믞êµìíìë°ë³ììì ìì€ííêž°ìíŽì íííìíìž, íšìšì ìì¬ìíµ, ìì íí¬ìœ, ìì겜볎ìì€í ê°í, ê° ìŒë°ëììë°©ë±ì목íë¡íê³ ììŒë©°, ìŽë¥ŒìíŽë³ìììì ê³µëë몚ë ìë£ìë¹ì€ëíììê²ìì ì (safe) ìŽê³ , íšê³Œì (effective), íìì€ì¬ì (patient-centered), ìêž°ì ì (timely) íì¬ìŒíë©°, íšìšì (efficient) ìŽê³ , ê³µì (equitable) íŽìŒíšìê°ì¡°íê³ ìë€ (Ulrich & Kear, 204). ì°ëŠ¬ëëŒë 2007ë ìë£êž°êŽíê° 2죌Ʞ륌Ʞì ìŒë¡ë³ìììì êŽëŠ¬ìëííê°ë¥Œë³žê²©ì ìŒë¡ììíìê³ 200ë ìë£ë²ê°ì 곌íšê»ìë£êž°êŽíê°ìžìŠì ë륌ëì íì¬íììì ë°ë³ììì ì€ì²ìë°ì°šë¥Œê°íê³ ìë€ (Hwang et al., 204). ìì íë³ìí겜ì구ì¶ê³Œìë£ì¬ê³ ìëíê°ë°©ì ìžë Œì륌íì©íëë³ìììì 묞íì¡°ì±ì (Kim et al., 2007; Kim & Kim, 202) ë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ìë³ììì íë곌ìììêŽêŽê³ê°ììŒë©°ë³ììì¡°ì§ì±ê³Œë°íì결곌ìëêžì ì ìí¥ì믞ì¹ë€ (Duff, 203; Hofmann & Mark, 2006; Ulrich & Kear, 205). ìë£ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ ìëíë³ììë¹ì§ë²ì íëë°ì€ì륌ìì©íëêŽëŠ¬ììíëëë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ììì íë ( íììì êŽëŠ¬, í겜ìì êŽëŠ¬, 볎ìë°ì¬ëêŽëŠ¬, ê°ìŒêŽëŠ¬ë± ) ìëíììì±ì°°ë°ë¹íì ì¬ê³ 륌ë ë €íê³ ìì íëìŽë°ëì§íë°©í¥ìŒë¡ëìê°ììëë¡ì ëíì¬ë³ìëŽìì ì¬ê³ ìšìê°ììí¬ììë€ (Kear & Ulrich, 205; Raeissi et al., 205). ê·žë¬ë¯ë¡ë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ììì 묞íìëíì¬ë°ë¥žìžììì±ê³µì ìžìì íëììŽììŽë ìììŒë©°, ì±ê³µì ìžìì íëììë¡ìŽìì 묞í륌찜조íëë°êž°ìŽë¥Œì ê³µíë¯ë¡ìì 묞íììì íëìì ìíìêŽê³ë¡ì§ìë ìë°ììë€ (Hemmat, Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, Mehrabi, & Zayeri, 205). ê·ž 죌ììŽ : ìžì, ë³ì, íì, ìì , ì¢ ì¬ì ) ì€ìëíêµìë£ë³Žê±Žëíê°íží곌, ì¡°êµì 2) ìë£êž°êŽíê°ìžìŠì, ì ëŽì¡°ì¬ì ( êµì ì ì E-mail: gusrudtns@hanmail.net) Received: January 24, 206 Revised: April, 206 Accepted: April 2, 206 íêµê°ížêµì¡ííì§ 22(2), 206 ë 5 ì 9
íìížìž ë¬ëë³ìëŽìì 묞íììì íëìŽìì¬ìê°ížì¬ì€ì¬ìŒë¡ì§íëê³ ìë (Choi, Lee, & Lee, 200; Park, Kang, & Lee, 202) íìì ììë³ìëŽìë£ì§ìë¶ì, íì ë°ìì€êŽëŠ¬ì§ìë€ìê·žëŠëíëšê³ŒíëìŒë¡ìžíŽìì ì¬ê³ ê°ë°ìí ììì (Yoon, Kim, & Wu, 204) ìê³ ë €íë€ë©Žë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ëªšë륌í¬íšíìì 묞íë°ìì íëê°íëíìì ìŽë€ (Hemmat et al., 205; Singer et al., 2009). í¹íë³ììì 묞íë°ìì íëìëíë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ê°ìì 볎공ì ëìì 묞íììì íëìêžì ì ìžë°©í¥ìŒë¡ìŽëìŽëŒììëì ì¬ì ê°ì¹ê°ìë€ (Singer et al., 2009). ë°ëŒì볎걎ì§, íì ì§ìë¬Œë¡ ì ê·ì§, ë¹ì ê·ì§ììŽë§ëŒíì 첎ë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íëì ë륌조ì¬íê³ ê·žê²°ê³Œìë°ëŒì²Žê³ì ìŽê³ íì€íëë³ììì êµì¡íë¡ê·žëšìì ì©íëê²ìŽíìë°ì§ììì ì볎ì¥í ììëì ëµìŽë ììë€. ìŽë귌묎ë¶ì, 귌묎íí, ì 묎ííìë°ëŒëŽì ëìì 묞íìžìì ëìì°šìŽê°ììììê³ ìì íëì ëëíë€ë¥Œììêž°ë묞ìŽë€. ì§êžê¹ì§ìë³ììì 묞íëëìì íë곌êŽë šëì íì°êµ¬ë¥ŒìŽíŽë³Žë©Žë³ìê°ížì¬ (Choi et al., 200; Kim et al., 2007; Park et al., 202), êµ°ë³ìê°ížì¬ (Hwang et al., 204), ê°ížì¬ìì¹ììì¬ (Kim & Kim, 202) ëëìììì€ì€ë¬Žì¢ ì¬ì (Yoon et al., 204; Yoon, Kim, & Kim, 203) ì€ì¬ìŒë¡ìŽë£šìŽì¡ìë¿ë€ìíì§ì¢ ìë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ìëììŒë¡íì°êµ¬ëìŽë£šìŽì§ì§ììë€. ì°ëŠ¬ëëŒìêžì¢ í©ë³ìì 204ë êž°ì€ 43ê°ë¡ìŽì€ 7ê°ìë£êž°êŽìŽììž (Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service [HIRA], 204) ììì¹íŽììŒë©°, ìŽë€ìë£êž°êŽìë³ìë°íììì 곌ìë£ìë¹ì€ì§í¥ìììíŽì ë¶ìììžìŠíëìë£êž°êŽìžìŠì ììë°ì ìŒë¡ì°žì¬íê³ ìë€. ìŽì, 볞ì°êµ¬ë 2죌Ʞìë£êž°êŽìžìŠíê°ë¥Œìëìêžì¢ í©ë³ììì¢ ì¬ìë€ìëììŒë¡ë³ììì 묞íì ëììì íëì ë륌ë¶ìíì¬ìžìŠíê°ì€ë¹ì ë륌ì ê²íê³ , ë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ììì íëì믞ì¹ëìí¥ììžìë¶ìíì¬ê·žê²°ê³Œë¥Œí ëë¡ë³ìë°íììì ìŠì§ììíêµì¡íë¡ê·žëšê°ë°ìêž°ìŽìë£ë¡ì ê³µíê³ ìíë€. ì°êµ¬ëª©ì ë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íë곌ììêŽêŽê³ë¥Œë¶ìíë€. ìêžì¢ í©ë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ììì íëì믞ì¹ëìí¥ììžììì볞ë€. ì©ìŽì ì ìêžì¢ í©ë³ìì¢ ì¬ììêžì¢ í©ë³ììŽëì€ìŠì§íìëíì¬ëìŽëê°ëììë£íì륌ì 묞ì ìŒë¡ííëì¢ í©ë³ìê°ìŽë°ìì ìì걎ìê°ì¶ê³ , 볎걎복ì§ë¶ì¥êŽìŽì§ì íëì 3ì°šìë£êžì¬êž°êŽ (HIRA, 204) ìŒë¡ìêžì¢ í©ë³ì귌묎ìëìêž°ìíŽë¹ëëìë£êž°êŽìì¢ ì¬íëìë€ìë§íë€. 볞ì°êµ¬ììë Sì Kë³ììììŒíëìë£ì§ìí¬íší볎걎ì§, íì ì§, ìì€êŽëŠ¬ì§ëªšë륌ì믞íë€. ë³ììì 묞íë³ììì 묞íëíìë°ë³ìì§ìë€ìììììë°©íêž°ìíë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ìëŽì¬íëê³µëìê°ì¹ì믿ììë°íìŒë¡íê°ë³ì , ì¡°ì§ì ìžíëíšíŽìì믞íëê²ìŒë¡ìì íëì귌거ê°ëëíí 륌ë§íë€ (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality[AHRQ], 2004; Singer et al, 2009). 볞ì°êµ¬ììë AHRQ (2004) ìì ìëí목ìêž°ìŽë¡íë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ìë³ììì 묞íìëíìžììì믞íë€. ë³ììì íëë³ììì ê°ížíëìŽëíììì ììŠì§ìí€êž°ìíŽííŽì§ëê°ížíëìì믞íë€ (Park et al., 202). 볞ì°êµ¬ììë 20ë ìë£êž°êŽìžìŠì¡°ì¬êž°ì€ì§ì귌거ë¡íë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ìì ë°ì ìžë³ììì íëìì믞íë€. ì°êµ¬ë°©ë² ì°êµ¬ì€ê³ë³žì°êµ¬ëë³ìì¢ ì¬ììë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íëì ë륌íì íê³ , ë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ììì íëì믞ì¹ëìí¥ììžìíìžíêž°ìíìì ì ì¡°ì¬ì°êµ¬ìŽë€. 볞ì°êµ¬ì목ì ì 2죌Ʞìë£êž°êŽìžìŠíê°ë¥Œìëìêžì¢ í©ë³ìì¢ ì¬ììë³ììì 묞íìžì곌귞ìë°ë¥žìì íëìììë³Žê³ ë³ìì¢ ì¬ë€ììì íëììí¥ì믞ì¹ëììžìë¶ìíëê²ìŽë©°êµ¬ì²Žì ìžëª©ì ìë€ì곌ê°ë€. ìêžì¢ í©ë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ìë³ììì 묞íìžìë°ìì íëì ë륌ììë³Žê³ ìŒë°ì í¹ì±ìë°ë¥žì°šìŽë¥Œë¶ìíë€. ì°êµ¬ëì볞ì°êµ¬ìëììë Sìììì¹í Kë³ìì귌묎íê³ ìëìë£ìž, 볎걎ì§, íì ì§, ìì€êŽëŠ¬ì§ìì¢ ì¬íë 33ëª ìë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ìëììŒë¡ì€ìíìë€. ì°êµ¬ëìììë G*Power 3..3ììŽì©íì¬ì°ì¶íìŒë©°, ë€ì€íê·ë¶ìììíì€ê°ì ë 92 íêµê°ížêµì¡ííì§ 22(2), 206 ë 5 ì
ìêžì¢ í©ë³ìì¢ ì¬ììë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íë ìíšê³Œí¬êž°.5, ê²ì ë ¥ (-β).80, ììž¡ê²ì ì ììì€ (α).05, êŽë šë³ìžìì륌 3ê°ë¡íì¬ì°ì¶íìµìí볞ììê° 3 ëª ìŒë¡ì ìëììŒë볞ì°êµ¬ìëììê°ë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ììê³ ë €íì¬ëìì륌ì ííì§ììë€. 귞결곌ì€ë¬žì§ìëµì 33ëª ì€ë¶ìì íìëµ, ì€ë¬žì€ëê±°ë¶ë¡ì¬ì©ìŽìŽë €ìŽ 0 ë¶ë¥Œì ìžíìŽ 303ë¶ììë£ë¥Œë¶ììì¬ì©íìë€. ì°êµ¬ë구 ììë£êž°êŽíê°ì¡°ì¬ììëììë°ì Kë³ìì방묞íì¬ê°ížë¶ì¥ë°ê°ë¶ìì¥ìê²ì°êµ¬ì목ì 곌방ë²ìì€ëª íê³ êµ¬ëë¡íëœìë°ìíì§ííìë€. ìë£ìì§ì 204ë 3ì 2ìŒë¶í° 4ì 30ìŒê¹ì§ë¡íììŒë©°ì ì êž°ì€ìë¶í©ëëëìììê²ì°êµ¬ëª©ì ìëíŽì¶©ë¶íì€ëª íê³ , ìŽììë°ì ìŒë¡ëìíììê²ìë©Žëì륌구íí구조íëì€ë¬žì§ë¥ŒìŽì©íì¬ì€ë¬žì¡°ì¬ë¥Œìííìë€. ì€ë¬žì§ëëììê°ì§ì ìì±íëë¡ì€ëª íìê³ ììëìê°ì 30ë¶ëŽìžìë€. ë³ììì 묞íìžìë³ììì 묞íìžìììž¡ì íêž°ìíŽ AHRQ (2004) ììê°ë°ííììì 묞íìž¡ì ëêµ¬ìž Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) ìŽ 69묞íìíêµìŽë¡ë²ìí Kim ë± (2007) ìë구륌ìë£êž°êŽíê°ìžìŠììììì¡°ì¬ììŽë©° K ë³ìì¡°ì¬ë¥ŒëŽë¹íê³ ìëê°ížë¶íì¥ ìžê³Œìê°ížì¬ 2ìž, ê°ížíêµì 2ìžìŽë¬žíìê²í íê³ ìì íì¬ìŽ 47ê°ë¬žíìëì¶íìë€. ìŽë구ìíë¶ìììŒë¡ëë¶ì / 곌귌묎í겜 20 묞í, ì§ììêŽ / êŽëŠ¬ìíë 4묞í, ìì¬ìíµê³Œì ì°š 8묞í, íììì ìì€ ë¬ží, ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ ë¹ë 4묞í, ë³ìí겜 0묞íë± 6ê°ìììŒë¡êµ¬ì±ëìŽìë€. ê°ë¬žíì 5ì ì²ëë¡ ë§€ì°ê·žë ë€ 5ì 맀ì°ê·žë ì§ìë€ ì ë±ìŒë¡ë°°ì íììŒë©°, ì ìê°ëììë¡ë³ììì 묞íìëíìžììŽëììì믞íë€. Kim ë± (2007) ìì°êµ¬ììë Cronbach's α=.90ìŽììŒë볞ì°êµ¬ììë Cronbach's α=.77ë¡ìž¡ì ëìë€. ìì íëìì íëììž¡ì íêž°ìíŽ 20ë ìë£êž°êŽìžìŠì¡°ì¬êž°ì€ì§ìí¬íšë 42ê°ë²ì£Œì€ë³ììì íë곌êŽë šëí목 7ê°ììììì 볎ìíì¬ìŽ 3묞íìì¬ì©íìë€. 볞ë구ìì í©ì 묎ìëŽì©íë¹ëê²ìŠììíŽìë£êž°êŽíê°ìžìŠììììì¡°ì¬ììŽë©° Kë³ìì¡°ì¬ë¥ŒëŽë¹íê³ ìëê°ížë¶íì¥ ìžê³Œìê°ížì¬ 2ìž, ìì¬ ìž, ê°ížíêµì 2ìžìì 묞ê°ì§ëšìê²°ì±íì¬ë Œìíìë€. 귞결곌 7ê°ìì, 3묞íìŽìµì¢ ê²°ì ëììŒë©°, íë¶ìììììì 4묞í, í겜ìì êŽëŠ¬ 5묞í, ê°ìŒêŽëŠ¬ 7묞í, 볎ìêŽëŠ¬ 3묞í, ì¬ëêŽëŠ¬ 3묞í, íë ¥êŽëŠ¬ 4 묞í, ê°ìžì ë³Žë³Žíž / 볎ì첎ê³êŽëŠ¬ 5묞íë±ìŒë¡êµ¬ì±ëìë€. ê°ë¬žíì 5ì ì²ëë¡ ë§€ì°ê·žë ë€ 5ì 맀ì°ê·žë ì§ìë€ ì ë±ìŒë¡ë°°ì íììŒë©°, ì ìê°ëììë¡ìì íëììíì ëê°ëììì믞íë€. 볞ë구ìì 뢰ë Cronbach's α=.95 ìŽìë€. ìë£ìì§ë°©ë²ì°êµ¬ëìì몚ì§ììíŽì°êµ¬ììì Sìììì¹í Kë³ ì°êµ¬ìì€ëŠ¬ì ê³ ë €ë³žì°êµ¬ëì°êµ¬ëìììì€ëŠ¬ì 볎ížë¥ŒìíŽ Kë³ìì°êµ¬ì€ëŠ¬ììíì°êµ¬ì¹ìž (IRB: KBC306) ìë°ìíì§ííìë€. ìì§ëìë£ëì°êµ¬ëª©ì ìŒë¡ë§ì¬ì©í ê²ìŽë©°, ì€ë¬žëŽì©ë¹ë°ë³Žì¥, ëììììµëª ì±, ì€ë¬žëì€ì°êµ¬ì² íë±ìëíëŽì©ìëª ìíìë©Žëììììëª ìë°ììë°ì ì°žì¬ë¥Œë³Žì¥íìë€. ë Œë¬žì¶íìŽíë¶ìꞰ륌ìŽì©íì¬ìë£ê°íêž°ëëë¡í¹ë³êŽëŠ¬í ìì ììì°êµ¬ëìììê²ì§ì ì€ëª íìë€. ìë£ë¶ìë°©ë²ë³žì°êµ¬ë¥Œìííêž°ìíì¬ìì§ëìë£ë SPSS 8.0 for Window íë¡ê·žëšììŽì©íì¬íµê³ì²ëŠ¬íììŒë©°, ìë£ë¶ìììíë°©ë²ìë€ì곌ê°ë€. 첫짞, ì°êµ¬ëììììŒë°ì í¹ì±, ë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íëì ë륌ìì볎Ʞìíì¬ë¹ëë¶ìë°êž°ì íµê³ë¶ììì€ìíìë€. ë짞, ì°êµ¬ëììììŒë°ì í¹ì±ìë°ë¥žë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íëì ë륌ìì볎Ʞìíì¬ independent t-test, one-way ANOVA륌ìŽì©íì¬ë¶ìíìê³ , ì¬íê²ìŠì Duncanìì€ìíìë€. ì 짞, ì°êµ¬ëìììë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íëìêŽê³ë¥Œìì볎Ʞìíì¬ Pearson ìêŽë¶ììì€ìíìë€. ë·ì§ž, ì°êµ¬ëììììì íëììí¥ì믞ì¹ëììžì stepwise ( ëšê³ì í ) ë°©ë²ììíë€ì€íê·ë¶ìììŽì©íì¬ê²ì íìë€. íê·ëªšíìì ì ì±ìíëšíêž°ìíì¬ë€ì€ê³µì ì±ì¬ë¶ììì°šë¶ììì€ìíìë€. ì°êµ¬ê²°ê³Œ ëììììŒë°ì í¹ì±ë³žì°êµ¬ëìììì±ë³ìì¬ì±ìŽ 245ëª (80.9%) ìŒë¡ëë¶ë¶ìì°šì§íìê³ , íê· ì°ë ¹ì 32.9ìžë¡ 30ìžë¯žë§ìŽ 34ëª íêµê°ížêµì¡ííì§ 22(2), 206 ë 5 ì 93
íìížìž (44.2%) ìŒë¡ê°ì¥ë§ìë€. ê²°íŒì¬ë¶ë믞íŒìŽ 76ëª (58.%) ìŒë¡ë§ìê³ , íë ¥ìíì¬ì¡žì ìŽ 38ëª (45.5%) ìŒë¡ê°ì¥ë§ìë€. ì¢ êµë¥Œê°ì§ëììë 64ëª (54.%) ìŽììŒë©°ê·Œë¬Žííëì ê·ì§ìŽ 268ëª (88.4%) ìŒë¡ì¡°ì¬ëìë€. ëìììì§ì¢ ìê°ížì¬ê° 22ëª (70.0%) ìŒë¡ëë¶ë¶ìì°šì§íìê³ ìì¬ 36ëª (.9%), ë³Žê±Žì§ 36ëª (.9%), íì ì§ 9ëª (6.3%) ììŒë¡ëíë¬ë€. ê·Œë¬Žê²œë ¥ì ë ìŽì 5ë 믞ë§ìŽ 2ëª (37.0%) ìŒë¡ê°ì¥ë§ììŒë©° 0ë ìŽììŽ 79ëª (26.%), 5ë ìŽì 0ë 믞ë§ìŽ 67ëª (22.%), ë 믞ë§ìŽ 45ëª (4.9%) ììŽìê³ , ìŒê·Œë¬Žìê°ì 8 ìê°ìŽì 0ìê°ë¯žë§ìŽ 29ëª (72.3%) ìŒë¡ê°ì¥ë§ìë¹ìšìì°šì§íìë€. íížëììë€ììì êµì¡ììŽíŽë³Žë©Ž, 254ëª (83.8%) ìŽìì êµì¡ìë°ììŒë©°ìì êµì¡ìŽíìíë€ê³ ìëµíìê° 254 ëª (83.8%) ìŒë¡ëë¶ë¶ìì°šì§íììŒë©°, ìì êµì¡ìë¡ëŽë¶ì 묞ê°ê°ì í©íë€ê³ ìëµíìê° 62ëª (53.5%) ìŽìë€. ìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ íìë í 2 íê° 37ëª (45.2%) ìŒë¡ê°ì¥ë§ìê³ , ìììŽ 85ëª (28.%), 3í 5 í 54ëª (7.8%), 5íìŽììŽ 27ëª (8.9%) ììŒë¡ëíë¬ë€ (Table ). ëìììë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íëì ëë°ìŒë°ì í¹ì±ìë°ë¥žì°šìŽëìììë³ììì 묞íìžìë°ìì íëì ë, ìŒë°ì í¹ì±ìë°ë¥žì°šìŽë Table 곌ê°ë€. ë³ììì 묞íìžìì ëëíê· 3.6ì ìŽììŒë©°ìì íëíê· ì 4.7ì ìŒë¡ìž¡ì ëìë€. ëìììë³ììì 묞íìžììì¢ êµ (p=.08), ì§ì (p=.002), ê·Œë¬Žê²œë ¥ (p<.00), ìì êµì¡ì 묎 (p=.04), ìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ íì (p=.033) ìë°ëŒì ìíì°šìŽê°ììë€. ì¬íë¶ì결곌, ì¢ êµìë°ë¥žë³ììì 묞íìžììì¢ êµê°ìëì§ëšìŽ 3.59±0.6 ì , ì¢ êµê°ìëì§ëšìŽ 3.62±0.59ì ìŒë¡íµê³ì ìŒë¡ì ìíì°šìŽê°ììë€. ì§ì¢ ìë°ë¥žë³ììì 묞íìžìììì¬ì§ëšìŽê°ížì¬, 볎걎ì§, íì ì§ì§ëšë³Žë€íµê³ì ìŒë¡ì ìíê²ë®ìë€. ê·Œë¬Žê²œë ¥ì ë 믞ë§ìžì§ëšìŽ 3.78±0.6ì ìŒë¡ê°ì¥ëìê³ , ìì êµì¡ì 묎ìë°ë¥žë³ììì 묞íìžìììì êµì¡ìë°ìì§ëšìŽ 3.63±0.62ì , ìì êµì¡ìë°ì§ììì§ëšìŽ 3.59±0.6ì ìŒë¡íµê³ì ìŒë¡ì ìíì°šìŽê°ììë€. ìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ íììë°ë¥žë³ììì 묞íìžìì ìì, í~2 í ì§ëšìŽ 3í~4 í, 5íìŽì ì§ëšë³Žë€ìì 묞íìžìì ëê°íµê³ì ìŒë¡ì ìíê²ëìë€. ëììììì íëìì±ë³ (p<.00), ì¢ êµ (p=.025), 귌묎íí (p<.00), ì§ì (p<.00), ìì êµì¡ì 묎 (p=.002), ìì êµì¡íìì± (p=.00) ìë°ëŒì ìíì°šìŽê°ììë€. ì¬íë¶ì결곌, ì±ë³ìë°ë¥žìì íëìì¬ì±ì§ëšìŽ 4.28±0.83ì , ëšì±ì§ëšìŽ 3.95±0.74ì ìŒë¡íµê³ì ìŒë¡ì ìíì°šìŽê°ììë€. ì¢ êµìë°ë¥žìì íëìì¢ êµê°ìëì§ëšìŽ 4.2±0.79ì , ì¢ êµê°ìëì§ëšìŽ 4.25±0.77ì ìŒë¡íµê³ì ìŒë¡ì ìíì°šìŽê°ììë€. 귌묎ííìë°ë¥žìì íëì ëëì ê·ì§ì§ëšìŽ 4.25±0.78ì , ê³ìœì§ì§ëšìŽ 3.94±0.80ì ìŒë¡íµê³ì ìŒë¡ì ìíì°šìŽê°ììë€. ì§ì¢ ìë°ë¥žìì íëì ëëìì¬ì§ëšìŽê°ížì¬, 볎걎ì§, íì ì§ì§ëšë³Žë€íµê³ì ìŒë¡ì ìíê²ë®ìë€. ìì êµì¡ì 묎ìë°ë¥žìì íëì ëëìì êµì¡ìë°ìì§ëšìŽ 4.25±0.8ì , ìì êµì¡ìë°ì§ììì§ëšìŽ 3.99±0.77ì ìŒë¡íµê³ì ìŒë¡ì ìíì°šìŽê°ììë€. ìì êµì¡íìì±ìë°ë¥žìì íëì ëëìì êµì¡ìíìë¡íëì§ëšìŽ 4.24±0.70ì , ìì êµì¡ìíìë¡íì§ììì§ëšìŽ 3.92±0.88ì ìŒë¡íµê³ì ìŒë¡ì ìíì°šìŽê°ììë€. ë³ììì 묞íìžìë°ìì íëê°ììêŽêŽê³ëìììë³ììì 묞íìžìë°ìì íëê°ììêŽêŽê³ë Table 2ìê°ë€. ë³ììì 묞íìžìììì íë (r=.47, p<.00) 곌íµê³ì ìŒë¡ì ìíìììêŽêŽê³ë¥Œë³Žìë€. ìŠë³ììì 묞íìžììŽëììë¡ìì íëììíì ëê°ëìê²ìŒë¡ëíë¬ë€. ë³ììì 묞íìžìíìììžë³ìì íë곌ììêŽêŽê³ë¥ŒìŽíŽë³Žë©Ž, ë¶ì / 곌귌묎í겜 (r=.88, p<.00), ìì¬ìíµê³Œì ì°š (r=.82, p<.00), ë³ìí겜 (r=.78, p<.00), ì§ììêŽ / êŽëŠ¬ìíë (r=.68, p<.00), ìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ ì ë (r=.60, p<.00), íììì ìì€ (r=.5, p<.00) 몚ëìì íë곌íµê³ì ìŒë¡ì ìíìììêŽêŽê³ë¥Œë³Žìë€. ë³ìì¢ ì¬ìììì íëììí¥ì믞ì¹ëììžëììììì íëììí¥ì믞ì¹ë죌ìë³ìžìíìžíêž°ìíŽë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìžêµ¬ì¬ííì í¹ì±ì€ìì íëìì ìíì°šìŽë¥Œë³Žìžë³ìì±ë³, ì¢ êµ, 귌묎íí, ì§ì , ìì êµì¡ì 묎, ìì êµì¡íìì±ìììž¡ììžìŒë¡íì¬ëšê³ì ë€ì€íê·ë¶ìììííìë€ (Table 3). ì§ì¢ ë³ìëë믞ì²ëŠ¬íì¬ë¶ìíìê³ , íê·ë¶ììëíꞰ볞ê°ì ìê²í í결곌 Durbin-Watson íµê³ëìŽ.99ë¡ 2ìê°ê¹ììêž°ìêŽìŽìëê²ìŒë¡ëíë¬ë€. 공찚íê³ (tolerance) ê°ìŽ 0. ìŽììŽìê³ , ë¶ì°íœì°œìžì (Variance Inflation Factor, VIF) ë.0.50ìŒë¡ 0 ìŽíë¡ëíëë€ì€ê³µì ì±ì묞ì ê°ìììíìžíìë€. ìµì¢ íê·ëªšíìëìì¬ìíµê³Œì ì°š, 귌묎íí, ìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ ê°ì íëììŒë©°, 볞ì°êµ¬ììì€ì ííê·ëªšíìíµê³ì ìŒë¡ì í©íìë€ (F=53.75, p<.00). ì 첎몚íìì€ëª ë ¥ì 34% (Adjusted R 2 =.34) ìŽììŒë©°, ìŽì€ìì¬ìíµê³Œì ì°šê°ì 첎몚íìì€ëª ë ¥ì€ 29% 륌찚ì§íìê³ ê·Œë¬Žíí (ß=-.8, p<.00), 94 íêµê°ížêµì¡ííì§ 22(2), 206 ë 5 ì
ìêžì¢ í©ë³ìì¢ ì¬ììë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íë <Table > Awareness of Hospital Safety Culture and Safety Activities according to Characteristics (N=303) Characteristics Categories n(%) or Mean±SD Awareness of hospital safety culture Safety activities Mean±SD t or F p Mean±SD t or F p Gender Female 245(80.9) 3.66±0.67 -.43.55 4.28±0.83-3.89 <.00 Male 58(9.) 3.57±0.57 3.95±0.74 Age 32.99±7.74 (years) <30 34(44.2) 3.68±0.60 0.7.545 4.7±0.74 0.7.543 30 39 09(36.0) 3.59±0.60 4.±0.87 40 49 46(5.2) 3.66±0.57 4.24±0.79 50 4(4.6) 3.63±0.66 4.04±0.73 Marital status Single 76(58.) 3.62±0.64 0.7.858 4.9±0.76 0.09.927 Married 27(4.9) 3.63±0.58 4.7±0.8 Education High school 7(2.3) 3.74±0.45.6.325 4.7±0.74 0.45.72 College 08(35.6) 3.63±0.60 4.23±0.83 Bachelor 38(45.5) 3.6±0.57 4.9±0.74 Graduate 50(6.5) 3.54±0.63 4.±0.79 Religion Yes 64(54.) 3.59±0.6 2.38.08 4.2±0.79 2.25.025 No 39(45.9) 3.62±0.59 4.25±0.77 Employment status Full time 268(88.4) 3.62±0.64-0.80.428 4.25±0.78 3.66 <.00 Part time 35(.6) 3.58±0.57 3.94±0.80 Job class Doctor a 36(.9) 3.46±0.67 5.25.002 3.84±0.70 0.59 <.00 Nurse b 22(70.0) 3.64±0.57 b,c,d>a 4.40±0.84 b,c,d>a Health service c 36(.9) 3.82±0.64 4.3±0.79 Administration d 9(6.3) 3.50±0.47 4.25±0.65 Working period (year) < a 45(4.9) 3.78±0.6 9.87 <.00 4.7±0.73 0.5.674 5 b 2(37.0) 3.45±0.62 a>d>b,c 4.4±0.84 5 0 c 67(22.) 3.49±0.65 4.20±0.85 0 d 79(26.) 3.6±0.59 4.25±0.72 Working hours <8 3(.0) 3.6±0.50.60.203 3.79±0.73 2.64.073 8 0 29(72.3) 3.66±0.70 4.34±0.79 0 8(26.7) 3.57±0.6 4.20±0.84 Safety education Yes 254(83.8) 3.63±0.62 2.48.04 4.25±0.8 3..002 No 49(6.2) 3.59±0.6 3.99±0.77 Need for safety education Yes 254(83.8) 3.65±0.62.47.4 4.24±0.70 3.49.00 No 49(6.2) 3.56±0.58 3.92±0.88 Preferred educator Inside experts 62(53.5) 3.64±0.6.0.32 4.22±0.77.09.276 Outside experts 4(46.5) 3.58±0.60 4.5±0.82 Number of safety accident reports None a 85(28.) 3.69±0.65 2.94.033 4.9±0.80 0.79.496 2 b 37(45.2) 3.68±0.57 a,b>c,d 4.20±0.76 3 4 c 54(7.8) 3.52±0.53 4.07±0.74 5 d 27(8.9) 3.56±0.66 4.25±0.83 Total 303(00.0) 3.6±0.60 4.7±0.79 íêµê°ížêµì¡ííì§ 22(2), 206 ë 5 ì 95
íìížìž <Table 2> Correlations between Awareness of Hospital Safety Culture and Safety Activities Variables AHSC Working environment Supervisor attitudes Working environment.88 Supervisor attitudes.68.49 Communication and process.82.6.57 Patient safety level.5.4.37 Safety accident reports.60.36.37 Hospital environment.78.58.4 SA.47.35.34 AHSC=Awareness of Hospital Safety Culture; SA=Safety Activities Communication and process r(p).39.57.53.54 Patient safety level.37.34.27 Safety accident reports.30.44 (N=303) Hospital environment.26 <Table 3> The Factors Affecting Safety Activities in Hospital Workers Variables B SE ß t p Tolerance VIF Constant 53.49 6.29 8.498 <.00 Communication and process 2.7.28.44 7.67 <.00.673.49 Employment status -9.96 2.67 -.8-3.73 <.00.988.0 Safety accident reports.05.34.8 3.09.002.666.50 R 2 =.35, Adjusted R 2 =.34, F=53.75, p<.00, Durbin-Watson=.994 SE=Standard Error; VIF=Variance Inflation Factor ìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ ì ë (ß=.8, p=.002) ììŽìë€. ë Œì 볞ì°êµ¬ììë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ìë³ììì 묞íìžììíê· 3.6ì (5ì ë§ì ), ìì íëì ëëíê· 4.7ì (5ì ë§ì ) ìŒë¡ìì íëì ìê°ëëìê²ìŒë¡ëíë¬ìŒë©°ì±ë³, ì¢ êµ, ì§ì¢ , 귌묎Ʞê°, ìì êµì¡ì 묎, ìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ íììë°ëŒì°šìŽê°ìëê²ìŒë¡ì¡°ì¬ëìë€. ìŽë Hwang ë± (204) ìì°êµ¬ììì¡°ì¬ëë³ììì 묞í 3.52ì 볎ë€ëê³ ìì íë 4.49ì 볎ë€ë®ìì ììžë°, ìì íëìŽë³žì°êµ¬ë³Žë€ëê²ëíëê²ìì°êµ¬ëììê°êµ°ë³ì귌묎ê°ížì¬ë€ìŽê³ êµ°ìì격íê·ìšê³Œìì¹ìë°ëŒìì íëììííììŒë¯ë¡ìŒë°ë³ì볎ë€ëê²ëíëê²ìŒë¡ì¶ì ëë€. ê·žë¬ë Choi ë± (200) ìì°êµ¬ììì¡°ì¬ëë³ììì 묞íìžì 3.34ì , ìì íë 4.25ì , Park ë± (202) ìì°êµ¬ììì¡°ì¬ëë³ììì 묞íìžì 3.4ì , ìì íë 4.40ì ìŒë¡ë¯žë£šìŽë³Œë, 볞ì°êµ¬ììììì íëì ìê°ìŽë€ì íì°êµ¬ìë¹êµì몚ëë®ê²ìž¡ì ëê²ì죌목í ì¬íìŽë€. 볞ì°êµ¬ëììë€ìŽìêžì¢ í©ë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ìŽ ë©°ìë£êž°êŽìžìŠíê°ë¥Œìëê³ ììë€ëì , ëììììœ 82% ê°ìë£ìžìŽìë€ëì , ê·žì€ìœ 70% ê°ê°ížì¬ëŒëì ìê°ìí ëë³ììì íëììŠì§ìí¬ììëì ëµìŽìêžíë€ê³ ì¬ë£ëë€. ë³ììì íëìëíìŽë¡ ì ìžì 귌볎ë€ê°ììí©ìììë°ë³µì ìžëªšìíë šìíµíŽì€ë¬Žìì§ì ì ì©í ììëì ëµì ìžì ê·ŒìŽíìí ê²ìŒë¡ì¬ë£ëë€. ê·žë¬ëì íì°êµ¬ìëììë€ì몚ëììê°ížì¬ë€ìŽìê³ , 볞ì°êµ¬ëììë€ììŒë¶ë볎걎ì§, íì ì§ìí¬íšíê³ ììŽì 첎ìì íëì ìê°ë®ê²ì¡°ì¬ëììê°ë¥ì±ìë°°ì í ìììê²ìŽë€. ëíê°ížì¬ 4.40, íì ì§ 4.25, ë³Žê±Žì§ 4.3 ë±ìë¹íŽìì¬ê° 3.84ë¡ê°ì¥ë®ê²ëíëê²ìì€ì ìëìŽì§ì¢ ë³ìì íëí¥ìì ëµìëíì¬ì€ê³ê°íìíë€ê³ ìê°íë€. ì§ì¢ ë³ìì íëíê°ëšì구ì±íì¬ì§ìì ìžëªšëí°ë§ê³ŒìŽìëí결곌ë¶ìë°íê°, ìë²ì ëë±ìëì ììì íëí¥ììêž°ì¬í ììëì ëµìŽë ê²ìŒë¡ìê°íë€. ë³ììì 묞íìžìì ëëíµê³ì ìŒë¡ì ìíì°šìŽëììì§ë§ì¬ì±ìíê· ì ìê°ëšì±ìë¹íŽëìê²ìŒë¡ëíë¬ê³ ìì íëìì¬ì±ìŽëšì±ë³Žë€íµê³ì ìŒë¡ì ìíê²ëìë€. ì±ë³ìë°ë¥žë³ììì 묞íìžìì ëììì íëìë¶ìíì í 96 íêµê°ížêµì¡ííì§ 22(2), 206 ë 5 ì
ìêžì¢ í©ë³ìì¢ ì¬ììë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íë ì°êµ¬ê°ììŽë¹êµë¶ìíëë°ì íì ììì§ë§ë³žì°êµ¬ëììë€ìëë¶ë¶ìŽì¬ì±ë°ê°ížì¬ìŽê³ , ê°ížì¬ëíìê³ìì 24ìê°ìì ê°ížíëìì ê³µíëì 묞ì§ìŽë©° (Kim et al., 2007; Yoon et al., 204), ìì íëì죌ìë²ìê°ììì, í겜ìì êŽëŠ¬, ê°ìŒêŽëŠ¬, íë ¥êŽëŠ¬ë±ê°ížì§ê³ŒêŽë šëì 묎ê°ëë¶ë¶ìŽìŽìëíë결곌ë¡ì¬ë£ëë€. ì¢ êµê°ìë겜ì°ë³ììì 묞íìžìì ëììì íëì ìê°ëê²ëíë¬ëë°, ì¢ êµë¥Œê°ì§ì¬ëë€ìëë곌ìì¬, ìì¹ìì€ìíê³ ê·žê²ìì€ì²íë €ë겜í¥ìŽììŽëíë결곌ë¡ì¬ë£ëëìŽìë°ë¥žì íì°êµ¬ê°ìê³ ì¢ êµë°ì¢ êµë¥Œë¯¿ëì¬ëë§ë€ê°ê°ìí¹ì±ìŽììŽì¶íì°êµ¬ê°íìíí목ìŽë€. ì ê·ì§ìë¹ì ê·ì§ë³Žë€ìì íëì ìê°ëê²ëíë¬ëë°, ì ê·ì§ê³Œë¬ëŠ¬ë¹ì ê·ì§ê·Œë¡ìëê³ ì©ë¶ìì 곌ìëì ìžì ìêž, ì°šë³ì 볎ì첎ê³ë¡ììê°ê³Œì± ìê°ìŽë®ê³ (Kim, Moon, & Han, 200) ìŽë¬í귌묎ííê°ìì íëìëíìê·¹ì ìžíëë¡ìŽìŽì žëíë결곌ë¡ìê°íë€. ê·žë¬ëì ìíì°šìŽëììì§ë§ë¹ì ê·ì§ììì 묞íìžììëíì ìê°ì ê·ì§ë³Žë€ëê²ëíë¬ë€ëì ì죌목í íìê°ìë€. ë§ìì íì°êµ¬ë¥ŒíµíŽìì 묞íìžììŽìì íëìêžì ì ìí¥ì믞ì¹ëê²ìŒë¡ (Choi et al., 200; Hemmat et al., 205; Kim et al., 2007) ì¡°ì¬ëìê³ , ë¹ì ê·ì§ìíì ì§ë³Žë€ìì€êŽëŠ¬ì§ì¢ ì¬ìê°ëë¶ë¶ììê°ìí ë, ìŽë€ìë³ììì 묞íìëíì€ìì±ììžìíê³ ëìì§ë§ìì íë곌ì°ê³í ììëì§ì곌겜íìŽë¶ì¡±íê²ìŒë¡ì¬ë£ëë¯ë¡êµì¡ë°ì°žì¬ë¥ŒíµíŽì§ì 겜ííŽë³Œììëìì íëíë¡ê·žëšê°ë° (Duff, 203) ìŽíìí ê²ìŽë€. ë³ìì§ì¢ ìë°ëŒë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íëìëíííì°šìŽê°ìëê²ìŒë¡ì¡°ì¬ëìëë°ê°ížì¬, 볎걎ì§, íì ì§ì§ëšìŽê°ì¥ëê², ìì¬ì§ëšìŽê°ì¥ë®ê²ì¡°ì¬ëìë€. Pronovost ë± (2003) ì 395ëª ìì¡Žì€ííšì€ëíë³ììë£ì§ê³Œë³Žê±Žì§, êŽëŠ¬ìë€ìë³ììì 묞íìžìì ë륌조ì¬í결곌ìì¬ê°ê°ížì¬ë³Žë€ë®ìì ì륌볎ì¬ì£Œìê³ ë³Žê±Žì§ê³Œíì ì§êŽëŠ¬ìë€ìë³ììì 묞íìëíìžììŽë§€ì°êžì ì ìŽìììë³Žê³ íìë€. Stein, Makarawoì Ahmad (2003) ë 75ëª ììì¬ì 43ëª ìê°ížì¬ë¥ŒëììŒë¡ë³ììì íë곌ì§ê²°ëìì»êž°, ì¥ê°ì°©ì©, 늬ìºí (recapping) ë±ìê°ìŒêŽëŠ¬ìíì ë륌조ì¬í결곌ìì¬ì§ëšìŽê°ížì¬ì§ëšë³Žë€ìë±íë®ììíë¥ ì볎ì¬ì£Œìê³ , 죌ì¬ì¹šì°ëŠŒì¬ê³ ìšëëìê²ìŒë¡ì¡°ì¬ëìë€. Smeby, Johnsen곌 Marhaug (205) ë 2009~202ë ë¶ì€íë³ììì íëìŒë¡ìžííììì볎ìë¹ì©ì€ 26.3% ê°ì¬ê°íìíŽë¡ìžíê²ìŽìê³ ì¬ë§ë°ì¥ì ë¡ìžíë¹ì©ìŽ 5% ìŽíë¡ì¡°ì¬ëìììë³Žê³ íìë€. ìì¬ëìë£ë³Žê±Žíì¥ììíììì 곌ìëª ì ì§ë¥ŒìíŽì± ì곌ì묎륌ë€íŽìŒíëì ìŒì ììë£ì 묞ê°ì§ëšìŒë¡, ìŽë€ìë®ìë³ììì ìžì곌ìì íëìëë£ìë£ìžìë¬Œë¡ êž°í볎걎ìë£ì¢ ì¬ìë°ì§ ìì¬íìëë¶ì ì ìí¥ìë¯žì¹ ìììê²ìŒë¡ì¬ë£ëë€. ë³ììì ìžì곌ìì íëìê³ ì·šìí€êž°ìíìëíë¶ê³Œì ë¶í°ìêž°ìŽêµì¡íë¡ê·žëš, ìë šì ì ê³µì곌ì ìììì¬íêµì¡íë¡ê·žëš, ì 묞ììŽíë¡ì§ìê°ë¥íìêžêµì¡íë¡ê·žëšìíì€ííëê²ìŽìêžíì ëµìŽëŒê³ ìê°íë€. ê·žë¬ëìì¬ì§ëšìŽì 첎ëììì 36ëª (.9%) ìŒë¡ê°ížì¬ì§ëš 22 ëª (70.0%) 볎ë€ìëì ìŒë¡ë®ìëíë결곌ìŒìììŒë¯ë¡ìŽë¥Œê³ ë €íŽìŒí ê²ìŽë€. ë³ììì 묞íìžìì ëë귌묎Ʞê°ìë°ëŒì°šìŽê°ììëë°ê·Œë¬Žêž°ê°ìŽ ë 믞ë§ëë 0ë ìŽìììê°ì¥ëìê²ìŒë¡ì¡°ì¬ëìë€. ìŽë 30ëª ìë³ìê°ížì¬ë¥ŒëììŒë¡íììì 묞íìžìì ë륌조ì¬í결곌 3ë 믞ë§ëë 2ë ìŽìê·Œë¬Žê²œë ¥ìë€ìì ìê°ëê²ëíë Choi ë± (200) ìì°êµ¬, 399ëª ìë³ìê°ížì¬ë€ì€ê·Œë¬Žê²œë ¥ 2ë 믞ë§ê³Œ 0ë ìŽìììíììì 묞íìžììŽëê²ëíë Park ë± (202) ìì°êµ¬, ê·Œë¬Žê²œë ¥ìŽì ììë¡íììì 묞íìžììŽëê²ëíë Kim 곌 Kim (202) ìì°êµ¬ìì ì¬íë€. ê·Œë¬Žê²œë ¥ìŽì ìê°ížì¬ìŒìë¡íììì 곌ì§ì ì ìŒë¡êŽë šìëê°ížíëì ê³µìêž°íê°ë§ê³ , ììì ìŒë¡ìì ì¬ê³ ìëíꞎì¥ìëŠì¶ì§ìê³ ê°ížë¥Œì ê³µí결곌 (Choi et al., 200; Park et al., 202) ë¡ì¬ë£ëë€. ëí 0ë ìŽìì§ëšììëìŽìê°ìíììŽëíëê²ììŽìêž°ìê°ížì¬ë€ìê°ížíì¥ìììì§ì ì ê°ížíë볎ë€íì ì ìžì 묎륌죌ë¡íë©Žììì êµì¡ìíµíŽê°ížì¬ë€ìì§ë, ê°ë íëìì¹ììêž°ë묞ì (Hwang et al., 204) íììì 묞íìžììëíì ìê°ëê²ëíëê²ìŒë¡ì¬ë£ëë€. ê·žë¬ë¯ë¡ë³ììì 묞íìžìì ëê°ê°ì¥ë®ê²ì¡°ì¬ëì€ê°ê²œë ¥ìê°ì§ê³ ìëì§ëšìì€ì¬ìŒë¡ìì 묞íìëíìžìììŠì§ìí¬ììëì€ì¬ì ëµìŽíìí ê²ìŒë¡ì¬ë£ëë€. ëíë³ììì 묞íìžìì ëê°ëê²ìž¡ì ë ë 믞ë§ê³Œ 0ë ìŽìì§ëšìëììŒë¡ì§ìì ìžìì 묞íìžìê°ííë šìì ê³µíëê²ëìŽì§ëšìë³ììì 묞íìžììì¢ëí¥ììí¬ììëì ëµìŒë¡ì¬ë£ëë€. ê·žë¬ëìêž°ì íì°êµ¬ë€ìë³ìê°ížì¬ë€ìëììŒë¡ë¶ìí결곌ìŽë¯ë¡ë³žì°êµ¬ê²°ê³Œìë¹êµ, ë¶ìíëë°ì íì ììë€. íížìŽí늬ì 2ê°ëí 573ëª ê°ížíìë€ìíììì ìžìì ë륌조ì¬í결곌 íë ìŽê°ì¥ëê², 2íë ìŽê°ì¥ë®ê², 3íë ë§ë€ìëê²ëíë¬ììë³Žê³ í Stevanin ë± (205) ìì°êµ¬ë볞ì°êµ¬ëììë€ìê²œë ¥ìë°ë¥žë³íìì ì¬íë¶ë¶ìŽììŒë¯ë¡íë¶ììë¶í°ìì 묞íìžìì ë륌ìŠì§ìí¬ììê³ , ì¡žì íìì곌ì°ê³í ììëíë¡ê·žëšê°ë°ë°ì ì©ìì€ìì±ììì¬íê³ ìë€. ê°êŽêµ¬ì¡°íìììí (Objective Structured Clinical Examination, OSCE) ëëì뮬ë ìŽì êž°ë°-íìµ (Simulation -based Learning, SBL) ìíµíë³ììì ì죌ì êž°ë°ë¹ì êž°ìììêµì¡ê³Œíë šì (Silverston, 204). ì¡žì íë³ìì¢ ì¬ì íêµê°ížêµì¡ííì§ 22(2), 206 ë 5 ì 97
íìížìž ë¡ê·Œë¬Žìë³ììì ìíìì륌ê°ììí¬ììëì ëµìŽë ê²ìŽë€. ë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íëììì êµì¡ìë°ìì§ëšìì몚ëëê²ì¡°ì¬ëììŒë©°, ìì êµì¡íìì±ììžêžíì§ëšììììì íëì ìëëê²ëíë¬ë€. Hwang ë± (204) ììì êµì¡ìë°ìì§ëšìŽê·žë ì§ììì§ëšìë¹íŽìì 묞íìžìë°ìì íëì ëê°ëììŒë©°, Choi ë± (200) ì 5íìŽíë¡ìì êµì¡ìë°ìì§ëšìŽ 6íìŽìêµì¡ìë°ìì§ëšìë¹íŽíììì 묞í륌ë®ê²ìžìíê³ ìììë³Žê³ íìëë°, ìì êµì¡ìë°ìŒë©Žë°ììë¡ìì ìëíìµì 겜í¥ë°ìµì ì§ê²¬ìì í ììëêž°íê°ë§ìì žë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íëìŽê±Žì€ì ìžë°©í¥ìŒë¡ëìê°ììëë¡ìŽìììí ìíììŒë¯ë¡ëíë결곌ë¡ì¬ë£ëë€. ë³ììì ìëíì 묞ì ìžíë šê³Œêµì¡ììì ìëíë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ê°ê°ìžìíëìíëìêžì ì ìžìí¥ì믞ì¹ê³ ìë³ê°ë¥íì 묎ì§íë¶ìꞰ륌조ì±í ìììŒë©° (Singer et al., 2009), ê·žìë°ë¥žì ì íì§ëìê°ë ìë³ììì 묞íìëììŠì§ìí¬ììë€ (Duff, 203). ë°ëŒìë³ìì¢ ì¬ììì€ê³Œì 묎ìììì í©íë°ë³µêµì¡íë¡ê·žëšê°ë°ë°ì ì©ìë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íëìí¥ììí¬ììëì ëµìŽë ê²ìŽë€. ë³ììì 묞íìžììë³ìì¢ ì¬ìììì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ íìê°ì ììë¡ëê²ëíë¬ëë°, ë³ììì 묞íìëíëììžììë°íìŒë¡ìì¹ìì§ìŒê°ë©°ë³ììì íëììííêž°ë묞ììì ì¬ê³ ê°ìëì ìŒë¡ì ê²ë°ìíì¬ìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ íìëì ììê²ìŒë¡ì¬ë£ëë€. ë³ììì 묞íìëíìžììŽëììë¡ë°ëì§íë³ììì íëììííë €ë겜í¥ìŽìê³ ì€ì ë³ììì 묞íìëííëê°ê±Žì€ì ìŒìë¡ë³ìëŽìì ì¬ê³ ëê°ìíë€ë Singer ë± (2009), Waeschle ë± (205) 곌 Yoonë± (204) ìì°êµ¬, ë³ìì¡°ì§ëŽìì 묞íìëíëììžììì§ìììì íëììŽì§íëì€ìíììììê°ì¡°í Hemmat ë± (205) ìì°êµ¬ëëìë³ììì 묞íìžììŽë®ìë³ììì ì¬ê³ ìšê³Œë°ì íêŽê³ê°ìììë°©ìŠíëê²ìŽë¯ë¡ë³žì°êµ¬ì결곌륌ë·ë°ì¹šíê³ ìë€. ê·žë¬ëë³ììì ìëíìžììëìì§ë§ìì ì¬ê³ ê°ë°ìëë©Žì²ë²ìŽëë €ìì€ì ìì ì¬ê³ ê°ë°ìíììëë¶êµ¬íê³ ìëì ìŒë¡ìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ íì륌ì ê²ë³Žê³ íìê°ë¥ì±ìë°°ì í ìììŒë¯ë¡ì¶íì°êµ¬ê°íìíí목ìŽë€. 볞ì°êµ¬ììë³ììì 묞íìžìì ëììì íëìê°íìììêŽêŽê³ê°ìëê²ìŒë¡ëíë¬ìŒë©°, ë³ììì 묞ííë¶ìììžê·Œë¬Ží겜, êŽëŠ¬ìíë, ìì¬ìíµê³Œì ì°š, íììì ìì€, ìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ ì ë, ë³ìí겜몚ëìì íë곌ìêŽêŽê³ê°ìëê²ìŒë¡ì¡°ì¬ëìë€. Martin곌 Ciurzynski (205) ëê°ìžííìí¬ë¡ë¬Žì¥ë귌묎í겜ìíììì ììŠì§ìí€ê³ íšìšì ìžë³ììì íëìê°íìí¬ììëì ì¬ë ¥ìê°ì§ê³ ìë€ê³ íìê³ , Ulrichì Kear (204) ëêŽëŠ¬ììíìí늬ëì곌조ì§êŽëŠ¬ë¥ë ¥, 걎ì íì¡°ì§ë¬žííì±ìë³ììì íëììŽì§íë€ê³ ë³Žê³ íìë€. ìŽì Hemmat ë± (205) ìë³ììì 묞íìëíêŽëŠ¬ììíëê°êžì ì ìŒìë¡íììì ìëíìì€ìëê²ìžì§íê³ ìììŒë©°ìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ íìëê°ìíìë€ê³ ë³Žê³ íìë€. Yoon ë± (204) ëêŽëŠ¬ìì늬ëì곌귌묎íëê°ìì íë곌ìêŽêŽê³ê°ìë€ê³ ë³Žê³ íìê³ , Choi ë± (200) ìíììì 묞ííë¶ìì몚ëììì íëê°ìììêŽêŽê³ê°ìììë³Žê³ íìë€. ê·žë¬ë Park ë± (202) ììì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ ì ë, ë³ìí겜ë±ììŒë¶ìì íë곌ìêŽêŽê³ê°ììììë³Žê³ íìëë°ìŽë볞ì°êµ¬ìììŽí결곌ë¡ì¶íë°ë³µì°êµ¬ê°íìíë¶ë¶ìŽë€. 볞ì°êµ¬ììë³ìì¢ ì¬ììë³ììì íëì믞ì¹ëìí¥ììžìë¶ìí결곌ìì¬ìíµê³Œì ì°š, 귌묎íí, ìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ ì ëë±ìžê°í목ìŽëì¶ëìë€. ìì¬ìíµê³Œì ì°ší목ì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ ìëííŒëë°±, ë³ììì ìëíìì ë¡ìŽì견êµí, ìì ì¬ê³ ì¬ë°ë°©ì§ë¥Œìíê°ì ì± ë Œì, ìì ì ì°šìëíì¡°ìž ë±ìí¬íšíê³ ìëë° Kim ë± (2007) ììì ì¬ê³ ë°ìíëëë°ìê°ë¥íìí©ììììŽëŠ°ìì¬ìíµìíììì ìë몚í ë¿ìëëŒìë£ìë¹ì€ì§í¥ììì€ìííµì¬ìŽì ê°ë ììììë³Žê³ íìë€. Ulrichì Kear (204) ëì€ìë¥Œë³Žê³ íê³ ì¬ííëìì ë¡ìŽìì¬ìíµìíµíŽìì ì¬ê³ ì¬ë°ë°©ì§ë°ê°ì ë°©ë²ì몚ìí ììë€ê³ íìê³ Toghian ë± (204) ìë¹íšê³Œì ìžìì¬ìíµììíì§ìëë³ììì ì¬ê³ ìíšê³Œì ìžë³ììì íëìì íŽíëë°, ë³ììì ì¬ê³ ì 60% ìŽììŽë¹íšìšì ìì¬ìíµììêž°ìíë€ê³ ë³Žê³ íìë€. ìŽë¥ŒìíŽ Toghian ë± (204) ì Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation (SBAR) ììŽì©íìí ê·¹ (role play) ìì¬ìíµêµì¡ìì ìžíë©Žì SBAR ëë³ììì 묞íì¡°ì±ê³Œìì íëììŽì§ìí¬ììëíµì¬ììììê°ì¡°íìë€. ìíì ìŽë©°ê°ëšëª ë£íìì¬ìíµì ì°šê°ìì ë¡ìžìë¡ë³ìì¢ ì¬ìê°ìížìì©ìŽíë°íê³ ë³ììì 곌êŽë šëì 볎êµíìŽíë¶íŽì§ë©°ìŽë¬íë³ìì¡°ì§ë¬žíëìì íëìêžì ì ìžìí¥ìë¯žì¹ ììë€ (Park et al., 202). 구조íëìì¬ìíµêž°ì (Structured huddle) ìë³ììì íëììŠì§ìí€ê³ ìì íë곌ì ìë¶íìíì€ë³µìê°ììí¬ìììŽ (Martin & Ciurzynski, 205) ìì ì¬ê³ ìëí곌거ìì¬íì²ëŠ¬ëììì¬ì ëìë°©ììŒë¡ë³íìí¬ììë€ (Yoon et al., 203) ê³ ì¬ë£ëë€. ë³ììì íëììí¥ììžìžê·Œë¬Žííëì ê·ì§ê³Œë¹ì ê·ì§ìŒë¡ëëìŽì¡°ì¬íìëë°, ê·Œë¡ì¡°ê±Žìë³ììì 곌ìêŽêŽê³ê°ìê³ (Buljac-Samardzic, van Wijngaarden, Dekker-van, & Doorn, 205), ë¹ì ê·ì§ìì ê·ì§ì¬ì곌ììŽì§ê°ë±ìŒë¡ì 묎ë¶ë§ì¡±, ì¡°ì§ìì°ì±ì íë±ììŽëí ìììŒë©°ìžì ë 98 íêµê°ížêµì¡ííì§ 22(2), 206 ë 5 ì
ìêžì¢ í©ë³ìì¢ ì¬ììë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íë ìŽì§í ììëê³ ì©ë¶ìì ìí©ìì§ë©ŽíŽììŒë¯ë¡ (Kim et al., 200) ì ê·ì§ê³Œë¹êµìë³ììì íëììíí ììë€ê³ ìê°ëë€. í¹íë¹ì ê·ì§ì¢ ì¬ìë€ìë³ììì êµì¡ìì¬ê°ì§ëìë žì¶ëìŽìë겜ì°ê°ììŒë¯ë¡ìŽë€ìëììŒë¡ë³ììì íëìŠì§ìë몚í ììëë§ì¶€íêµì¡íë¡ê·žëšê°ë°ìŽíìíë€. ê·žë¬ë몚ë ë¹ì ê·ì§ë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ìë³ììì íëìŽìê·¹ì ìŽì§ëììê²ìŽë©°ìŽìêŽë šëì íì°êµ¬ê°ë¶ì¡±íì€ì ìŽë¯ë¡ì¶íì°êµ¬ê°íìíí목ìŽë€. ë³ììì íëììí¥ì믞ì¹ë죌ìììžì€ìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ ì ëëë³ìì¡°ì§ìë³Žê³ ë¬žíìê¹ìêŽë šìŽìëë° (Ulrich & Kear, 204), Park ë± (202) ìì°êµ¬ëììë€ 55.6% ëìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ ê²œíìŽìë€ê³ ìëµíìê³ ìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ ëìì ê°ížíëììí¥ì믞ì¹ëììžììë³Žê³ íìë€. Waeschle ë± (205) ììì ì¬ê³ íì©ìëí걎ì€ì 묞íìì§ìì ìžë°ì 곌ì€ì²ìë³ììì ììííµì¬ììììê°ì¡°íìê³ , Yoon ë± (203) ìì€ìíê°ìžìë¹ëíëì¡°ì§ë¬žíììì€ì륌íµíŽìì ì¬ê³ ìíììë°©íê³ ìì ìì€í ìê°ì íëê²ìŽì€ìíë€ê³ ë³Žê³ íìë€. ê·žë¬ëìì ì¬ê³ ë°ììë³Žê³ ëŽì©ë³Žë€ì§ììê°ìžì ìžê²ììŽì ìëê±°ëì§ììëíì ì 견ìŒë¡íëšíë겜ì°ê°ë§ê³ (Kim et al., 2007), ìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ ë¹ì¬ìëì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ ì첎륌ê°ìžìëí공격ë°ì€ììëíì²ë²ë¡ê°ì£Œíì¬ë³Žê³ ì첎륌ëëœìí€ê±°ëìííëì¬ë¡ê°ìë€ (Yoon et al., 204). ë°ëŒììì ì¬ê³ ìëíì§ë²ì ì¡°ì§ë¬žíëëìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ ìëíë¶ëë¬ì, ëë €ìë±ììì ì¬ê³ ììžë¶ìë°ì¬ë°ìë°©ì ëµìì¥ì 묌ìŽë ììë€ (Hwang et al., 204; Singer et al., 2009). ê·žë¬ë¯ë¡ìì ì¬ê³ ìëíë¹ì§ë²ì íë륌ì§í¥í ììëë³ìì¡°ì§ë¬žííì±, ìì ì¬ê³ 륌ìì§íìžì íëíë륌íšìí ììëì§ìììžì±êµì¡ (Kim & Kim, 202) ììì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ ë¥Œíì±íìí¬ììëì ëµìŽëŒê³ ì¬ë£ëë€. ìŽë¥ŒìíŽìì ì¬ê³ 륌ì묎ì ìŒë¡ë³Žê³ í ììëìì€í ê°ë° (Kim et al., 2007), ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ ì 찚륌ê°ìíí ììëìšëŒìžë³Žê³ ììì€í ì ì© (Kear & Ulrich, 205), ì 볎íµì êž°ì ììŽì©íë³Žê³ ìì€í íì±íë°ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ ììžìŒí°ëžì ê³µ (Ulrich & Kear, 204) ë±ëìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ ë¥ŒìŠì§ìí¬ììëì ëµìŽë ê²ìŽë€. ìŽì곌ê°ìŽë³žì°êµ¬ê²°ê³Œë¥ŒíµíŽëììë€ìë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íëì ë륌ììë³Žê³ ìì íëì믞ì¹ëìí¥ììžìë¹êµë¶ìíìë€. ë³ììì 묞íì 3ëììëíìµë¬ží, ì 뢰묞í, ë³Žê³ ë¬ží (Ulrich & Kear, 204) ìŽê³ ë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ë³ììì íëììêŽêŽê³ë¥Œê³ ë €íë€ë©Ž, 볞ì°êµ¬ê²°ê³ŒëìŽë€ëë³ì륌걎ì€ì ìžë°©í¥ìŒë¡í¥ììí¬ììëêž°ìŽìë£ë¥Œì ê³µíë€ëì ììììê°ìë€ê³ í ê²ìŽë€. ëíë³ììì 묞íë°ìì íëììœê²ìŽíí ììëìì ì¬ì¬ìê³ ëŠ¬ë¬ê°ë°ê³Œê°ìì ëµìì늜íëë°êž°ì¬í ììì ê²ìŽë©°ìë£êž°êŽìžìŠíê°ë¥Œì€ë¹íê³ ìëìêžì¢ í©ë³ì, ì¢ í©ë³ìì¢ ì¬ìë€ìë³ììì ìëíìžììë¶ìíëêž°ìŽìë£ë¡ëíì©ë ìììê²ìŽë€. ê·žë¬ë볞ì°êµ¬ë¥Œì§ííšìììŽë€ì곌ê°ìì íì ìŽììë€. 첫짞, 볞ì°êµ¬ëììë€ìŽìë£êž°êŽíê°ë¥Œìëê³ ìììŒë¯ë¡ì€ë¬žëŽì©ì€ìŒë¶ê°ëììë°ë¶ì륌íê°í ììë€ëìŒë €ë묞ìì€ë¬žìì ì€ìêž°íì§ìììììììë°°ì í ììë€. ë짞, ìŒê°ìêžì¢ í©ë³ììëììŒë¡íììŒë¯ë¡ë³žì°êµ¬ê²°ê³Œë¥ŒìŒë°ííëë°ì ì€ìêž°íŽìŒíë€. ì 짞, 볞ì°êµ¬ëììë€ìŽì¬ì±, ê°ížì¬, ì ê·ì§ë±ìë§ìŽë¶í¬ëìŽììŽì°êµ¬ê²°ê³ŒìŒë¶ë¶ìŽëììì§ëšížì€ìŒë¡ìžíŽëíëê²ììë°°ì í ìììŒë¯ë¡ë¹êµë¶ììì ì€ìêž°íŽìŒíë€. ê²°ë¡ ë°ì ìž ë³žì°êµ¬ë 2죌Ʞìë£êž°êŽíê°ë¥ŒìëìŒê°ìêžì¢ í©ë³ìì¢ ì¬ììë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íëì ë륌ë¶ìíìê³ ì±ë³, ì¢ êµ, ì§ì¢ , 귌묎Ʞê°, ìì êµì¡ì 묎, ìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ íììë°ëŒë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íëì ëìì°šìŽê°ìììê²ìŠíìë€. ë³ììì 묞íìžììì¢ êµê°ìëì§ëš, 볎걎ì§ê³Œíì , ê·Œë¬Žê²œë ¥ ë 믞ë§, ìì êµì¡ìŽìì§ëš, ìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ íìê°ì ìì§ëšë±ììëê²ëíë¬ë€. ìì íëìì¬ì±, ì¢ êµê°ìëì§ëš, ì ê·ì§, ê°ížì¬, ìì êµì¡ìŽìë°ìì êµì¡ì구ì§ëšë±ììëê²ëíë¬ë€. ëíìì íëì ëììí¥ì믞ì¹ëììžìŒë¡ìì¬ìíµê³Œì ì°š, 귌묎íí, ìì ì¬ê³ ë³Žê³ ì ëë±ìëì¶íììŒë©°ìì íëì 34% 륌ì€ëª íìë€. 볞ì°êµ¬ììëì¶ëìì íëìí¥ììžììë£êž°êŽìžìŠíê°ë¥Œì€ë¹íê³ ìëìêžì¢ í©ë³ìëëì¢ í©ë³ìììì íëìŠì§ìëììŽë ê²ìŒë¡ì¬ë£ë며볞묞ìì ìëë€ìíì€ì¬ì ëµììì íëí¥ìììííë¡ê·žëšê°ë°ì몚ìíëë°êž°ì¬í ìììê²ìŽë€. ìŽì곌ê°ì결곌륌í ëë¡ë€ììì ìžíê³ ìíë€. 첫짞, ìë£êž°êŽìžìŠíê°ë¥Œì€ë¹íê³ ìëìë£êž°êŽë³ë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íëì ëë¥Œì¡°ì¬ ë¶ì ë¹êµí ììëì°êµ¬ë¥Œì ìžíë€. ë짞, ë³ìì¢ ì¬ìì ì륌ëììŒë¡ë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íëì ë륌조ì¬íë°ë³µì°êµ¬ë¥Œì ìžíë€. ì 짞, ë³ìê°ížì¬ì§ëšìŽìëì§ìì¬íëŽìë£êŽë šì§ëšì¢ ì¬ììíììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íëì ë륌조ì¬íëì°êµ¬ë¥Œì ìžíë€. References Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2004). Hospital íêµê°ížêµì¡ííì§ 22(2), 206 ë 5 ì 99
íìížìž survey on patient safety culture. Retrieved November 20, 205, from the Web site at http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/ quality-patient-safety/patientsafetyculture/hospital/index.html Buljac-Samardzic, M., van Wijngaarden, J. D., Dekker-van, & Doorn, C. M. (205). Safety culture in long-term care: a cross-sectional analysis of the safety attitudes questionnaire in nursing and residential homes in the Netherlands. BMJ Quality & Safety, in press. http://dx.doi.org/0.36/bmjqs -204-003397 Choi, J. H., Lee, K. M., & Lee, M. A. (200). Relationship between hospital nurses' perceived patient safety culture and their safety care activities. Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing, 7(), 64-72. Duff, B. (203). Creating a culture of safety by coaching clinicians to competence. Nurse Education Today, 33(0), 08-. http://dx.doi.org/0.06/j.nedt.202.05.025 Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. (204). Explanation of terms in easy way. Retrieved October 7, 205, from the Web site at http://www.hira.or.kr/re/term/ getexplainlist.do?pgmid=hiraa030407000000&searchwrd= ìêžì¢ í©ë³ì &sno=44 Hemmat, F., Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, F., Mehrabi, T., & Zayeri, F. (205). A survey of nurses' awareness of patient safety culture in neonatal intensive care units. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 20(4), 490-495. http://dx.doi.org/0.403/735-9066.6003 Hofmann, D. A., & Mark, B. (2006). An investigation of the relationship between safety climate and medication errors as well as other nurse and patient outcomes. Personnel Psychology, 59(4), 847-869. http://dx.doi.org/0./j.744-6570.2006.00056.x Hwang, J. S., Lee, S. Y., Jeon, Y. J., Lee, H. O., Kwak, Y. Y., & Lee, J. G. (204). A descriptive study of military nurses` perception on patient safety culture and their performance on patient safety nursing. Journal of Military Nursing Research, 32(), 92-04. Kear, T., & Ulrich, B. (205). Patient safety and patient safety culture in nephrology nurse practice settings: Issues, solutions, and best practices. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 42(2), 3-22. Kim, J. E., Kang, M. A., An, K. E., & Sung, Y. H. (2007). A survey of nurses' perception of patient safety related to hospital culture and reports of medical errors. Clinical Nursing Research, 3(3), 69-79. Kim, M. Y., & Kim, Y. M. (202). Comparative studies in perception of patient safety culture of nurses and dental hygienist. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, 3(), 596-5205. http://dx.doi.org/ 0.5762/KAIS.202.3..596 Kim, W. O., Moon, S. J., & Han, S. S. (200). Contingent nurses's burnout and influencing factors. Journal of Korea Academy Nursing, 40(6), 882-89. http://dx.doi.org/0.4040/ jkan.200.40.6.882 Martin, H. A., & Ciurzynski, S. M. (205). Situation, background, assessment, and recommendation-guided huddles improve communication and teamwork in the emergency department. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 4(6), 484-488. http://dx.doi.org/0.06/j.jen.205.05.07 Park, S. J., Kang, J. Y, & Lee, Y. O. (202). A study on hospital nurses' perception of patient safety culture and safety care activity. Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing, 5(), 44-55. Pronovost, P. J., Weast, B., Holzmueller, C. G., Rosenstein, B. J., Kidwell, R. P., Haller, K. B., et al. (2003). Evaluation of the culture of safety: survey of clinicians and managers in an academic medical center. Quality & Safety in Health Care, 2(6), 405-40. Raeissi, P., Reisi, N., & Nasiripour, A. A. (205). Assessment of patient safety culture in Iranian academic hospitals: Strengths and weaknesses. Journal of Patient Safety, in press. http://dx.doi.org/0.097/pts.000000000000099 Silverston, P. (204). The Safe Clinical Assessment: a patient safety focused approach to clinical assessment. Nurse Education Today, 34(2), 24-27. http://dx.doi.org/0.06/ j.nedt.203.03.00 Singer, S., Lin, S., Falwell, A., Gaba, D., & Baker, L. (2009). Relationship of safety climate and safety performance in hospitals. Health Services Research, 44(2p), 399 42. http://dx.doi.org/0./j.475-6773.2008.0098.x Smeby, S. S., Johnsen, R., & Marhaug, G. (205). Documentation and disclosure of adverse events that led to compensated patient injury in a Norwegian university hospital. International Society for Quality in Health Care, 27(6), 485-489 http://dx.doi.org/0.093/intqhc/mzv084 Stein, A. D., Makarawo, T. P., & Ahmad, M. F. R. (2003). A survey of doctors' and nurses' knowledge, attitudes and compliance with infection control guidelines in Birmingham teaching hospitals. Journal of Hospital Infection, 54(), 200 íêµê°ížêµì¡ííì§ 22(2), 206 ë 5 ì
ìêžì¢ í©ë³ìì¢ ì¬ììë³ììì 묞íìžì곌ìì íë 68-73. http://dx.doi.org/0.06/s095-670(03)00074-4 Stevanin, S., Bressan, V., Bulfone, G., Zanini, A., Dante, A., & Palese, A. (205). Knowledge and competence with patient safety as perceived by nursing students: The findings of a cross-sectional study. Nurse Education Today, 35(8), 926-934. http://dx.doi.org/0.06/j.nedt.205.04.002 Toghian, C. N., Ahrari, S., & Alikhah, S. (204). Comparison the effect of teaching of SBAR technique with role play and lecturing on communication skill of nurses. Journal of Caring Sciences, 3(2), 4-47. http://dx.doi.org/0.568/ jcs.204.05 Ulrich, B., & Kear, T. (204). Patient safety and patient safety culture: Foundations of excellent health care delivery. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 4(5), 447-456. Ulrich, B., & Kear, T. (205). Patient safety culture in nephrology nurse practice settings: Results by primary work unit, organizational work setting, and primary role. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 42(3), 22-236. Waeschle, R. M., Bauer, M., & Schmidt, C. E. (205). Errors in medicine: Causes, impact and improvement measures to improve patient safety. Der Anaesthesist, 64(9), 689-704. http://dx.doi.org/0.007/s000-05-0052-4 Yoon, S. H., Kim, B. S., & Kim, S. Y. (203). Development and validation of the Korean patient safety culture scale for nursing homes. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 43 (3), 379-388. http://dx.doi.org/0.4040/jkan.203.43.3.379 Yoon, S. H., Kim, S. Y., & Wu, X. L. (204). Perception of workers on patient safety culture and degree of patient safety in nursing homes in Korea. Journal of Korean Nursing Administration Academic Society, 20(3), 247-256. http://dx.doi.org/0./jkana.204.20.3.247 Awareness of Hospital Safety Culture and Safety Activities of Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital Ha, Eun-Ho ) Hyun, Kyoung-Soon 2) Cho, Jin-Young ) ) Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Jungwon University 2) Surveyor, Korea Insutitute for Healthcare Accreditation Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify awareness of hospital safety culture (AHSC) and safety activities (SA) of workers in a tertiary care hospital, and the factors influencing safety activities. Methods: 303 Participants from the tertiary care hospital in Seoul were invited. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 8.0. Results: The level of AHSC and SA was 3.6 and 4.7, respectively. There were differences between AHSC and SA according to gender, religion, employment status, job class, working period, safety education, need for safety education, and number of safety accident reports. There was a positive relationship between AHSC and SA. The factors influencing SA were communication and process, employment status, and safety accident reports. Conclusion: AHSC and SA are important factors to improve hospital safety, as well as increasing chances to receive hospital accreditation. Key words : Awareness, Hospitals, Patients, Safety, Worker Address reprint requests to : Hyun Kyoung-Soon Korea Insutitute for Healthcare Accreditation 0th, #0, Gukhoe-daero 76-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, Korea 50-870 Tel: 82-2-2076-0600 Fax: 82-2-2076-0666 E-mail: gusrudtns@hanmail.net íêµê°ížêµì¡ííì§ 22(2), 206 ë 5 ì 20