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., -,.,,. OO P.,. 86 44 (51.2%), 42 (48.8%). : 36 (3 ) = ; 60 (5 ) =. 45 (52.3%), 41 (47.7%). 3 (e. g., Blaauw, 1982). 1. (r =.90, p <.001).., ( = 68.5, = 73.2, t(84) = -.29, ns).,. = (N = 22) = (N = 22) = (N = 23) = (N = 19) ( ) 23.23(2.02) 32.77(6.43) 21.87(3.18) 37.37(9.52) ( ) 15.36(10.76) 121.55(49.99) 10.96(10.06) 148.47(72.90)
Forum8 UC-win/Road(ver. 6.1.2). 1m 3 50 (PN50C431) TV, 120. 5.1 Britz BR5100T. Logitech Driving Force GT,. IV (2.03GHz), NVIDIA Geforce GTX640. (Britt & Garrity, 2006). (e. g., Underwood et al., 1999), ( : )., ( ) ( ). ( ), ( ).. (2009). Britt Garrity(2006). (,, 2009),
(Wickens et al., 2011).. 1. ( 1a ) 2, (A) (B).... 2, ( 1b ). (A) (B),. ( ) (C) (a) (b)..., 3.. ( ) ( )
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3 ( : Box M = 16.20, p =.079, : Box M = 14.87, p =.115). 2 Levene, ( :, F(3, 82) =.71, ns; :, F(3, 82) =.41, ns; :, F(3, 82) = 1.66, ns; :, F(3, 82) =1.65, ns)., 2 2. 2 3. 3,, 2. [F(1, 81) = 30.36, MSe =.62, p <.001], 2 [F(1, 81) = 17.62, MSe =.62, p <.001]. ( ) (5.76 vs, 5.10), 2., (6.03 vs. 4.84, t(41) = 5.95, p <.001). = = = = : 5.25(0.28) 5.73(0.22) 6.24(0.24) 5.82(0.28) : 5.31(0.20) 5.38(0.20) 4.40(0.21) 5.53(0.24) : 4.87(0.28) 5.53(0.27) 5.85(0.29) 5.23(0.34) : 5.46(0.32) 4.99(0.31) 5.77(0.33) 5.22(0.38)
., 3 [F(1, 81) = 12.64, MSe =.62, p <.01], 2 ( 3).,. - [F(1, 81) = 6.50, MSe =.94, p <.05] 2 [F(1, 81) = 4.35, MSe =.94, p <.05]. (5.25 vs.
SS df MS F p : ( ) 1.33 1 1.33 1.22.265.01 (A) 6.08 1 6.08 6.50.013.07 (B) 0.01 1 0.01 0.01.935.00 A x B 4.07 1 4.07 4.35.040.05 75.78 81 0.94 : ( ) 1.06 1 1.06 1.46.230.02 (A) 4.85 1 4.85 6.68.012.08 (B) 2.48 1 2.48 3.42.068.04 A x B 3.75 1 3.75 5.17.026.06 58.85 81 0.73 : ( ) 1.57 1 1.57 1.12.294.01 (A) 2.43 1 2.43 1.73.192.02 (B) 0.01 1 0.01 0.00.952.00 A x B 8.15 1 8.15 5.80.018.07 113.71 81 1.40 : ( ) 2.22 1 2.22 1.22.273.02 (A) 1.52 1 1.52 0.83.364.01 (B) 2.54 1 2.54 1.40.241.02 A x B 0.03 1 0.03 0.02.900.00 147.58 81 1.82 6.24, t(43) = -3.89, p <.001). - [F(1, 81) = 6.68, MSe =.73, p <.01] 2 [F(1, 81) = 5.17, MSe =.73, p <.05]. -., -
-, (5.31 vs. 4.40, t(43) = 3.80, p <.01)., ( ) ( ),,,. 3,,. 3 [F(1, 81) = 4.42, MSe =.86, p <.05], 2., -, 2 [F(1, 81) = 5.80, MSe = 1.40, p <.05] ( 2 ). t-. - (4.87 vs. 5.85, t(43) = -2.81, p <.01). -.,..,.
..., ( )., (, ).,.,.,. (36 ) (60 ), ( ),..,. Lajunen Parker (2001), Brewer(2000), Arnett (1997), Lawton Nutter(2002)..
(Arnett et al., 1997; Brewer, 2000; Lajunen & Parker, 2001; Lawton & Nutter, 2002),.,,,.., -.,. -.,,., -.,.,.., (e. g., Vallieres et al., 2005).,,
. ( ) -. -, - (e. g., Lewis, 1995; Monson, Tanke, & Lund, 1980)., -,. Jones Nisbett(1972) -. -.. -.,.., -., ( ), ( ).. -
( 2 ). - ( ), ( ).., Hennessy Wiesenthal(2001),,. (Deffenbacher et al., 2001). (e. g., Lonczak et al., 2007). - -.,,., ( ). -,.,..,
-., -. (Deffenbacher et al., 2001; Hennessy & Wiesenthal, 2001).. -,.,.,., (2009).,. (2), 403-418.,, (2004). -. (3), 713-728., (2011).. (3), 321-341. (2012). -. (3), 389-413. Arnett, J. J., Offer, D., & Fine, M. A. (1997). Reckless driving in adolescence: state and trait factors. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 29, 57-63.
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Differences in Driver Anger as a Function of Gender, Driving Experience, and Actor-Observer Perspective: A Driving Simulation Study Jaesik Lee Department of Psychology, Pusan National University This driving simulation study examined relative differences in driving anger as the functions of drivers gender and driving experiences, and actor-observer perspectives when they were exposed in two anger-provoking driving scenarios(cutting-in and sudden stop). The results showed the followings. First, neither drivers gender nor driving experience, when they were considered independently of the driving situation types and actor-observer perspectives, yielded significant difference in driving anger. Second, actor-observer effect on driving anger was observed only in the cutting-in condition where other driver s intension was emphasized. Third, the female drivers of low driving experience tended to show the strongest tendency of actor-observer bias in the cutting-in condition. These results suggested that the levels of driving anger as the functions of drivers gender and driving experience can be differed by types of driving situation as well as perspectives of drivers interpreting the situations. Key words : driving anger, actor-observer effect, driving simulation, gender and driving experience