: *. 112,,, 1., 1,,. 1,,.,.,. *. :,, (631-701) Tel : 052-249-6412, E-mail : ilcheu@gamil.com
. 2012 (, 2012) 15 ~24 10 7, (38.6%)., (65.1%), (46.0%) (,,, 2002; 2005).,,,, 47.4%, 55.1%, 55.4%, 26.3% (,,, 2002)..,... (2009),.,,, 190,,,,,. (2009). (,, 2012; Lyubomirsky, King, & Diener, 2005; Veenhoven, 1988).,. Lyubomirsky (2005) 225.,,,,,.. (Fredrickson & Losada, 2005; Seligman & Schulman, 1986; Wright, Cropanzano, Denney & Moline, 2002). Wright (2002) 2,,. Burger Caldwell(2000) 3
. (Fox & Spector, 2000). (, 2010).. Fredrickson(2001) (broaden and building theory).,,,,., (Ashby, Isen, & Turken, 1999).,.., (,, 2012; Fox & Spector, 2000; Gilman & Huebner, 2006; Marsh, Trautwein, Ludtke, Koller, & Baumert, 2006; Rode et al., 2005). Gilman Huebner(2006) 485,,, 20%, 50%, 20%.., GPA.. Rode (2005),,. GPA.,. Frisch (2005) 1~3. / Oishi, Deiner Lucas(2007), GPA. De Fruty Mervielde(1996),,,. Cheng Furnham(2002).. Chang, McBride-Chang, Stewart Au(2003) 189 2 8,
2 8. Kashdan Yuen(2007). Nickerson, Diener Schwarz(2011),. Mellanby, Martin O Doherty(2000). (Trockel, Barnes, & Egget, 2000),, Svanum Zody(2001).,., (2012)., 2 4 3.,, 4. 3,. 3., (2008) 695 2004 2006.,,...,, (,, 2007;,,,,, 2009), (2012). (, 2005).,, (,,, 1994)..
..,. (, ) (Diener, Suh, Lucas, & Smith, 1999).,, (Lucas, Diner, & Suh, 1996).,?..,,,,,.,,, (Diener, Ng, Harter, & Arora, 2010; Kahneman & Deaton, 2010). Diener (2010),. Kahneman Deaton(2010). 75,000,. 75,000.,. Diener Fujita(1995).,,, (r =.27) (r =.11) (r = -.19).,,...
. (,, ).,.. (2012)..,.. Nickerson (2011),,. (, ).. (2009).,. : (1). (2),,. 4, 1. 112, 46 (41.1%), 66 (58.9%). 21.85 (SD=2.41, 1 ).. 1, 2,. 1 2 3.
(Subjective WellBeing: SWB),,, (Sheldon & Kasser, 2001).. (Satisfaction With Life Scale: SWLS) Diener, Emmons, Larsen Griffin(1985), 5 7 (1:, 7: ).,. (Cronbach's α).80. Watson, Clark Tellegen(1988) / (Positive and Negative Affect Scale: PANAS). PANAS 10 20, 5 (1:, 5: ).,,,,,,,. (Cronbach's α).83,.86.. 1 4.3 3.52 (SD=.42), 2 3.53(SD=.59). Predictive Analytics Soft Ware (PASW: SPSS Statistics) 18.0. 1 2, 1,, 1 2., 1 (, ) 1, 2 1. 1 2.. 1 1
2 ( 1). 1 2 1., 1 2 (r=.59, p<.001), 2 (r=.20, p<.05). 1 2,. 2 1 (r=.19, p<.05), 2 (r=.22, p<.05), 1 (r=.21, p<.05), 1 (r=.48, p<.001). 1. 1 (r=-.14, p<.08) (r=-.18, p<.08). 2. 1 1 2 (ß=.17, p<.05; R 2 =.03, p<.05). 1., 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1. (SWB)_1 4.94 1.98.59 ***.88 ***.54 **.75 ***.49 *** -.64 *** -.32 ***.04.20 *.01 -.16 2. (SWB)_2 4.91 1.96.56 ***.89 ***.33 ***.73 *** -.41 *** -.66 ***.08.11.01 -.07 3. (LS)_1 4.43 1.10.58 ***.58 ***.46 ** -.31 *** -.22 *.05.19 *.06 -.14 # 4. (LS)_2 4.45 1.03.31 ***.58 *** -.27 ** -.40 ***.11.22 *.09 -.11 5. (PA)_1 3.03.70.48 *** -.20 *.01 -.00.21 *.01 -.18 # 6. (PA)_2 3.02.72 -.16 -.14 -.05.10.05.05 7. (NA)_1 2.51.79.51 *** -.04 -.06.07.04 8. (NA)_2 2.56.79 -.09 -.10.05.08 9. _1 3.52.42.48 ***.01.06 10. _2 3.53.59.10 -.06 11. 1.59.50 -.04 12. 21.85 2.41 # <.08, * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001.
SWB_1 _2 _1 SWB_2 2 2 B S.E. ß B S.E. ß.11.10.10.03.31.01 -.01.02 -.05.02.06.02 _1.66.12.47 *** (SWB)_1.59.08.59 *** (SWB)_1.05.03.17 * _1 -.03.27 -.01 F 10.01 *** 14.21 *** R 2.27.35 Adj. R 2.25.32 R 2.03 *.00 1=, 2= dummy * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001. (ß=-.01, ns; R 2 =.00, ns).. 3. 1 1 2 (ß=.16, p<.08; R 2 =.02, p<.08). 1., 1 1 2 (ß=.11, ns; R 2 =.01, ns).., 4. 1 1 2 (ß=.20, p<.05; R 2 =.04, p<.05).
LS_1 _2 _1 LS_2 2 2 B S.E. ß B S.E. ß.10.10.09.10.16.05 -.01.02 -.06 -.01.03 -.03 _1.66.12.47 *** (LS)_1.51.08.55 *** (LS)_1.08.05.16 # _1.19.14.11 F 9.72 *** 14.31 *** R 2.27.35 Adj. R 2.24.32 R 2.02 #.01 1=, 2= dummy # <.08, * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001. PA_1 _2 _1 PA_2 2 2 B S.E. ß B S.E. ß.11.10.09 -.07.12 -.05 -.01.02 -.05 -.04.03 -.14 _1.67.11 48 *** (PA)_1.52.09.50 *** (PA)_1.17.07.20 * _1 -.01.10 -.01 F 10.49 *** 8.88 *** R 2.28.25 Adj. R 2.26.22 R 2.04 *.00 1=, 2= dummy * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001.
. 1 1 (ß=-.01, ns; R 2 =.00, ns).,,. 5. 1 1 1 (ß=-.09, ns; R 2 =.00, ns). 1 2 (ß=-.14, ns; R 2 =.02, ns)..,,.,. NA_1 -> _2 _1 -> NA_2 2 2 B S.E. ß B S.E. ß.12.10.10.00.13 -.00 -.02.02 -.08.02.03 -.07 _1.67.02.16 * (NA)_1.52.08 -.52 *** (NA)_1 -.07.05 -.09 _1.18.11 -.14 F 8.69 *** 10.58 *** R 2.25.28 Adj. R 2.22.26 R 2.00.02 1=, 2= dummy * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001.
..,,.,.,,, 1. 1 1, 2. 1 1, 2. 2 2.. 21,. 1,... 1., 1,. 1,..,.,,, (, 2009; Fredrickson, 2001;; Lyubomirsky et al., 2005),..,?.. Wright Cropanzano (2004)
. (2011),,.. (Diener et al., 2010).,...,,. 1.. Watson (1988).,. Kahneman Deaton(2010),,.,.. Fredrickson(2001) (broaden and building theory). Fredrickson(2001).,..,...,
. (Fredrickson, Mancuso, Branigan, & Tugade, 2000) (undoing).,...,, (,, 2005; Trinidad, Unger, Chou, Azen, & Johnson, 2004)....,.., 2-4%.,,.,..,.,,,,..,. (2012), Oishi (2007).,
.. 1,,. (2009).. 165-179., (2012). 4. 35-50. (2009)..., (2007). :., 5-29., (2009). :,,., 399-429.,, (2002). IMF,,, :. 105-135.,, (2002). IMF :., 103-139.,, (2005).., 75-110.,, (2008).. 287-313., (2011)., -., 933-957. (2010). :., 275-295.,, (1994). 94, 551-561. (2012). 2012.,,,, (2009).., 47-65., (2005). :,. 37-58. Ashby, F. G., Isen, A. M., & Turken, A. U. (1999). A neuropsychological theory of positive affect and its influence on cognition. Psychological Review, 106, 529-550. Burger, J. M., & Caldwell, D. F. (2000).
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Happiness improves academic achievement Kyoungmi Kim Seungah Ryu Incheol Choi Tong Myong University KyungNam University Seoul National University Current study examine whether happiness (life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect) improves academic achievement (GPA) by longitudinal data. Two surveys were conducted with one year interval and total 112 respondents participated in both surveys. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to investigate that happiness in the first time have an effect on GPA in the second time after controlling for GPA in the first time as well as demographic variables. We found that life satisfaction and positive affect in the first survey improved GPA after the next semester. Interestingly, GPA did not bring happiness by this longitudinal data. The implication for study were discussed. Key words : Happiness, life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, GPA