AIAA hwp

Similar documents
AIAA (I).hwp

歯4차학술대회원고(장지연).PDF

15_3oracle

(3) () () LOSS LOSS LOSS LOSS (4) = 100 = 100 = 100 = 100 = 100 = 100 = 100 = 100 = 100 = 100 = 100 = 100

歯안주엽홍서연원고.PDF

BSC Discussion 1

歯4차학술대회원고(황수경이상호).PDF

2015학년도 고려대학교 수시모집 일반전형 논술고사

105È£4fš

특건확대공청회자료[1].PDF

歯Product1.PDF

정부의 인적자원개발(HRD) 지원여부가 조직성과에 미치는 영향(최윤정).hwp

노동경제논집 38권 4호 (전체).hwp

<BAA3C6AEB3B2C1F6BFF8BBE7BEF72DB1E8B3ADBFB52DC1FD2E687770>

기타자료.PDF

첨 부 1. 설문분석 결과 2. 교육과정 프로파일 169

hwp

, ( ) 1) *.. I. (batch). (production planning). (downstream stage) (stockout).... (endangered). (utilization). *

......(N)

Çмú´ëȸ¿Ï¼º

2012³â8¿ùÈ£˙ȸš

歯김미성원고.PDF

Interstage

untitled

歯경영혁신 단계별 프로그램 사례.ppt

<3036C0CCBCB1BFEC2E687770>

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: A study on Characte

Agenda I. What is SRM? II. Why SRM? Trend, III. Function / To-be - IV. V. Critical Success Factor 2

歯VPR200407_011.PDF

<BFACC3D15F F31375FB5B5B7CEBBE7BEF7C0C7B1B3C5EBBCF6BFE4C3DFC1A4BFC0C2F7B9DFBBFDBFF8C0CEB9D7BFB5C7E2BAD0BCAE5FC1A4BCBABAC0C0E5BCF6C0BA2E687770>

- 2 -

SW¹é¼Ł-³¯°³Æ÷ÇÔÇ¥Áö2013


Á¶´öÈñ_0304_final.hwp

2016_Company Brief

석 사 학 위 논 문 고등학교 인권 교육에 관한 연구 - 법과 사회 수업을 위한 사례 개발을 중심으로 - 숙명여자대학교 교육대학원 일반사회교육전공 오 승 윤

<5BB1E2BABB5D5FB0F8B0F8BACEB9AE5FBDC3B0A3C1A6B1D9B9ABBFCD5FC0B0BEC6C8DEC1F7BFA15FB5FBB8A55FB4EBC3BCC0CEB7C25FC8B0BFEBB0FAC0C75FBFACB0E8B9E6BEC85F2D5FB9AEB9CCB0E62E687770>

LG Business Insight 1241

3Àӱݿ¬±¸º½-ÁÖÁ¦¹ßÇ¥ÃÖÁ¾

hwp

歯RCM

Buy one get one with discount promotional strategy

untitled

<BACFC7D1B3F3BEF7B5BFC7E22D3133B1C733C8A BFEB2E687770>


PowerPoint 프레젠테이션

PBR PDF

ASETAOOOCRKG.hwp

레이아웃 1

Microsoft Word 전망_보험Full_합본.doc

AIBB HWP

경제이야기내지_최종수정


WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성 ( 황수경 ) ꌙ 127 노동정책연구 제 4 권제 2 호 pp.127~148 c 한국노동연구원 WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성황수경 *, (disabi


One Stop Service,

04-다시_고속철도61~80p

06_À̼º»ó_0929

특집....,.,., (good jobs) (rent-sharing) (fairness)..... Ⅱ. 임금과생산성구조의분석모형 ) 1),,,, 2_ 노동리뷰

0212-책표지-앞.ps, page Preflight ( 책표지-앞 )

(, sta*s*cal disclosure control) - (Risk) and (U*lity) (Synthe*c Data) 4. 5.

[자료집]노사정위_토론회_ hwp

<B0ADB9AE5F33B1C75F30315FC0CEBCE232C2F728B9DAC1D6BEF0295F FB3AAB4AEC5EBB0E85FB0B3BCB1B9E6BEC85FC3D6C1BEBAB8B0EDBCAD28C3D6C1BE295FC3D6C1BE E687770>

<3136C1FD31C8A35FC3D6BCBAC8A3BFDC5F706466BAAFC8AFBFE4C3BB2E687770>

<C1B6BBE7BFACB1B D303428B1E8BEF0BEC B8F1C2F7292E687770>

(2) : :, α. α (3)., (3). α α (4) (4). (3). (1) (2) Antoine. (5) (6) 80, α =181.08kPa, =47.38kPa.. Figure 1.

에너지경제연구 제13권 제1호

±³º¸¸®¾óÄÚ

PowerPoint 프레젠테이션


에너지경제연구 Korean Energy Economic Review Volume 18, Number 1, March 2019 : pp 에너지전환정책및고령화가국민경제에미치는영향 : 확률적중첩세대일반균형모형 (Stochastic Overlapping Genera

2

ePapyrus PDF Document

선진 23개국 벤치마킹 2만불 달성 선진국의 경험과 시사점 -목 차- Ⅰ. 2만불 달성 선진국의 현황 Ⅱ. 魔 의 1만불 과 국민소득 倍 增 과정 Ⅲ. 2만불 달성의 비결

<C7A5C1F620BEE7BDC4>

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con


歯발표문.PDF

Ch1_Solow Growth.hwp

歯P02-18앞.PDF


수탁연구01-09(수요자 중심1).hwp

Manufacturing6


<3131BFF92D3828C6D0B3CEBFACB1B82DC0CCBBF3C8A D38302E687770>

< BB0E6C1A65DB0F8B0B32DC1F6BDC4C0E7BBEAC0CEB7C220BCF6B1DEC0FCB8C120BFACB1B85FC0CCC1D6BFAC28C3D6C1BE292E687770>

제 출 문 문화체육관광부장관 귀하 본 보고서를 문화예술분야 통계 생산 및 관리 방안 연구결과 최종 보고서로 제출합니다. 2010년 10월 숙명여자대학교 산학협력단 본 보고서는 문화체육관광부의 공식적인 견해와 다를 수 있습니다


歯표지_최종H_.PDF

<28BCF6BDC D B0E6B1E2B5B520C1F6BFAABAB020BFA9BCBAC0CFC0DAB8AE20C1A4C3A520C3DFC1F8C0FCB7AB5FC3D6C1BE E E687770>

차 례... 박영목 **.,... * **.,., ,,,.,,

안전-09재출력


Microsoft Word _5002_14524.doc

Microsoft PowerPoint - 3.공영DBM_최동욱_본부장-중소기업의_실용주의_CRM

<5BB9E8C0E7B4EBC7D0B1B35DBFACB1B8BAB8B0EDBCAD2DC3D6C1BEC3E2B7C22E687770>

232 도시행정학보 제25집 제4호 I. 서 론 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 사회가 다원화될수록 다양성과 복합성의 요소는 증가하게 된다. 도시의 발달은 사회의 다원 화와 밀접하게 관련되어 있기 때문에 현대화된 도시는 경제, 사회, 정치 등이 복합적으로 연 계되어 있어 특

시안

#KM-235(110222)

Microsoft PowerPoint - Freebairn, John_ppt

Transcription:

한국의 숙련형성 한국노동연구원

4. 5. 7 B 1 2 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8 C

< 3-1> ( :, 1989) < 3-2> < 3-3> ( :, 1989) < 3-4> ( :, 1989) < 3-5> ( : 1984) < 3-6> ( :, 1989) < 3-7> ( :, 1984) < 3-8> (, ) < 3-9> (, ) < 4-1>1989 ( : ) < 4-2>1990 ( : ) < 5-1> < 5-2> < 5-3> < 5-4> (1989) < 5-5> (1989) < 5-6> ( : 1989) < 5-7> < 5-8> < 5-9> < 5-10> 10 ( ) < 5-11>1 < 5-12> ( : 1989) < 5-13> ( : 1989) < 5-14> ( : 1989) < 5-15> ( : 1989) < 5-16> ( : 1989) < 5-17> ( : 1989) < 5-18> ( ) < 5-19> 1 ( ) < 5-20> ( : 1990) < 5-21> < 6-1> < 6-2> < 6-3> < 6-4> < 6-5> ( ) < 6-6> ( ) < 7-1> < 7-2> < 7-3> < 7-4> ( )

< 7-5> ( ) < 7-6> < 8-1>C < 8-2> < 8-3> ( ) < 8-4> ( ) < 9-1> < 9-2> < 9-3> < 9-4> 3 < 9-5> 3 < 9-6> < 9-7> < 9-8> < 9-9> < 9-10> < 9-11> < 9-12> < 9-13> < 9-14> < 9-15> < 9-16> < 9-17> < 9-18> < 9-19> < 9-20> < 9-21> < 9-22> < 9-23> - < 9-24> < 9-25> < 9-26> - < 9-27> < 9-28> < 9-29> < 9-30> < 9-31> < 9-32> < 9-33> < 9-34> < 9-35> < 9-36> < 9-37> < 9-38> < 9-38> < 9-40> < 9-41> ( ) < 9-42> ( )

< 9-43> < 9-44> < 9-45> < 9-46> < 9-47> < 9-48> < 9-49> < 10-1> < 10-2> 2-1 2-2 - - 3-1 ( :, 1989 ) 3-2 5-1 ( ) 5-2 ( ) 5-3 ( ) 5-4 5-5 (1989 ) 5-6 ( : 1989 ) 6-1 6-2 ( ) 6-3 ( ) 7-1 - ( : ) 7-2 7-3 ( ) 7-4 ( ) 8-1 ( ).

,.,,..,.,,,,.,...,,,,.. 2. 3, 4, 5,,. 6, 7, 8,,. 9..,,.. 180 1,300...,.. 1992 10 1

1..,.. (variety) (volatility)...,,..,.,. 1980 1987 6 29......,,.., 1980 Solow (endogenous economic growth models). Lucas(1988), Romer(1986).. 2. 2,,.. 3 4. 5. 6, 7, 8,,. 9. 10,,,,. 2

( ) 1 1... (manhours) (effective labor units).,. Becker(1962) Schultz(1961) (human capital)., (taste),,. 1), (skill). 2-1 ( 2-1 ).,... 2) 2.. (variety) (volatility)

,. JIT(just in time) 3) Lean. 4) (unit production).....,,..,. 5),,,,. 6). (non-convexities)... (1992).. 1.,....,.. (rotation)..,.,.

1),,. 2) Koike(1988) white-collarization of blue-collar workers. 3) (1987) 4) Womack, Jones, and Roos(1990) 5) Milgrom and Roberts(1990). (complementarities) 6) (1992) 2 1..,,....,.. 1). 2)...,. 3)...

,.., (adjustment) (technician). Koike(1988, 160 ) (unusual operations).. 4) Koike (integrated system) (separated system).....,,. 2.,....,. 5),,..... 3....,,,,,,..

.... 4.. (institutional training)..... 5. Koike(1988).....,,. 1950.. 5... 5... 6. Lucas(1988) (a social activity, involving groups of people). 6). Jacobs(1984)..,.

...,. (1987).. (manual)....,.. 7).. 8) Park(1987), ( ) (tuition) (teaching reward).,., - (experience-wage profile) - (experience-human capital profile).. 9).,,.. (incentive mechanism)....,... 7... -. 10)

. 8........ (shirking). (monitoring)... 1987 6 29.,. (leadership).. Becker(1981). 11), (altruistic head). Becker Rotten Kid Theorem 12)...,. 13) 9... Koike(1988, p.156) (discretionary rights). Koike(1988, pp.143 146) (semi-autonomous work groups)..,,.

10.... (attitude).. 14),,.,,. 3,,. 1) 3 1. 2). 3). 4) 1992 setup man, operator, maintenance man. setup man maintenance man operator.. 5) Willis(1986), 596. 6) Marsick and Watkins(1990. 9. 4). 7) (endogenous economic growth). 8) (1978), 343. 9) (1978),409. 10) mantoring. Kram(1983), Kram(1985), Noe(1998) 11) U = U(Z, U 1,(Z 1), U 2(Z 2), ) 12) Becker (1981), 183. 13) 10 14) Klíke(1998), 201

3 1.... 30 40.. (physical capital). (foreign debt) (embodied). (human capital accumulation). (interaction). (asocial activity). 1),.. Park(1987). Park. (accommodate). 2. (an overlapping generations). : y t t, h t t, n t t 0 1. 1... a 0 1. (general). t+1 t

t. t t,,..., - ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ).. t. ( ) - ( - ) (t+1 ) t. (h t+1 ) w t, h t+1 : q t t+1 1 t 1 (numeraire). h t t (n t) (h t+1) (1) : (Lagrangian) : t (1) (Lagrangian multiplier). 1 : (Envelope Theorem) :

(discount factor). (unstorable). t :. t (6). 1 : (9) (5)., (h 0 ). ( ) n. (1)-(11). 3. (2)-(4) (9) :

(12) (tuition). (13) (teaching reward). - - 2) ( 2-2 ). 4. (constant) (steady-state) (1)-(11) :. 3),,, a.. 2-2 - - 5.... h t = h 0, t = 1, 2, 3

. 4)............... 5) 1)Lucas(1988). 2)Lazear(1981) (agency problem) - -. Lazear 4 1. Frank(1984) - -..,.. 3) Becker-Barro(1985) Tamura(1991).. 4) (seniority rule).. 5) 10.

3 1... Becker(1962) (human capital accumulation). Lazear(1981) (incentive compatible contract) (shirking). Park(1987), (on-the-job-learning) (tuition) (teaching reward). 3-1 ( :, 1989),. 3-1. 1989 (life cycle).,

40 44 20 24 2 45 60. 3-2. 3-1. 30. 1) 3-2. 1) 1,700,479 30 433. 2 < 3-1>.

w, T, E, 1) X -E -6, U 1, 0, S 1, 0. u.,,. 12 16, < 3-2>. 2).... 3).. 12 16... < 3-1> ( :, 1989)

30 31.. < 3-2>

< 3-3>. ( ). 4) < 3-4>... 5). 6)

Hashimoto(1981) (transaction costs) -.. 7) -.. 1989 1984.( 3-5 ) < 3-6> < 3-7>. 1984 10 99. 500 500 < 3-3> ( :, 1989). 8), < 3-4> ( :, 1989)

< 3-5> ( : 1984) < 3-6> ( :, 1989)

< 3-7> ( :, 1984). 9)., ( ),., 0, 0 ( 15 ),, ( ), < 3-8> < 3-9>. 1989 44.5%, 18.6% 63.1%. 67.4%. 10 2. 80. 10 < 3-8> (, )

< 3-9> (, ). 1980. 1979 48.8% 1984 60.0%, 1989 63.1% 1979 55.5% 1984 67.8%, 1989 67.4%. 1) 6, 9, 12, 14, 16. 2) < 3-1>. 3) 9 < 9-38> Willis(1986), 596. 4) T, T 2, X, X 2 F 29.702 1%. X, X 2 F 47.356 1%. T, T 2 F 4.535 5%. 5) 6. 6) Willis(1986), 596. 7).. 8) 9

. 9. 9).( 6,7,8 ) 4 1 (time-allocation model) 1) (learning-by-doing) 2)..., (institutional training). (experience model),.. (on-the-job-train-ing).....,. (on-the-job-learning).. Lucas(1988) (social activity) (physical capital accumulation). (1987).,. (manual)

........ (learning opportunity) (career development).,.,. 3). Q(t) t. A(1,t) A(0,t) t n(1,t) n(0,t) t. c 0 1. 4)., (effective number ration). (effective tercher-student ration) (strictly increasing and concave function).., 1.,..., 5).,.,..., - (experience-wage profile). 6) -.. 7)

-. 2 3 - -. Lazear(1981) (agency problem) - -. Lazear. Lazear. 1)Ben-Porath(1967) Heckman(1976). 2)Arrow(1962), Eckaus(1963), 3Rapping(1965), Rosen(1972). Killingsworth(1982). 3). 4). Park(1987). 5) (1991). 6),. 7) Park(1987). 2 1989 1990. 1989 1990.. 30 29 (AR29) 35 34 (AR34). 4 3 (TR3), 5 4 (TR4), 10 9 (TR9). 1989 32.9 4.2. 1989 10%, 1990 15% 1) : In w = 0 + 1 AGE + 2 AGE + 3 AR34 + 4 AGE AR34 + 5 VAGR + 6 AGE + VAGR +

7TEN + 8TEN + 9TR4 + 10TEN TR4 + 11TEN VAGR + X +u, W, AGE, TEN, VAGR 1983 1989, 2) X, u. 3, 4. 3 4 9 10. (transaction costs) - 3) 9 10.. VAGR, AGE VAGR, TEN VAGR. < 4-1> 1989 AR34 TR4. 4) (1) - (2) (3) (4). 1 :. 0.00225., -. 0.03527. 6 - (steeper)..,.. 1 + 2 2AGE, 4AR34, < 4-1>1989 ( : )

6 VAGR. (4) 30 0.344% AR34 (0.71475) 0.161% VAGR (0.19664) 0.694% 1.199%. 5) 33.0 0. - 38.9 40.3. (1) 30 0.928% 0.432% 1.360%.. (1) 40.8 -.. 1 ;. -0.001.,. -0.0272. 6 - (less steep)..,.. 7 + 2 8TEN, 10TR4, 11VAGR,. (4) 4 2.54% TR4 (1.14109) -0.114% -0.535% 1.891%. 6) 23.8. - 19.7 18.8. (1) 4 1.679%. 7)

. (1) 17.3 -. 8) < 4-2> 1990. 9) (4) 0.00054. 0.02206. 30 0.648% AR34 (0.92186) 0.050% VAGR (0.19328) 0.426% 1.124%. 10) < 4-2>1990 ( : )

35.9 0. - 39.8 40.2. (1) 30 0.581% VAGR (0.19328) 0.557% 1.138%.. (1) 40.2 -. (4) -0.00029.. 4 3.193% TR4 (1.36267) -0.040% 3.153%. 11) 28.6. - 28.3. (1) 4 2.774%. 12) 25.7 -. 13)?, (perfect substitution factors). 14) -.., Lazear(1981) (extention). ( (t) = 0). (t) = B 0(t) n(0,t) - B 1(t) n(1,t), (t) t, B 0 (t) t, B 1 (t) t, n(0,t) n(1,t) t.

-.,,. 15). < 4-6> < 4-7>. - (match). 16) ( 4 =0) ( 4). -. < 4-1> < 4-2> (4) - 10 29 30 499 500. Lazear (shirking)..,,. - -. < 4-1>. 3 2. < 3-1> 6%.. < 3-2> 1.28%. 1990. 17). (along the labor demand curve). 18),. < 4-1> < 4-2> 1990. < 4-1>1989

< 4-2>1989 ( : )

< 4-3>1990

< 4-4>1990 ( : )

< 4-5> (1983 89)

< 4-6> (1989)

< 4-7> (1990)

1) 1989 1,700, 1990 1,400. 2)< 4-5>. 3)Hashimoto(1981). Hashimoto(1981) - (Willis, 1986, p.594 3 1 ). 4)AR29 TR3 TR9 < 4-2>, < 4-1>. 5). 6). 7)0.058%. 8). 9)AR29 TR3 TR 9 < 4-4>, < 4-3>. 10). 11). 12)-2.146%. 13).

14). 15)unobserved heterogeneity. 16)unobserved heterogeneity. 17),. 18) (1991) 2. 5 1. p.. 5-1 10 29 3.39% 3.8 500 1.59% 6.0.,. (on-the-jov search). (reservtion wage) 1).,.. (mean square error). 2),

.. 3) 4). 5-2. 3.37%, 4.2 1.05% 6.7. 5-3 27. -0.742. 5) < 5-1>. 2.01% 4.66% 5.1 2.2.. 5-1 ( ) 5-2 ( )

5-3 ( ) < 5-1> 1) Mortensen(1986), p864 2) Hashimoto-Raisian(1985) 1989 10~99 2.81576, 100~499 0.69207, 500 0.33428. 3). 4) (1978), 384. 5) 0.0001.

2 1989 4.0 < 5-2>. 4.7, 2.6.. 1989 34.4 39.3 4.9 12.4 4.7. 1). 1970 34.5 8.8 4.1. 2~3. 2). 3). 30 1990 3.06% 1.68%. 1970 5.1% 1980. 4) 1950 2% 1960 1970 2.5% 1 1.6%.( 5-4 ). 5) 1920 30 50 4% < 5-2>.( 5-4.).. 6) 5-5 55.

. 5-6. 5-5 5-4 5-5 (1989)

5-6 ( : 1989 ). < 5-3> 1980 3.4 1989 4.7. 32.4 34.4 1980 1985 4.0, 1989 4.2. 7), 9 1.3 0.5 0.8. 1961 1985 24 1.9 8).. < 5-3>

., 70%.( 5-4 ) < 5-5>. 5 68.4% 62.6% 5. < 5-4> (1989) < 5-5> (1989)

< 5-6>.. 500 50~54 12.8. 100~999 50~54 20.2.. < 5-6> ( : 1989) < 5-7>

< 5-8> < 5-9> 50~54 25 ( 22 ). 500 6.2%(12.8%) 100~999 70.1%.( 5-7 ). < 5-8> < 5-9>.

.\ 1) < 5-5>. 2) (1989),53. 3) (1989),71. 4) 10. 5) 30. 6) Mincer-Higuchi(1987) 7) < 5-1> < 5-2>. < 5-1>, < 5-2>. 8) (1989), 115 3.. 1979 25~29 0~4 10 1989 35~39, 10~14. < 5-10> 1979 25~29 0~4 10 30.4%, 1960, 10 42.6%, 1975 58.4%. 1960 1980. < 5-11> 0 1 1. 1988 1 77.5% 1989 1 87.3%., 22.5% 1 1 12.7%. < 5-10> 10 ( )

< 5-11> 1 6~14%. 1.. (eventual tenure). 1) 35~39 10 : 45~49 10~14 + 45~49 10~14 + 35~39 10. 2) < 5-12>. 3) 10 0.497 5~9 0.152, 5 0.343 4) 10.1. < 5-3~5-4>

7.4 4.7. < 5-12> ( : 1989 ) 22.4, 25, 13.9 5).. 20~24 1 0.417 5 0.417 5=2.09. 6) < 5-13>. 18 54 6.56 3.61. 7) < 5-14> 18 54 6.60, 3.51, 30 54 2.14 1.19. < 5-13> ( : 1989) < 5-14> ( : 1989)

30 54 1,35 0.38., 30 62% 54. 1) Hall(1982) 2) 1 (synthetic cohort analysis) (cohort). 3) < 5-3> < 5-4>. 4) 1. 5), 1985. 6) Hall(1982) 7) 18 54. 1. 4..,.

< 5-15> - -6,,,. 4,, 6.2%, 14.9%, 10.3%. 40%, 75%. 1),...,. 4 10~99 8.9%, 100~499 15.2%, 500 26.6% ( 5-16 ). < 5-15> ( 1989) ( :,%) :, 10%, 1989 < 5-16> ( : 1989)

(, %) :,, 10%, 1989 < 5-17>. 61.3%. 35.4%... < 5-18>.. 1,000 7.1%. 0 1 1.6% 0.8% 1. 2) ( 5-19 ) < 5-17> ( : 1989) ( : %) :,,10%, 1989 < 5-18> ( ) ( : %)

:,, 10%, 1989. (1989), 128 < 5-19> 1 ( ) ( : %) :,10%, 1989 (1989), 131 1990 (a categorical variable). < 5-20>. 63.9% 32.8%. < 5-17>. 1990,, < 5-20> ( : 1990) ( : %) : 468,241.. :,, 15%, 1990 < 5-21>., ( ). < 5-18>. < 5-21>

( : %) :,, 15%, 1990 1) (1989), 147 2) 0.9%. (1989), 130 5.,,...,.., 500.,..,

., 1979 25~29 0~4 10 3 1989 1975 10 6 1985., 77.5% 1 1 87.3%. 6~14%..,,,.,,., 10.1, 4.7, 7.4 25, 13.9, 22.4.,..,.,,..,.,,.. 1). (firm=-specific) (network-spcific: Aoki, 1990) (turnover rate) 2).., (general within industry), (industry-specific).. 3), 1987 6 29.. 6 29, 6 29. 2.. 1 (efficient turnover). 4) (externality)

..,.,,,,,,. < 5-1> ( : ) ( :, ) : 1980. :, 1989 < 5-2> ( : ) ( : ) : 1980. :, 1989 < 5-3> ( : 1989)

( : %) :, 1989 < 5-4> ( : 1989) ( : %) :, 1989 1).. 2) 3 3) (1991) 4) Mclaughlin(1991)

6 A 1 1., PC A 5,000. 2,4,(3),6 3,2,1,.( 6-1 ). 4 2. 3, 2.. 2 4 2, 4 6 3.,,. 1) < 6-1>., 3 2) 6-1, 1 2 3 2, 1 2

3. M 3, 1 M 2 3, M 1 5. 4, < 6-1>

:., 1 3 4 2, 2 3 3, 1,, 3. 6, 5~6, 4, 3. < 6-2> 60% 6. 1987 6 29.,.. 6 2,4 < 6-2> ( :, %) 2 1 6~7.,, (leadership). 10. 3 2 1..

3.. ( ). 3).,, < 6-3>. 2. A,,,,,, TPC,,. 4). < 6-3>

2.. 6 62 60 3.2% 3

28 26 2.4%. 5) 3.,. 1 2 2.5% 2.0%, 4 5 6, 4 3.2% 2.8% 3 1.4%.,.,,,. 2 1~2. 50%. 6). 7).. A A 70 10, 80. 1987 6 29. 1988. 8).. 3. 3 1 2. 2~2.5. 1 1. 3.5~4.. 3 ~1. 3~5.. 1 10.. (IQC) (OQC). 3 (spec; ). 1 3.. 1. 2.,. 3 1 3 2~3.... (preventive maintenance)

. 3. 3. 5 1. 3... 1 3. 1~5, 3. 3 1~3..,,. 9).,. 3..,. 4~5. 10).. 11) 5.. 12) 2~5% 3~6% ( 6-4 ).,. 70.3% 5 90.8% 4. 13).. 3.. < 6-4>

.... 1) 1990 6 3, 4 3. 2). 3) ( ). 4) *( + ). 5) 4 5. 6) 6 6 7 100. 7) < 6-4>. 8) 60% NC,. 9) 2. 10).. 11) 5. 12) = /. 10%. 13). 2 1.

6-2. 30 4.... 3. ( )- - -. 1)..... 6-2 ( )

. -.. 1:1. 30 ~1., (feed back)....

... (interaction) (teamwork).. A, 1 6. 6-3. < 6-5>..,. 4~5.. 6-3 ( ) (rotation),.....

2.,. 1991. 2).. < 6-5> ( 6-2 )... < 6-6> ( 6-3 )...< 6-5> < 6-6>. (optimal seniority structure). 30% 45 4 5 5 6 3/1., 20, 22, 24... < 6-5> ( )

< 6-6> ( )

3.... 5..... 4.. (PM ).. PM. 3)., PM...

5.. 3~6. 3~6. 6...... 4)... < 6-1>

1) (casing). 2) < 6-1>. 3). 4) 1990 1 7. 7 B 1 1.

B 2 94.3%.. 1) (1,2,3 ). 1 6. 1988 1989. 1, 2, 3.... 1990.. 2),,,,. 3), (, ). 1987 6 29,.. < 7-1> 1,. < 7-1> B 4) 7.2%, 1.2%, 0.1%. 10 36.1. 5). clean best 6)..,..,,,, 1,. (T/O) 7). 1989 6 29 B A. 8)

..., (incentive). 2. B,,. TQC,,,, ( ),,,,. 600%.. ( 48 ).. 3 1 2.., 5~6, 1.,. 7-1 - (tenure-wage profile).. 7-1 - ( : ). ( 733,500, 531, 375 ) 20%... 15%, 5%. 10%. 95%,

100% 5% 10% 15%. 1991 6,,,.. 1991 7,... 9). (teamwork) (monitoring problem)....., (individual monitoring problem), 10) (group interaction). 1). 2). 3). 4). 5) 2. 6),,,,. 7) 2 8) 6 1 9) 2 2 10) 2 10 2 1.

B 5 17 3. 1 2,,. 1991 7 1 676 82% 553, 18% 122 ( 7-2 ) 7-2 1 3 2 3 25 397 15.9. 9 130 14.4. 15.5, 40 1 16.7. 6 5. 3~4 1~2 (trouble shooting). 3~5. 3~4 5~11. 2. 7-3. 14 10) 2 10 7-2

< 7-2>

7-3 ( )

1. 2. 14..,.,,. < 7-3>

-..... 50%...,.. (rotation)..,. 6 2...,. 7-4. 2...... 2 2.. 1

. 3. B 1981. 1 30%. (OJT). (top down) 7-4 ( ). 1989...... B OJT 1) OJT. < 7-4> ( 7-3.). 4 90%.,. 1989 1... 1990

. 1.. < 7-5> ( 7-4.).. < 7-4>. 1.,,.. 2. 1...... < 7-4> ( ).,..,

(tuition) < 7-5> ( ) (teaching reward). 2) (moral hazard). 4.. 5... 7,. 5..... 60% 30 30 ~2 35% 5% 2. 30

. 6. 1991 1 20 8,000 0.2%. 1 32 1,000 1 11 7,000. < 7-6>... 3 4 40 4.. < 7-6>

< 7-1> O.J.T 1) < 7-1>. 2) 2 3 (1990), (simulation) Park(1987).

8 C 1 1.,, C 800. C < 8-1>.. 6 4. T/O,. 6 5 3, 7, 10 QC. 5 5 2. 5 4 4 QC2. 4 4 2 QC2. 4 3 2,,. 3 2 4. 2 1 < 8-1> C

3. 1 1 2., 5 4... < 8-2>. 5 6 ( ) 14.0%. 100 2~3. 10. < 8-2> 2.,,. + +,... 6 5,.. 4. 1 8, 20.. 2 2. C. 1,. A,B,C,D,E 5 10%, 20%, 40%, 20%, 10%. C.. 7 3 4., E D 1, C 2, B 3, A 4... 6 5 4 5. 8 ~9. 4 10.

2 1. 8-1 1. 13 5...... -.. 8-1 U.,, (tapping machine) U, 8-1 ( )

,, (lathe) U. 1) 70.. U. 2). U.,.,.

U.. U. U. (lifter). 3). 8-2. ( 8-3 ). 3.. 2. 2 3.,,. 1986 3 10%. (industry-specific). 3~4.. < 8-3> ( 8-1.).. < 8-4> ( 8-2.). 8-2 ( )

< 8-3> ( )

. 4 3~4. 10 2. 3. 8-3

< 8-4> ( )

.. 5........

(pool).,.. 4.. ( PM )....... (QC).. 5.,, 2.. QC QC 60, QC 2 3. 30% 70% 4,000.,. 1975 1983. 1 2.,, 5. 1) (milling cutter).... (,1988) 2) (1991), 27 3).

9 1 1991 12. 1) 185 1,354.. 1. 1990 2,575 505 19.6% 34,750 1.3%. 623 7,300 317 6,400. 72.0% ( 9-1 ). (28.6%) (26.0%) ( 9-2 ).,.. 95 ' ' ' ' 51 (53.7%) 29 (30.5%) ' < 9-1> < 9-2 >

' ' ' 5 (5.3%) 1 (1.1%).. 56.2%, 36.6% 7.2%. 2) ' ' 22.5% ' ' ' ' 41.6% 35.9%. 3) 1991 0.479% 1996 1% 118 89 (75.4%) 85 (72.0%) 21 (17.8%). 4) 2... 1,352 672 (49.7%) ' ', 579 (42.8%) ' ' ' ' 101 (7.5%). 1,350 636 (47.1%) ' ' ' ' 67 (5.0%) ' '. < 9-3>, (, ),. 52~57% 35~40%, 7~9%.. 66.8%, 299 19.0%, 300 9.8%, 4.3%. 9-1 (1981) ( ). 85%.

79.1% < 9-3> 9-1, 11.5% 9.3%. 3 40% 13.7% 47 (185 25.4%). 3 ( 9-4 9-2 ). 3.< 9-5> 31.7% 3,. 9-2 3

< 9-4> 3 3. 3 60.6% 11.6%., ( 9-6 ). < 9-5> 3 < 9-6>

.< 9-7>. 32.4%. 47 (183 ) 49.7%. ( 9-8 ).. < 9-9> 39.6% < 9-7> < 9-8> < 9-9>

... < 9-10> 63.1%, 34.6%. 52.3% 32.8% 38.0% 50.0%.... < 9-11> 10% < 9-10> < 9-1>

62.3%. 5).. 3.. < 9-12>. < 9-13>. 23.2% ' ', 42,4% ' ' 34.4% ' '. < 9-12> < 9-13>

... < 9-14> 9.9% 50.0% ' '.. < 9-15> < 9-14> < 9-15>

. 4... < 9-16>. 41.0% 2.7%. 47.0% 9.3% < 9-16>. 99 500 100~499.. 9-3 (1981).. 6) < 9-17> 57.4% 5, 21.9%, 20.8%.. < 9-18>.

. 7) 9-3 < 9-17> 9-4

< 9-18> 9-4, 99... < 9-19>

< 9-19> 5.. 9-5.. < 9-20>. ' ' ' ' 30.1% 24.6%, ' ' 23.3%. 9-6,.. 57.2% ' ' 7.8% ' ' 16.6% ' '. 15.6% 3.3%. 9-7.. 9-5

< 9-20> 9-6

9-7 9-8

< 9-21>. ( 9-16 9-21.) 9-8 < 9-22>

.. < 9-22> 79.1% 65.3%.. 19.6%. - -,.< 9-23> -,. < 9-24> < 9-20>. 9-9, < 9-23> - < 9-24>

.. 54.7% 3.3% 17.7%. 21.0% 3.35. 9-9 ( ) 9-10 9-11

... 100. 8) 9-10 ( ) 5.. 28.8% 65.2%. 6.0%.. 9) 21.1% 53.5%. 9-11 ( )

1.6% 23.8%. -. 16.8% - 48.4% -. 34.8%. < 9-25> < 9-26>,, -.. 7.1% 8.2%. 20.9% 26.9%. < 9-25>,

< 9-26> -. ( 9-27 ) ( 9-28). < 9-27> < 9-28>

1) (1992). 2) 1,348. 3) 1,320. 4) (1992.9.6) 70. 5)... 6) 9-3. (1982). 133 7) 9 2. 8) (1981) 1978 384 (,, ) 1991. (1982) 1981 1,432.( 9-1~5 ). 9) Koike(1988,130 ),.

6... 1.( 9-29 ) < 9-30>. 35.1% 1, 3 83.8%. < 9-29> < 9-30>.. 0.69, 1.54. 1)... < 9-31> (, ),,. < 9-32>. < 9-31> < 9-31>

< 9-31>

< 9-32>

< 9-31>

..,,,,..,..,.(NG11)., (NG5), (NG61~63),.(NG71~73). (DS2, DS3)., (DI12, DI13). 2

., (ND3), (NN71), (NN73), - (NN74).. (ND4).. 2. 7... Koike(1986, 156 ) (discretion-ary rights). Koike(1998, 143~146 ) (semi-autonomous work groups).. < 9-33>..,. 4. < 9-34>... < 9-33>

< 9-34> < 9-35>... 4,. < 9-35> 8.

,,,. 182 155(85.2%) 3 (1.6%) 7 (3.8%). 3 7 6.. (attitude) ( 9-36 ). < 9-36> 1). 2 1... < 9-37> 55.3%

, 29.7% 7.5%, 7.5%., < 9-37>,,,. < 9-38>,, (probit). 1, 0. 1), (YE81) (YE91), (EB103).,.,.,. (DA33) (DA32), (DA35) (DA34)...(A1)., < 9-38>

< 9-38 > Dep: ND4

< 9-38>

.(DS2, DS3) 2).. (all-around machinists) ( 9-39 9-40.) 3)..., (DI2, DI3).., (unit production).(ng61~63). (NG71~73).... (5)~(8) < 9-39>

< 9-40> (NG11). (1)~(4) (5)~(8),..,,,,,.., (ND52).. (interaction) (ND22).. (ND71)..., (ND72).

(NN71), (NN73).. (ND22).,.,, (NN721).,,.....< 9-41>. 89.2%, 10.8%. < 9-42> 64.7% < 9-41> ( ) < 9-42> - ( )

.,, 89.7%, 66.7%, 62.6%.. 4. 2., 4) < 9-43>,,.,,,,,., 99, 500 100~499 (DS2, DS3).. 5) (NG5).. (NG8)... (NC41). 1.2% (DA32, DA33). (1984) 3 1 < 9-43>

< 9-43 >

< 9-43 >

179. 1983 1991 9 (52.7%) 273.. 71,290 (424,347 1.2% 14). 2.7%. 1 (6 ) 104. 6) 1.6% 10.1%. 7),, (C21). (institutional training). 8). (ND52).. (N41). 5 (N42).. N42 N41. N41 (shirking)., (N51).., (ND21).,. (NN721). (NN71). - 9) (NN74).

. (NN73).. 3..... < 9-44> < 9-44>.. < 9-45>.... < 9-46>.. < 9-47>... < 9-48> < 9-45>

< 9-46> < 9-47> < 9-48>

.. < 9-49>, < 9-44>. < 9-45>.. 17.1% 15.6%.. < 9-49> < 9-1> ( )

< 9-2> ( ) < 9-3> ( )

< 9-4> ( ) < 9-5> ( )

1) 0. 2) 3. 3. 3) Keefe(1991) (skill). 4) 3~4. 5) 4. 6). 7) 104 1.6%( 95,054 ). 8). (unobserved beterogeneity). 9) - (shirking), -. -.

10 1.,, 2.,,. 1... (line system)..............,,..,. 3..,...

.,. Park(1987) 2. (tuition) (teachingre ward).............. 4.. 1),,............,. 2). 3) (shirking)

. (monitoring)... 1987 6 29.. (leadership).. Becker(1981). 4), (altruistic head). Becker Rotten Kid Theorem 5)....,..... 6)...,.,...,. 5.....,. 1950.. 99.

... 6.. -. -... -. 7.,....,,..,..,. 15~24 35.( 10-1 ). 1970 39.3% 1991 44.7% 2000 50.2%.., 1975 1990 ( 10-2 )..,. 7).,. 1980 3 1987 6 29.. 500 1.31%,. (career development). 1980,, (additional workers). < 10-1>

< 10-2>.,.,.,. (, ).

,.,.,...,.,.,., (externality)... 20.,,... 3~4..,, (matching fund).. 8)..,,.,.,.,,..,..

. 9) 8... Koike(1988, 156 ) (discretionary rights). Koike(1988, 143~146 ) (semi-autonomouse work groups).... 9..,.. 10.,,,,,.,. 1),. 2) (1992, 59 ). 3). 4) U =U(Z,U 1 (Z 1 ), U 2 (Z 2 ), ). 5) Becker(1981) 6),. 7) (1992), 30

8) (1992). 9) (1992).

1 ( )

2 ( ) I.