Research Article Korean J Child Stud 2018;39(4):81-92 https://doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2018.39.4.81 pissn: 1226-1688 eissn: 2234-408X The Influence of Maternal Meta-Emotion Philosophy on Mother Child Reciprocal Affect Reactions During Task Interactions Eun Young Nahm, So Eun Park Department of Child Studies, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea -, Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between maternal meta-emotion philosophy and mother-child reactions during their interactions. Methods: The study sample consisted of 44 mothers and their 5-year-old children. Data were collected by a semi-structured meta-emotion philosophy interview about emotions and by observing a mother - child interaction teaching task for 15 minutes. All interviews and interaction task data were quantitatively processed. Results: Our analysis showed that maternal emotional regulation reduces maternal negative affects. We also found that maternal emotional coaching of the child is a factor that decreases the child's negative emotional reactions. Moreover mothers who can regulate better their own emotions have an influence on the pattern of 'maternal neutral emotion - child positive emotion', while mothers who accept the child's emotions well have influence on the 'maternal positive emotion - child positive emotion' pattern. Finally, maternal emotional acceptance, emotional regulation and emotional awareness of the child's emotion led to a reduction of the 'maternal negative emotion - child negative emotion' patterns. Conclusion: These results suggest that maternal meta-emotion philosophy is a foundation for the actual mother-child interaction and is an important factor in mother-child reciprocal affect patterns. Keywords: maternal meta-emotion philosophy, mother-child reciprocal affect reaction, task interaction. (Fischer & Manstead, 2008). - (Paavola, Kunnari, & Moilanen, 2005; Webster-Stratton, Reid, & Hammond, 2004), (Chen, Lin, & Li, 2012; Krippl, Ast- Scheitenberger, Bovenschen, & Spangler 2010). - Corresponding Author: EunYoung Nahm, Department of Child Studies, Seoul Women's University, 621, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea E-mail: nahmey@swu.ac.kr The Korean Association of Child Studies This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Nahm and Park 82 (Dunsmore & Karn, 2001; Morey, Gentzler, Creasy, Oberhauser, & Westerman, 2013). Gottman, Katz Hooven (1996),,,,, (meta-emotion philosophy). (Salovey & Mayer, 1990),,,. (Gottman et al., 1996; Norman & Furnes, 2016). (Gottman et al., 1996; Katz, Maliken, & Stettler, 2012; Shortt, Stoolmiller, Smith-Shine, Eddy, & Sheeber, 2010).,. (Katz & Windecker-Nelson, 2004), (Katz & Hunter, 2007).,, (Gottman et al., 1996; Katz, et al., 2012). Gottman., (Dusmore & Karn, 2001; Jeong & Park, 2012). (Cervantes & Seo, 2005; Dunsmore & Karn, 2001, Halberstadt, Thompson, Parker, & Dunsmore, 2008).,,. (metaemotion interview).,,,,,,, (Katz, Mittman, & Hooven, 1994)., (Nahm, 2006). (Wong, Diener, & Isabella, 2008), (Gottman et al., 1996)., (Katz & Hunter, 2007; Song & Nahm, 2013).,, (Gottman et al., 1996). Nahm (2006),, (Choi & Nahm, 2016; Kim & Nahm, 2013; Song & Nahm, 2013). (Stettler & Katz, 2014), -,
83 Meta-Emotion Philosophy and Affect Reactions. (reciprocal affect reaction), (Kelly & Barnard, 2000), (Carson & Parke, 1996), (Osofsky & Thompson, 2000). Siegel (1999) -,,,.,,, (Carson & Parke, 1996). -, -. Nahm Park (2017).,, (Katz et al., 2012; Nahm & Park, 2017; Shortt et al., 2010). - (Nahm & Park, 2017) (Shin, Park, Kim, & Doh, 2015). -,., -. 5, (Bernier, Carlson, & Whipple, 2010). (Meyer, Railes, Virmani, Waters, & Thompson, 2014). -.. -,... 1 -? 2 -? 연구대상 5 44. 27 (61.4%), 17 (38.6%), 37.36. 5 (11.4%), 20 (45.5%), 19 (43.2%). 200 8 (18.2%), 200 400 24 (54.5%), 400 600 12 (18.2%), 600 4 (9.1%).
Nahm and Park 84 연구도구어머니상위정서철학 Nahm (2006) Katz Gottman (1986) (parent meta-emotion interview)., ( :????). 40-60,. Katz (1994) Nahm (2006) (meta-emotion coding system). (Katz & Windecker-Nelson, 2004), (, ). 7.70 3 30%. (ICC).74~.91. (, 17-47.9 ).. 96, 155.8, 95.8. ( ),.,,,,. 9 (, 17-36 )., 13 (, 25-52 ). 11 (, 23.1-46 ). 9 (, 12-39 ).. 72, 104, 92, 78. 어머니-자녀상호작용실험 ( ).,,,,,,, 5,, (, 2.9 3.1). 12 (, 24-48 )., 17 (, 26-77.9 ). 12 Nahm (2006) (teaching-task). 15,. 3 18,, 8.,., Kahen Nahm (2006) Kahen (Kahen Affeect Coding System [KACS]).
85 Meta-Emotion Philosophy and Affect Reactions KACS,,. (, ), (, : / / ), ( / ),. (, ) ( : / / /, / ), ( / ),. INTERACT 8 (Mangold, 2008). KACS,.. 6 (ICC >.7) 25%, (ICC).75 -.89. 자료분석 Kahen PASW 18.0 (SPSS INC., Chicago, IL).,., Pearson.., 0.1 (0.41~0.68), (VIF) 10 (3.54~5.13), Durbin-Waston 2. - Kahen vs INTERACT 8 (contingency analysis).,.. 16 ( : 4, : 4), (PCA).. (Jolliffe, 2002). (Varimax) -., 6. 1.0 4, 84.86%. (MNuE) - (CPE), (MPE) - (CPE), (MNE) - (CNE), (MNE) - (CNuE). 주요변인들의기술통계및상관분석 - (Table 1) (Table 2). (r = -.38, p <.01). (r = -.31, p <.05). (r = -.32, p <.05). 어머니상위정서철학이상호작용에서나타난어머니 - 자녀정서반응에미치는영향 -. Table 3., 19% (F = 3.07, p <.05, β = -.73, p <.01).
Nahm and Park 86 Table 1 Descriptive Statistics Variable M SD Maternal meta-emotion philosophy Emotional awareness 85.45 4.78 Emotional acceptance 107.25 6.46 Emotional regulation 77.99 6.53 Emotional awareness of child s emotion 62.51 4.51 Emotional acceptance of child s emotion 77.67 4.17 Emotional coaching of child s emotion 70.01 5.45 Emotional regulation of child s emotion 57.81 4.92 Maternal affect Positive 96.21 66.74 Negative 28.63 53.37 Tension 118.56 76.20 Neutral 679.45 111.85 Child affect Positive 51.90 58.46 Negative 28.61 24.01 Tension 187.29 156.22 Neutral 616.34 145.64 Note. N = 44. 34%, (F = 2.63, p <.05, β = -.40, p <.05). 어머니상위정서철학이상호작용에서나타난어머니 - 자녀상호호혜적정서반응패턴에미치는영향 -, - Table 4. - (r =.41, p <.01). - (r =.40, p <.05). - (r = -.42, p <.01), (r = -.32 p <.05), (r = -.40, p <.01).,, - Table 2 Correlations of Related Variables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Maternal meta-emotion philosophy 1-2.46** - 3.16.34* - 4.41**.32* -.07-5.20.46**.44**.31* - 6.42**.56**.27.53** -.64** - 7.06.15.45**.26.56**.34* - Maternal affect 8.08 -.19.16 -.07.01 -.05 -.05-9.13 -.02 -.38*.06 -.25 -.04 -.14 -.42** - 10.08.05.30.09.03.03 -.32* -.06.14-11.02.10 -.13 -.22.02 -.09 -.06 -.18 -.13 -.56** - Child affect 12 -.06 -.21 -.05 -.04.04 -.10 -.18.63** -.26 -.24.02-13 -.01 -.14 -.19 -.06 -.05 -.31* -.21.07.15.51 -.04.13-14.22.17.28.11.11.14.11 -.21.48*.66** -.31* -.39**.13-15.01.19 -.08 -.18.04.03.03.03 -.23 -.51**.54**.02 -.27 -.61** Note. N = 44; 1 = emotional awareness; 2 = emotional acceptance; 3 = emotional regulation; 4 = emotional awareness of child's emotion; 5 = emotional acceptance of child's emotion; 6 = emotional coaching of child's emotion; 7 = emotional regulation of child's emotion; 8 = positive; 9 = negative; 10 = tension; 11 = neural; 12 = positive; 13 = negative; 14 = tension; 15 = neutral. *p <.05. **p <.01.
87 Meta-Emotion Philosophy and Affect Reactions., Table 5. - (t = 2.52, p <.05), 31% (F = 4.55, p <.05). - Table 3 Multiple Regression Analysis: Maternal Meta-Emotion Philosophy as Predictor of Maternal Affect and Child Affect Dependent variable Independent variable β t R 2 F Maternal affect negativity Emotional awareness.18 1.10.19 3.07* Emotional acceptance.05 -.29 Emotional regulation -.73** -2.83 Emotional awareness of child s emotion.09.52.10 1.07 Emotional acceptance of child s emotion -.39-1.69 Emotional coaching of child s emotion.17.73 Emotional regulation of child s emotion -.01 -.04 Child affect negativity Emotional awareness.13 2.34.02.30 Note. N = 44. *p <.05. **p <.01. Emotional acceptance.17.94 Emotional regulation.05.28 Emotional awareness of child s emotion -.08 -.41.34 2.63* Emotional acceptance of child s emotion -.05 -.22 Emotional coaching of child s emotion -.40* -.56 Emotional regulation of child s emotion -.10 -.54 Table 4 Correlations of Maternal Meta-Emotion Philosophy and Mother-Child Interaction Patterns 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Meta-emotion philosophy 1-2.46** - 3.16.34* - 4.41**.32* -.06-5.20.46**.44**.31* - 6.42**.56**.27.53**.65** - 7 -.05.15.45**.26.56**.34* - Mother-child interaction pattern 8 -.09 -.07.41**.05.04.22.22-9.12.04.16.09.40**.13.12.01-10 -.11 -.42** -.32* -.40** -.03 -.05 -.20.00.03-11.09.21.01.09.02.07.00.01.00.00 Note. N = 44; 1 = emotional awareness; 2 = emotional acceptance; 3 = emotional regulation; 4 = emotional awareness of child s emotion; 5 = emotional acceptance of child s emotion; 6 = emotional coaching of child s emotion; 7 = emotional regulation of child s emotion; 8 = maternal neutral emotion - child positive emotion; 9 = maternal positive emotion - child positive emotion; 10 = maternal negative emotion - child negative emotion; 11 = maternal negative emotion - child neutral emotion. *p <.05. **p <.01.
Nahm and Park 88 Table 5 Multiple Regression Analysis of Maternal Meta-Emotion Philosophy as as Predictor of Mother-Child Interaction Patterns Dependent variable Independent variable β t R 2 F Maternal neutral emotion - Child positive emotion Emotional regulation.31** 2.52.31 4.55* Maternal positive emotion - Child positive emotion Emotional acceptance of child s emotion.07* 2.40.38 5.77* Maternal negative emotion - Child negative emotion Emotional acceptance -.23* -2.35.34 5.52* Note. N = 44. *p <.05. **p <.01. Emotional regulation -.13* -2.13 Emotional awareness of child s emotion -.17* -2.06, 38% (t =.07, p <.05), (F = 5.77, p <.05). -, (t = -.23, p <.05; t = -.13 p <.05; t = -.17, p <.05). 34% (F = 5.52, p <.05). 5 44 -. -.., -,,.,.,, Landry, Smith, MillerLoncar Swank (1998)., (Nahm & Park, 2017), (Zhou et al., 2002).., (Gottman et al., 1996; Gottman & Nahm, 2007).,., (Katz & Windecker-Nelson, 2004), (Hunter et al., 2011)., -, -. (Katz & Windecker-Nelson, 2004; Nahm & Park, 2017),. -
89 Meta-Emotion Philosophy and Affect Reactions. -.,,. (Bell & Wolfe, 2004). (McElwain, Halberstadt, & Volling, 2007; Meyer et al., 2014), -., -,., -, -. -,,., (Kring, Smith, & Neale, 1994), (Katz & Windecker-Nelson, 2004),.,, (Park & Nahm, 2010). -.., -,. (Lunkenheimer, Shields, & Cortina, 2007), -.,,. -.,..,..,.,,. (Kim & Nahm, 2013),. ( ),.
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