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. 1 1. 1 2. 6. 9 1. 9 2. 11 1) 12 2) 13 3) 16 4) 17 3. 19 4. 22 1) 22 2) 24 3) 26 4) 27 5) : 30. 33 1. 33 1) 33 2) 36 3) : 39 2. 4 2 1) 4 3 2) 4 6 3) 50 - i -
. 53 1. 53 2. 53 1) 53 2) 57 3) 60 4) 62 5) 65 6) 67. 69 1. 69 2. 70 3. 73 1) 73 2) 76 3) 77 4) 8 0 5) 8 1 6) 8 2. : 8 7 9 1 - ii -
< - 1> 1 < - 1> 10 < - 2> 15 < - 3> 19 < - 4> 23 < - 5> 25 < - 6> 27 < - 1> 34 < - 2> 35 < - 3> 35 < - 4> 5 1 < - 1> 55 < - 2> 57 < - 3> 6 1 < - 4> (200 1 ) 66 < - 5> 68 < - 1> 69 < - 2> 7 1 < - 3> 72 < - 4> 74 < - 5> 75 < - 6> 8 1 < - 1> 8 7 < - 1> 4 < - 2> 6 - iii -
1. - 1992 1998. ( ) 10 ( ). - (regional). -. - (Open/Exchange). 2. o -.. - - v -
.. - 1990 TV,, 3 ( ) 8,000. - 6% 80% 2005 2, 2010 4 ( 15 30% ). o - TV 90% TV 1998 3 TV. -, TV. TV 25%, (18 22 ) 15%. o - 1980 100 1990 1997 100. 50%. - vi -
-. 1/3,. -. 10 12 40 50. o -,,. - PC 5.. o - (IFPI) 1999 7 7,800 (9,400 ) 7. -,,. - vii -
3. o : - ( ) ( ) ( ). ( ). -., ( ). ( ) ( ). o -..,. 4. o - 1996 (CCTV) MBC. 1997 16.6% TV 3. - viii -
- 3 2001 2 12 (, ) 1,150 2000 680 69.3%. 90%. < > ( : ) 1999 2000 2001 KBS MBC SBS 264,000 32,400 800,550 103,200 103,500,, 98,000 23,000 42,000 20,800 12,800 64,000 56,000 16,000 62,400 40,000 27,200 40,000 386,000 245,000 98,000 2,000 73,600 496,000 312,000 307,000 178,000 115,000 256,000 144,460 137,700 12,800 17,500 o -. 1999 1 TV 7. - ix -
< > ( :$) / / 5,000 5,000 5,000 2000-5,000 Star TV 5,000 1998 CATV right 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 1999 Han International 35,000 2000 - - 35,000 all rights :,, o < > Actoz Soft RPG Net Communication RPG, Saint Hremit Studio RPG Digital Bros Ncsoft RPG Gamania RPG SoftChina JC Entertainment RPG, Saint Hremit Studio, RPG, SoftChina, lclick Esftnet RPG, RPG Nexon, RPG Nexon, Nexon CCR SHT Gemania - x -
. 1. 1992 1998. ( ) 10 ( ).,. (IT), (BT), (ET), (NT) (CT),. 2005,,,,. 1) < - 1> ( :, %) 1999 2000 2003 ( ) 30,330 40,505 33.5% 87,820 3,040 3,295 8.3% 6,000 3,000 3,200 6.6% 4,050 3,634 3,202-11.8% 5,425 9,014 8,359-7.8% 13,000 3,800 4,104 8% 7,360 52,818 62,665 18.6% 123,655 :, 2001, 2001, p. 20 1) 2001 8 17 CT.. / 1
. 2000,,,,, 6 6 3,000 1999 5 3,000 19%. 2000 8.8% 19%., 400, 2,000.............,. WTO 2008, / 2
....,...,..,,,...... 2),. 2),,,, 1995, pp. 87 89. / 3
.. 3. (Open / Exchange). /. < - 1> : Paul du Gay, Doing Cultural Studies, Sage Publication, 1997.. < -1> (Production), (Consumption), (Regulation), (Identity)..,,, / 4
. (One-source Multi-use) (Snowball effect).. UNESCO.,..... (Effect)..,.....,,,. ( ). (Local), (Regional), (Global). (Regional). / 5
.. (Local) (Regional),,. < - 2> Global Culture Regional Culture ( ) (, ) National Culture ( ) (, ) Local Culture :,,, 1995 2., 1. 5.... / 6
....,,, ( )...... / 7
. 1. 1970 80% 1. 1978 23,.,, 2001 7.3% (GDP). 2001 GDP 1 1,600, 6. 2002 5.,, 13.. 1949 1978 (Self-reliance) 20.. 1990 30%( 70%).,,,,.. 2000 3 9 3 ( ),. 3). / 9
120 1,000,,.,. < - 1> (2000 ) ( ) GDP( ) ( ) 47 4,800 3,328 1,261 11,040 4,743 7 1,650 4,142 22 3,230 2,884 456 5,560 8,042 127 46,140 8,591 NAFTA( ) 406 122,440 28,200 EU( ) 376 77,370 41,590 < -1>.. 1990 TV,, 3 ( ). 8,000 6% 80%. 2005 2, 2010 4. 15 30% 3), ( ). ( ). / 10
-,.,,. o - 1998 50, HOT NRG 20.. -. 1997 5 Media Plus 1. o : -..,. -.. 5. o -,. 1978 - x i -
. -,. - :..,. -. 1970, 1980, 1997.. -,,. o -.. -. - x ii -
.. o - < > 2001 9 1 8,000 8.9% 10 (55.6%) (30.9%). 6. o -,. < > - -,. -. - -,.. - 13 -.. - 3., - x iii -
.. WTO. o -.. -.,,. 7. -,. < > - - (, ) - - - - - - - x iv -
-. 1. < > Risk Full Responsibility Brand Power Brand Value User Risk Sharing Risk Partial Responsibility Risk Hedging. - (Co-Production),,,. 8. o -.. - - xv -
. < > - ( ) (CT) -,,,. o -.. - x vi -
< > ( ) -, - - (Doha Development Agenda), - - + 3 - NAFTA - -. o -..,. -. o :,. : - xvii -
,,. : IT.. < > :, < >. :,. :,,,. o :. 30% 40%. : - x viii -
,,,.. o :. 1,.. :,,,,,,. - ( ) :.,,. o :.,. 6. :, - xix -
. ( ) : 2002,,,,,. - x x -
. 4)......, 20 4 7. 6% 2 8,000. 2. 5)...,,. 4) < > 2001 12 20 5) (2001), (2000).. / 11
.,,. 1) (1) TV 90% TV 1998 3. TV. TV 1 9,900. CATV 7,000. TV. 1998 TV 76% ( ). (25%), (23%), (19%).,.. TV TV. 1998 8 1,637 1998 16,572. 1997 2.7% TV 1998 8 1,057. 1998 66,960 1997 11.8%.,,. (2). / 12
, TV,, TV,., TV., TV. TV 25%, (18 22 ) 15%. 2) (1) 1992 170. 1980 100 1990 1997 100. 1998 82 1999 50 60. 6) 15. 50%. 300 ( 36 ).. 1998 31 16. 6) S outh Chin a M orn in g P ost 1999 8 4.. / 13
. 2000 7 ( ) 14,.,. Studio City( ), Golden Harvest( ), Smile( ), Yuntong( ),,, ( ). (2).. 10 12 40 50,, 2 3., 1,000, 100, 100 50, 50 10. ( ),,,,.,. / 14
< - 2> o,. ( 2 ) o. ( 30 ) o ( ),.,. ( 3, 4 ) o ( ). ( 6 ). 1/3,. ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ). 2000 7 14.,.,.,,,, 50%. 50% 50%., (Post-Production).. / 15
3),,.. PC. 2000 6. PC 5.. 7) PC,,... 1999 4 4 2005 1 5,000 2 5,000. 2003 4,000 5,000 40...,.. 37%. 7) < >, 2002 1 3 / 16
.,.,., 1998 301 2000 6 557 IP.., 3 4. 4) (1) (IFPI) 1999 7 7,800 (9,400 ) 7. IFPI 1992 21 6,000 (3 8,900 ). IFPI 1999 6 (MC) 66% CD 33%. 1999 45% 55%. 50%., 70% 15%, 10%, 5%.. RMB 200,. / 17
RMB 8 4%. 1998 50% 30%..., 1/20. CD 1 2 10, TV MTV CD 5 20.. (2),.,,.,, 1. 1 RMB 100., (, ),,,. / 18
< - 3> o,,. o,,,,. o. o,,. o,,. o 2 1., ( ). 22 (6 ),,,,,,,,,,,, 3. 3.... / 19
( ) ( ) ( ). ( ). ( ).., ( ). ( ) ( ).. 16 (World-System). 8).....,.. 8) Immanuel Wallerstein, Geopolitics and Geoculture: Essays on the Changing World- System, Cambridg e Univ. Pres s, 1992. / 2 0
10 ( ) ( )....... (, flying geese model) 9)., 10),,..., 2002, 2008. 9),,.. 10) 2000, 114, 247, 119.. (, 2001).. / 2 1
4. 1999,... 1) TV,, 3.. 3 2001 2 12 (, ) 1,150 2000 680 69.3%.. 90%. 1996 (CCTV) MBC. 1997 16.6% TV 3.. 1999. TV, TV, TV,. 2000 TV, TV,,, 21. / 2 2
< - 4> ( : ) 1999 2000 2001 264,000, 98,000 386,000 32,400 23,000 245,000 KBS, 42,000 98,000 2,000 73,600 800,550 20,800 496,000 12,800 312,000 MBC 64,000 307,000 56,000 178,000 16,000 115,000 103,200 62,400 256,000 103,500 40,000 144,460 SBS 27,200 137,700 40,000 12,800 17,500. 1990,,, 7. 2000 3 TV, 2000 8, 2001 1 1.. TV TV 7, TV 3 1999 10 35. 1 2, 5. 1998,,,. / 23
TV. 1999 TV, 2001 TV 9,.,,,,.. 2001 5 TV U,,, Q'. TV.,. 1997 TV Phoenix TV. ATV 1996 8 1997 1, 1997 1 1998 6, 1998 6 1999 8 1999 8 2001 8 1. 2).,. 1999 1. TV 7. / 2 4
2000 3 5,000. < - 5> / / 2000-1998 ( : $) 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 Star TV CATV right 1999 Han International 35,000 2000 - - 35,000 all rights :,,, 2001.... 2000 1 23 ( ), 3 7.. 2001 3,,, 1998 10.. / 25
7.,,. 15 7 16. 1999 8 8, 2000.. 2001,, 7. 3),...,. 2000 4 2.,. 2 10. 11) 10 2 2 2001 11 28, 7.,,,. 11) < >, 2002 1 12 / 2 6
< - 6> Actoz RPG Net Communication RPG, Saint Hermit Studio RPG Digital Bros Ncsoft RPG Gamania RPG SoftChina JC Entertainment RPG, Saint Hermit Studio, RPG, SoftChina, Iclick Esoftnet RPG, RPG Nexon, RPG Nexon, Nexon CCR SHT Gamania 4). HOT,,,, NRG. 1998 HOT,,, NRG. 1998 50, HOT NRG 20. CD 6. 1999 SES,., HOT.. 1998 NRG,,,,. / 2 7
KBS. 1999 11, CCTV. 1999,, NRG,, 3. NRG CF. HOT 2000 2 1. HOT 100 < > 5 1. 2000 8,, 9 2. 2001 7 7, NRG,, TTMA 7 8 3. 2000 10.. 2001 CIJ. 5,000,,,, CCTV... TV. 1997 5 Media Plus,,,,,, / 2 8
7 19.,,,,, 3 7. (CRN)... 1998 5 101, HOT, SES,, 1999 7 Rick Record,,,,, 2001 7 14 INSREA,,. MTV FM 5 6. Play FUN,, GNB, SOK,.,. 90%,. 70%. HMV. ATV POPS in Seoul' 6 1, V MTV.,.. / 29
. 1. 1. 98 2000, 1.. < > 1.,. 2001 10,,. 1, -. 5) :..,,,,., TV,. TV, CCTV, TVBS,, 3. 10.,., / 3 0
....., 3,000 1,000. 80... LG,,, 1. CD.. 6,500 100.., 2000 PC NEC 1. 2001 90, 124 60% 200. MP3 2000 18 8, 1, 2001 8 20. LG. / 3 1
2000 650 CD 150 1 2...,..,,,... / 3 2
. 1. 1)..... < > 2001 9 1 8,000 8.9%. 10 (55.6%) (30.9%). 12).... 12) < >, 2001 9 5. / 33
. 13) 92%. 37%, 55%.. < - 1> 1 (68) 6 (21) 2 HOT (65) 7 (15) 3 (27) 8 TV (14) 4 (24) 9 (13) 5 (22) 10 (47) 68 HOT(65 ), (27 ), (22 ), TV (14 ), (13 ). 71%,,. TV,,,, TV 13) 2001 10 19 10 25 (7 ),,,. 500. / 3 4
. ( ), (210 ), (201 ) HOT(51), (19), (16). < - 2> TV / ( ) 119 (22%) 185 (34%) 57 (11%) 147 (27%) 34 (6%), 58%. < - 3> ( ) 133 (26%) 296 (58%) 34 (7%) 49 (10%),, 55%. 56%, 14%, 12%.,.,. / 35
., 2).,,,.,,,..,,,,. ( ),..,,,, 10,,,..,.,,.,,.., / 3 6
. (< >, :,,, 2001. 6. 18).,,........,,,,,,.,,.,..,,. (< >, ) / 3 7
.,,,.,..,...,,,,...,,.. (< >, ( ), 2001. 11. 4).,.,.,.,,,,,,. / 3 8
,,.. 1....,..,,...,....,. made in china. 3) :,. 1978.,. / 39
,.,.. 10 1970 1 1..,.,.....,.., JSA' '... 2001 8 3 / 4 0
,.. TV..,.....,..... 1970, 1980, 1997. / 4 1
.,.,. 2. 14) 2001 9 5 9 57 (20 ).., 53%, (42%).,,. (30%), (65%). 77% 2 3 33% 1 2.,,. 81%,, 14) 2001 9 5 9 57 (20 ). (KIE P, 2001). / 4 2
. 26%, 35%,, 39%., 16%.,. 3.,,.,.., WTO. (33%) (67%).,. 1) /. / 43
..,,,., TV,,... ( ).. 13...,.,,. ' ' / 4 4
. (< >,, 2001. 8. 24),.. (< >,, 2001. 8. 29)...,.,..... (< >,,, 2001. 8. 22) / 45
...... (< >,, 2001. 8. 10) 13.,.,,. PD " " " ". (< >,, 2001. 8. 31) 2). / 4 6
.,.,.,...,. 1980... 6.. 1970 80,, ( ) ( ). (< >,, 2001. 8. 31) 1980.. 10., / 4 7
,....,. (< >, 2001. 9. 5).,,,..,......,,. / 4 8
,... ( < >,,? ( ), 2001. 8. 30)..,,. (< >,, 2001. 8. 31).,.,..,. 1.. (< >,, 2001. 12. 26) / 49
3),...,.,,.,.,.,.. < -4>.,.,.,.,,.. (, ),.,. / 5 0
< - 4> -. - -. - 13. -,. -,. -. / 5 1
. 1...,,,.. (( )2gether4ever ), (SM ), (MBC ), (( ) ), ( ), ( ), (( ) ), (( ) ), (LG ). 2. 1) (1) TV 1990 KBS ( KBS ), MBC, SBS TV.. 1999 1. / 53
, 1,000 M&E, MIP-TV, MIP-COM., 2001 30. 1999 8 2000 9 TV. 20%. (2) TV. (M&E, Music & Effect Track), ( (Clean Video) ). 15) TV. 90% ME.... 15),. / 5 4
... < - 1> TV 2 KBS 5 MBC 2 5 SBS 4 TV 6 5, & 4 30 :, 200 1. 50 TV., 5 16, 5 10 9, 10 5.,. 3. 16) 16) M B C, M B C M B C M BC ( ), M BC ( ), M B C (DV D,,, ), M BC ( ), im BC (, DOD ) 6 7.. / 55
(3) (Co-Production).. SBS ( ) 100. 15 ( 20 ) 2002 10 SHE 2002 SBS,. TV ( ) 20. ( ) TV. 60%. 20. 64 3 5 10%. TV 20, 60 40 16 50.,.. / 5 6
< - 2> ABC ABC INTERNATIONAL NBC NBC ENTERPRISE CBS CBS BROADCAST INTERNATIONAL BBC BBC WORLDWIDE ZDF ZDF ENTERPRISE TFI TFI INTERNATIONAL RAI RAI TRADE NHK MICO CCTV CCTV INTERNATIONAL TVB TVBI KBS KBS SBS SBS 2) (1),.,,.,. 42 (5 ) (pre-sales), 30 42. 40 5., 100%,. / 5 7
,,., 50 100%.,,,,.. 130, 150.,..,.. 30 50.., (Risk)..,. 1900, / 5 8
..,,.... (2).. 3, 9.. 3.,... 6.. 5....,... / 59
,. 3) (1). TOP 10 4 5.... ( ),.., 20 30 20 30%., (4 5 ),. Publisher( ),.. / 6 0
< - 3> Brand Power Risk Full Responsibility Brand Value User Risk Sharing Risk Heading Risk Partial Responsibility (2) : (Version-Up).. (Version-Up) (Gamer).. 4 5. 20 30.,... / 6 1
.... 30%......,,,,. 4) (1). MP3. / 6 2
. 1 3 5.,..,. 98% 2%. ( 4,000, NRG 7,000, 1 ). 2000 10.....?,..... / 63
(2) :..,,,....,..,. GLOBAL STANDARD : ( ).. Pre-production, production, post-production.. / 6 4
.. 5) (1) 3.. 12 36 13 15 3. 1 IMM 130 40. 2 e-book 100 30. 3 100 30.., 1 50%. 4 2.. / 65
< - 4> (2001 ) ( ) 1 130(40),,, IMM 2001. 11. ( ) 2 108(30) E-Book, 2001. 11. 7. 3 100(30), 2001. 11. 9. 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 8~9 200(50) 2001. 12. ( ) 100(25) 100(25) 200(40) KTB, 300(60) 2001. 9. 2001. 12. ( ) 1,238(300) : www.mct.go.kr,... (, ),. 1998 13.4% 13% 15%. / 6 6
5:5. 4 5%. (2) %.... 6),.. 1... 5.. / 6 7
.. < - 5> - - - - (, - ) - - - / 6 8
. 1. < - 1> -,, -,, -, ( ) - - - - ( ) - -, - :, www.mct.go.kr < 21>(2001. 6),,,. / 6 9
. < >. < -1>.,. ( ). 2000 10.,. (needs).. 2. 5T 17)....,,,,.. 17) IT ( ), BT ( ), NT ( ), ET ( ), CT ( ). / 7 0
.. < - 2> (Market) (Capital) (Man power)....... High Risk, High Return (Technology). CT (Environment).. Global Standard Local Standard..,,.. < -3>,,,.. / 7 1
,...,,.. 30 50,. < - 3> ( ) ( ) (leapfrogging). / 7 2
(Transnality) (Nationality).. Digital Opportunity.. (Catching-up) (Leapfrogging). 3. 1),.... ( ),,,,.,.,,.. / 73
< - 4> 1998 1999 2000 ($) ($) ($) 16 159,624 14 2,844,586 15 5,529,395 ( ) 1 18,000 16 622,500 12 278,000 3 28,450 9 85,744 8 64,000 3 26,500 6 215,100 1 13,000 - - 5 136,000 6 610,000 - - 2 320,914 3 255,000 8 3,146,800 28 1,645,398 13 607,810-3,379,374-5,734,242-7,357,205 :, 2001, 2001. 1999, 2000.., 19. < -5>, ( ),,,.... / 7 4
12.5%. 18),,. < - 5> ( ) -, - - (Doha Development Agenda), - - + 3 - NAFTA - -.... (Doha Development Agenda) 18). 12.5%.,, (, 2001(10 )).. / 75
. NAFTA. (FTA).. (Global Standard) (Local Standard). 13.. 2)..,. (Perez)) (Catching-up Strategy)..... / 7 6
..,.,,,,,.,,..,.,,,,,.,..,.,,, R&D. 3) (1)...,. / 7 7
..,, 1.. (2),,. (3). IT.. 19) PC 1, LG 1. 2008..,,, 19).,. / 7 8
. (4) < >, < >.. M&E (, ) (Clean Video).. (5), LA, 4..,. (6).,,,... / 79
4) (1),,. TV..,,,., (Risk).. 3 0% 40%.. (2).,,,.. (3). / 8 0
< - 6> - (30%), (15%) (1999. 12) - (1999. 5) - (1999. 7) - ( 2001-7, 2001. 5. 4) 300% 100% 5) (1) - 1,..,,,. 1995 1997.. (2) 2002 2004,,,.,,. / 8 1
,,,,.,,.,,,. (3) - ( ).......,,. 6) (1). 3 / 8 2
... 6,..,. (2),....,...,,,..,,,. / 8 3
, ( ),,,..,,. 6, 205.,,.,,.. (3) ( ),.. 2002 20),,,,,..,,, 20) 2002.,,,,,. / 8 4
.. / 8 5
. :...,... < - 1> - ( ) (CT). : / 8 7
1992 5.,,...,. ( ) 2002' 2002.... V-, OAV(Original Animation Video)., VHS DVD..,..,, / 8 8
.. : / 8 9
,, 1997.,, 2001.,, 2001.,,, 2001,,, 44-3, 2000.,, KIEP 01-38, 2001., 21, 2001.,, 2001.,, 2001., 2001,, 2001., TV,, 2001.,,,, 1995..,,, 2001.,, 2000-3, 2000. ( ),, 01-03, 2001. ( ),, 2001.,,, 43-3, 1999., TV, 2001.,, 12,, 2001. / 9 1
,, 2001.,, 2001. Paul du Gay, Doing Cultural Studies, Sage Publication, 1997. Leo Ching, <Globalizing the Regional, Regionalizing the Global: Mass Culture and Asianism in the Age of Late Capital>, Public Culture 12, 2000. Immanuel Wallerstein, Geopolitics and Geoculture: Essays on the Changing World-System, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992. Beverley Hooper, 'Globalization and Resistance in Post-Mao China: the Case of Foreign Consumer Products', Asian Studies Review Vol 24, 2000. / 9 2
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