: *,,. 214..,.,,,.,,,.,,.,,,.. * 2013. :,, (361-763) 1 E-mail : sungmoon@chungbuk.ac.kr
,,,,,, (U.S. Census Bureau, 2013).,, (Gomez, Miranda, & Polanco, 2011). (Berry, Kim, Minde, & Mok, 1987), (Sirin, Ryce, Gupta, & Rogers-Sirin, 2013), (Miller, Yang, Farrell, & Lin, 2011). (Cassidy, O Connor, Howe, & Warden, 2004), (Rankin & Reason, 2005). (Perceived Discrimination) (Flores, Tschann, Dimans, Bachen, Pasch, & de Groat, 2008). (Acculturative Stress Scale for International Students; ASSIS) (Ying, Lee, & Tsai, 2000). 1 (Alvarez, Juang, & Liang, 2006), (Bernstein, Park, Shin, Cho, & Park, 2011). (Gee, Spencer, Chen, Yip, & Takeuchi, 2007), (Cristini, Scacchi, Perkins, Santinello, & Vieno, 2011), (Schmitt, Branscombe, Postmes, & Garcia, 2014), (Portes & Rumbaut, 2006). (Min, Moon, & Lubben, 2005)., (Jung, Hecht, & Wadsworth, 2007; Wei, Ku, Russell, & Mallinckrodt, 2008), (Noh, Beiser, Kaspar, Hou, & Joanna, 1999; Noh & Kaspar, 2003). (Dion, Dion, & Pak, 1992) (Pieterse & Carter, 2007), (Wei et al., 2008)., Pieterse Carter(2007),
(Sanders-Thompson, 2002; Taylor & Turner, 2002).. (Clark, Anderson, Clark, & Williams, 1999; Dion, 2002; Harrell, 2000). Lazarus Folkman(1984) -, Meyer(2003). (Skinner, Edge, Altman, & Sherwood, 2003),, (Compas, Connor-Smith, Saltzman, Thomsen, & Wadsworth, 2001; Garnefski, Kraaij, & Spinhoven, 2001)., (Noh & Kaspar, 2003; Yoo & Lee, 2005).. Noh (1999). Wei, Heppner, Ku Liao(2010) Wei (2008).., (Yeh, Inman, Kim, & Okubo, 2006).,, (Pascoe & Richman, 2009)... (Dion, 2002), (Folkman & Lazarus, 1980; Lazarus, 1993)., (Noh et al., 1999).
., (Wei et al., 2008). Wei, Heppner (2010). Noh Kaspar(2003).,. (Heppner, Heppner, Lee, Wang, Park, & Wang, 2006), (Kim, Sherman, Ko, & Taylor, 2006). (Ahn & Kim, 2008).., (Schmitt & Branscombe, 2002).. Mossakowski(2003), Lee (2005). (Caldwell, Kohn-Wood, Schmeelk-Cone, Chavous, & Zimmerman, 2004; Mossakowski, 2003). Noh (1999). Noh Kaspar (2003).,. (LaFromboise, Coleman, & Gerton, 1993)..,
(Brondolo, Brady, Pencille, Beatty, & Contrada, 2009)., (Nguyen & Benet-Matinez, 2013; Ruzek, Nguyen, & Herzog, 2011).. (Huynh, Devos, & Goldberg, 2014).,,.,.,,,,, (Kim et al., 2006).,.,, (Ahn & Kim, 2008). (Aldwin, 2004), (Brondolo et al., 2009).,,.. (Bicultural Individual) (Hong, 2010), (Hong, Benet-Martinez, Chiu, & Morris, 2003).,, (Schwartz & Unger, 2010). (Hong, Morris, Chiu, & Benet-Martinez, 2000), (Stroink & Lalonde, 2009).
.. (Brondolo et al., 2009). (Nguyen & Benet-Martinez, 2013; Omizo, Kim, & Abel, 2008). Nguyen Benet-Martinez(2013),. (Bicultural Self-Efficacy).,,, (David, Okazaki, & Saw, 2009; LaFromboise et al., 1993). (Hong, 2010), (Wei, Liao, Chao, Mallinckrodt, Tsai, & Botello-Zamarron, 2010). David (2009) (Bicultural Self-Efficacy Scale; BSES)., (David et al., 2009; Schwartz & Unger, 2010; Wei, Liao et al., 2010),,.. (Wei, Liao et al., 2010). (David et al., 2009; Miller et al., 2011; Schwartz & Unger, 2010). Wei, Liao (2010). Miller (2011) 2. 1, 2
, ( *, * ).. 1.? 2.? 3.? 4.? 287. 214. 19 37 23.5 (SD=5.06)., 66%, 5%, 28.5%. 66%, 25%, 9%. 5 42.1% 2 31.2%, 2 5 26.7%. Cohen, Kamarck Mermelstein(1983) (Perceived Stress Scale) (2010). 5 ( :,?) 5 ( :,?), 5 10.. Cohen (1983) Cronbach's α.83-.86.70.
Sandu Asrabadi(1994) (Acculturative Stress Scale for International Students: ASSIS) (Perceived Discrimination). 5 8 ( : ). Wei (2008) Cronbach's α.92.90. Heppner, Cook, Wright Johnson(1995) (Problem-Focused Style of Coping) (2009). 5 7 ( : ), 6 ( : ), 5 ( : ), 18. Heppner (1995) Cronbach's α.77,.76,.73.81,.81,.69. Ryder, Alden Paulhus(2000) (The Vancouver Index of Acculturation; VIA). 10 ( : ) 10 ( : ), 9 20.. David (2009) Cronbach's α.87,.86.87,.84. David (2009) (Bicultural Self-Efficacy; BSES). 9 26 ( : ). David (2009) Cronbach's α.94.93.
Radloff(1977) Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),, (2001). 4 20 ( : ). (2001) Cronbach's α.91,.91. 2013 3 4.,. 30. SPSS 18.0,.,,. 1. (r=.41, p<.01)... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. 1 2..27 *** 1 3. -.19 **.02 1 4..60 **.35 ** -.18 ** 1 5..40 **.30 **.14 *.64 ** 1 6..09 -.08.06.03.17 * 1 7. -.06 -.22 **.09 -.02.04.32 ** 1 8. -.16 * -.38 **.19 ** -.18 ** -.10.25 **.69 ** 1 9..65 **.41 ** -.03.75 **.58 **.04 -.08 -.19 ** 1 M 18.38 16.64 3.19 2.47 2.70 64.87 53.79 164.34 19.34 SD 4.72 5.95.71.78.70 13.28 12.66 32.01 10.62 * p <.05, ** p <.01, *** p <.001.
(r=.75, p<.01), (r=.58, p<.01),., (r=-.19, p<.01),.,,.80.. (β=.253, p<.001)... 1. 2. 3. 3 R²..,.,,. 1. 2,,, 3 2. 4. 4 R².,,,,.,,, ±1
t R 2 R 2 F 1.653 12.543 ***.423.426 157.332 *** 2 3 (B).073 1.449.481.065 8.822 *** (A).247 4.775 *** (C).000 -.006 A X B.011.215 A X C.034.675 B X C.023.454.475.002.288 4 A X B X C -.066-1.221.477.004 1.492 1.653 12.543 ***.423.423 157.332 *** 2 3 (B).513 9.562 ***.637.218 42.677 *** (A).150 3.363 ** (C).008.189 A X B.053 1.265 A X C.005.104 B X C.083 1.932.642.010 1.967 4 A X B X C -.104-2.411 *.650.010 5.814 * 1.653 12.543 ***.423.426 157.332 *** 2 3 (B).353 6.973 ***.575.157 26.117 *** (A).175 3.651 *** (C) -.049-1.073 A X B.063 1.390 A X C.029.627 B X C.003.066.574.005.867 4 A X B X C -.077-1.544.577.005 2.385 * p <.05, ** p <.01, *** p <.001.
t R 2 R 2 F 1.653 12.543 ***.423.426 157.332 *** 2 3 (B).073 1.432.481.065 8.828 *** (A).249 4.713 *** (C).007.133 A X B.029.569 A X C.052 1.011 B X C.085 1.645.485.012 1.616 4 A X B X C -.006 -.116.483.000.014 1.653 12.543 ***.423.426 157.332 *** 2 3 (B).515 9.659 ***.638.218 42.768 *** (A).144 3.168 *** (C) -.019 -.454 A X B.053 1.205 A X C.037.826 B X C.020.452.638.005 1.011 4 A X B X C -.008 -.173.636.000.030 1.653 12.543 ***.423.426 157.332 *** 2 3 (B).347 6.888 ***.573.155 25.711 *** (A).177 3.601 *** (C) -.024 -.511 A X B.065 1.405 A X C.041.824 B X C.017.342.573.007 1.090 4 A X B X C -.011 -.201.571.000.041 * p <.05, ** p <.01, *** p <.001.
t R 2 R 2 F 1.653 12.543 ***.423.426 157.332 *** 2 3 (B).079 1.526.481.065 8.912 *** (A).237 4.277 *** (C) -.027 -.492 A X B.051.942 A X C -.012 -.239 B X C.100 1.849.483.009 1.169 4 A X B X C -.025 -.468.481.001.219 1.653 12.543 ***.423.426 157.332 *** 2 3 (B).513 9.648 ***.637.218 42.661 *** (A).150 3.189 *** (C).003.078 A X B.068 1.529 A X C -.005 -.119 B X C.043.850.636.004.833 4 A X B X C.009.172.635.000.029
t R 2 R 2 F 1.653 12.543 ***.423.426 157.332 *** 2 3 (B).344 6.884 ***.573.155 25.667 *** (A).175 3.444 *** (C) -.020 -.405 A X B.060 1.287 A X C -.019 -.384 B X C -.010 -.200.571.005.758 4 A X B X C -.005 -.106.569.000.011 * p <.05, ** p <.01, *** p <.001. 3 4.,, ( 3).,, ( 4).,, 4. 4,,,,.,,,..,. (Gee et al., 2007; Noh & Kaspar, 2003, Noh et
al., 1999; Wei et al., 2008).,. CES-D 16 (Mulrow, Williams, Gerety, Ramirez, Montiel, & Kerber, 1995), 16 60%, 11% 34. Mellin(2008) 5%.,, (Min et al., 2005; Oh, Koeske, & Sales, 2002). (Model Minority) (Alvarez et al., 2006),.,,,.., Wei, Heppner (2010)... Wei (2008)... Brittian, Toomey, Gonzales Dumka(2013). (Noh et al., 1999; Noh & Kaspar, 2003), (Noh & Kaspar, 2003; Yoo & Lee, 2005). (Kuo, 2011).
, (Harrell, 2000).,.,,,,.,,.,.. (forbearance) (Wei, Liao, Heppner, Chao, & Ku, 2012).,.. (Tummala-Narra, Alegria, & Chen, 2012), (Wei et al., 2012). Noh Kaspar(2003),.,,. (Heppner et al., 1995)., (Noh & Kaspar, 2003).,,.,, (Umana-Taylor & Updegraff, 2007)..
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The Relationship between Perceived Discrimination and Depression in Korean Canadian College Students: Moderating Effects of Coping Strategies, Cultural Identity and Bicultural Self-Efficacy Anna(OAN NA) Lee Sung Moon Lim Chungbuk National University The primary goal of the present study was to examine the moderating effects of coping strategies, cultural identity, and bicultural self-efficacy on the relationship between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms of Korean Canadian college students. Data were collected from 214 Korean Canadian college students studying in Canada through an online and offline survey. A direct effect of perceived discrimination on depressive symptoms and the moderating effects of coping strategies on the relationship between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms were examined by using hierarchical regression analysis. And three-way interaction of perceived discrimination, coping strategies, and cultural identity, and perceived discrimination, coping strategies, and bicultural self-efficacy on depressive symptoms were examined. Results from a hierarchical regression indicated that perceived discrimination significantly predicted depressive symptoms and this finding is in line with previous studies. Second, reflective, suppressive, and reactive coping strategies did not moderate the relationship between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms. Third, the three-way interaction effect of perceived discrimination, suppressive coping strategy, and heritage identity predicted the depressive symptoms. Low heritage identity, high level of perceived discrimination and the frequent use of suppressive coping strategy increased the level of depressive symptoms. Fourth, the three-way interaction effect of perceived discrimination, coping strategies, and bicultural self-efficacy did not predict the depressive symptoms. Limitations and applied implications of the results are discussed. Key words : Bicultural self-efficacy, cultural identity, depressive symptoms, perceived discrimination, reactive coping, suppressive coping