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1 ,. H ,,.,,.,,.,. (Corresponding Author): / / 220 Tel: / @hycu.ac.kr

2 ,,,, (Agishtein & Brumbaugh, 2013). (Mallinckrodt, 2000, 2001).,, (Mallinckrodt, 2000). (Rothbaum, 2000), (van IJzendoorn & Sagi - Schwartz, 2008)., (Friedman et al., 2010; Agishtein & Brumbaugh, 2013; Frias, Shaver, & Dias-Loving, 2014).,,,., (Triandis, 2001).,.,. Bowlby(1973, 1980, 1988). (Fraley, 2002).,,. Hazan Shaver (1987),,,,.,.. Hazan Shaver(1987),

3 ,. (Schachner, Shaver, & Mikulincer, 2005).. (Magai et al., 2000),, (Fraley, Davis, & Shaver, 1998).,., (Schachner, Shaver, & Mikulincer, 2005), (Magai et al., 2000)., (Fraley, Davis, & Shaver, 1998). (Cassidy, Jones, & Shaver, 2013),,,,,, (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2001; Mikulincer et al., 2005a; Mikulincer et al., 2005b; Mikulincer & Shaver, 2003, 2007)., (Jones, Cassidy, & Shaver, 2015), (Shaver & Hazen, 1989), (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2001).,,., (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991),, (Wei et al., 2005). Mallinckrodt Wei(2005),,. (Spitzberg & Cupach, 1989);,, 2010) (interpersonal competence). (, 2013;,, 2014) (,, 2007;,,, 2015;, 2016)., (Friedman et al., 2010;

4 Agishtein & Brumbaugh, 2013; Frias, Shaver, & Dias-Loving, 2014).,.. (, 1996).. (, 1996),. Hofstede(2001), Triandis(1995),,,,,. (2008), 10 30, (2015), (2014),. (,, 2013;, 2014),.,,,,, (Marku & Kitayma, 1991; Gelfand, Triandis, & Chan, 1996).,,,, (, 1996)..,, (, 1997, 2003).,, (, 1996). (, 1996)..,

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6 ..,. Friedman, Rohles, Simpson, Bond, Diaz-loving, Chan(2010),,,, (Rohles, Paetzold, & Friedmant, 2008).,,, (Magai et al., 2000).,.. -, (Diener & Diener, 1995; Kwan, Bond, & Singelis, 1997). Friedman (2010),,.., ? H,, 594, (71.2%), 167 (28.1%), 37,,,

7 ,, (29.3%), (26.4%), (30.8%), (12.3%), 60 6 (1.5%). 4.30, 4.69.,. ECR-R(Fraley, Waller, & Brennan, 2000) (2004) (ECR-Revised: ECR-R). Brennan, Clark Shaver(1998) (Experiences Close Relationship Scale: ECRS). Fraley, Waller Brennan(2000) ECR-R. ECR-R 2., Likert 7 1 ( ) 7 ( ). 18~ (, 2004). ECR-R , (Fraley & Walker, 1998: Lopez & Gormley, 2002). Cronbach's α (2004).89,.85, Cronbach's α.93,.91. Buhrmester, Furman, Wittenberg & Reis(1988) (Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire: ICQ), (1999). 5, (1) -, (2) -, (3) -, (4) -, (5) Likert 5,. (,, 2007;, 2016),, 24. (Buhrmester et al., 1988) ICQ (Cronbach's α) ,.85,.73,.81,

8 .70. Singelis, Triandis, Bhawuk Gelfand(1995) INDCOL (1996) Kim Kim(1997). - -, -, -, -. (,, 1998;,, 2001; Triandis, 1995) Likert 9, (1996) Kim & Kim(1997) (Cronbach's α) - =.71, - =.81, - =.68, - =.75, - =.63, - =.80, - =.65, - = / /, /. Triandis(1989; Trindis et al., 1988; Triandis et al., 1985) - (,, 1998;,, 2001;,, 2001;, 2001). 134 (22.7%), 111 (18.8%). 64 (26%), 182 (74%), SPSS 23.0,.,. (centering),.,, ( 1). (r=-.359, p<.001), (r=-.622, p<.001). (r=.212, p<.01),. (r=-.199, p<.01), (r=-.398, p<.001), (r=.312, p<.001).,

9 *** ***.622 *** ***.511 ***.839 *** ***.600 ***.808 ***.494 *** ***.374 ***.749 ***.409 ***.486 *** *** **.398 ***.212 **.193 **.225 *** *** *.05, **.01, *** ,, 2. (centering)(aiken & West, 1991). 1 (: β=-.331, p<.001; : β =.149, p<.05). 2 (β=-.306, p<.001)( 2). ( : β=-.246, p<.001), (β=-.220, p<.001). (: β =-.285, p<.001), (β=-.349, p<.001). (: β=-.273, p<.001), (β =-.186, p<.01).

10 β R 2 (adj R 2 ) R 2 F 1 2 *.05, **.01, *** ***.149 *.150 (.143) *** * (.234) *** *** ***. 1,, 2. (centering)(aiken & West, 1991). 1 ( : β=-.638, p<.001). 2 (β =-.174, p<.01). (: β=-.407, p<.001), (β=-.281, p<.001). ( : β=-.607, p<.001), (β=-.137, p<.001)( 3). (Aiken & West, 1991)., β R 2 (adj R 2 ) R 2 F 1 2 *.05, **.01, *** *** (.383) *** (.410) ** *** ***

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12 ..,,,,,,,.,..,.. Agishtein (2013),.. (Frias, Shaver, & Dias-Loving, 2014). -,,, (2014).,..,..,,,...,.

13 .,, (Gudykunst et al., 1992;, 1996).,., (,, 2007;,, 2014;,,, 2015).,. (,, 2007;,, 2014;,,, 2015;, 2016),,,.,.,, (Fraley, Davis, & Shaver, 1998). (Magai et al., 2000).,,...,.,.,..,.

14 ,,,.,. (Diener & Diener, 1995; Kwan, Bond, & Singelis, 1997),,..,,..,.,.,,..,... (1996).

15 ,. (2004).,. (2014). :. (11), , (1999).. (1), ,, (2012). :. (2), (2008).. (1), , (2015) (2), (2016).,. (2003).,. (2006).,., (2014). -., , (2006).,,. (1), , (2014). (, ) :. (2), ,, (2015). -,, -. (2), , (2007).. (3), , (2014).. (2), , (2010).,. (1), (1996).. (1), (1997). :. (2), (2001) (2003).. (2), , (1998).. (1), , (2001).. (1), , (2001).. (2),

16 , (2010).. (1), (2014).. (3), , (2013) (6), , (2013).. (1), Agishtein, P., & Brumbaugh, C. (2013). Cultural variation in adult attachment: the impact of ethnicity, collectivism, and country of origin. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, 7(4), Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park: Sage. Bartholomew, K., & Hotowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Attachment, New York: Basic books. Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3, Loss, Sadness and depression. New York: Basic books. Bowlby, J. (1988). A Secure Base Parent-Child Attachment and Healthy Human Development. New York: Basic books. Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In, J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes(Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp ). New York: Guildford Press. Buhrmester, D., Furman, W., Wittenberg, M. T., & Reis, H. T. (1988). Five domains of interpersonal competence in peer relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, Cassidy, J., Jones, J. D., & Shaver, P. R. (2013). Contributions of attachment theory and research: A framework for future research, translation, and policy. Development and Psychopathology, 25, Diener, E., & Diener, M. (1995). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Journal of Social Psychology, 68, Fraley, R. (2002). Attachment stability from infancy to adulthood: Meta-analysis and dynamic modeling of development mechanisms. Personality and social Psychology Review, 6, Fraley, R. C., Davis, K. E., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Dismissing - avoidance and the defensive organization of emotion, cognition, and behavior. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp ). New York: Guildford Press. Fraley, R. C., Waller, N. G., & Brennan, K. A. (2000). An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, Friedman, M., Rholes W. S., Simpson J., Bond, M., Diaz-Loving, R., & Chan, C. (2010)., Attachment avoidance and the cultural fit hypothesis: A cross-cultural investigation. Personal Relationships, 17, Frias, M. T., Shaver, P. R., & Diaz-Loving, R. (2014). Individualism and collectivism as moderators of the association between attachment insecurities, coping, and social support. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 31(1), 3-31.

17 Gelfand, M. J., Triandis, H. C., & Chan, D. K-S. (1996). Individualism versus collectivism or versus authoritarianism? European Journal of Social Psychology, 26, Gudikunst, W. B., Gao, G., Nishida, T., Nadamitsu, Y., & Sakai, J. (1992). Self-monitoring in Japan and the United States. In S. Iwawald, Y. Kashima, & K. Leung (Eds.), Innovations in crosscultural psychology (pp ). Amsterdam/Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger. Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's consequences : Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. United States: Sage Publications, Inc. Jones, J., Cassidy, J., Shaver, P. (2015). Parents' self-reported attachment styles: A review of links with parenting behaviors, emotions, and cognitions. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19(1), Kim, K., & Kim, U. (1997). Conflict, ingroup and outgroup distinction and mediation: Comparison of Korean and American students. In K. Leung, U. Kim, S. Yamaguchi, & Y. Kashima (Eds), Progress in Asian social Psychology (Vol 1, pp ). Singapore: Wiley. Kitayama, S., & Markus, H. R. (1994). Emotion and culture : Empirical investigations of mutural influence. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association. Kwan, V. S. Y., Bond, M. H., & Singelis, T. M. (1997). Pancultural explanations for lifesatisfaction: Adding relationship harmony to self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, Magai, C., Hunziker, J., Mesias, W., & Culver, L. C. (2000). Adult attachment styles and emotional biases. International Journal of Behavior Development, 24(3), Mallincrodt, B. (2000). Attachment, social competencies, social support and interpersonal process in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 10, Mallincrodt, B. (2001). Interpersonal processes, attachment, and development of social competencies in individual and group psychotherapy. In B. Sarason & S. Duck (Eds.), Personal relationships: Implications for clinical and community psychology (pp ). New York: Wiley. Mallincrodt. B., & Wei, M. (2005). Attachment, social Competencies, social support, and psychological distress. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(3), Markus, H., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2001). Attachment theory and intergroup bias: Evidence that priming the secure base schema attenuates negative reactions to out-groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2005). Attachment security, compassion, and altruism. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change. New York: guild Press. Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., & Gillath, O., & Nitzberg, R. A. (2005a). Attachment security, compassion, and altruism: Boosting attachment

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19 The Moderating Effects of Collectivism Self-Orientation in the Relationships between Attachment Insecurities and Interpersonal Relationships Hanyang Cyber University This study aimed to examine the moderating effect of cultural self-orientation(collectivism) in the relationship of anxious attachment and interpersonal relationships, and to investigate the potential moderating effects of collectivism in the relationship of avoidant attachment and interpersonal relationships. Data about insecure adult attachment, culture self-orientation, and interpersonal relationships were collected through online survey from 245 adult average age 37.7 who attended H cyber university in Seoul, South Korea. To test moderation effects, multiple regression analyses hierarchically entering anxious attachment and avoidant attachment, collectivism, and their interaction terms were conducted. Moderation of collectivism was found both in the relationship between anxious attachment and collectivism, and in the relationship between avoidant attachment and collectivism. Specific interaction patterns in each of these significant interaction effects were examined by simple slope analyses and clinical implications of the research findings were discussed. Key words : anxious attachment, avoidant attachment, interpersonal relationships, collectivism

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