4 3 Asia n Journa l of Ed uc a tion 2003, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 25-41. (Korean Gender Role Conflict Scale: K- GRCS) ( ) * ( ) * * ( ) * * *1 ) O Neil (1986) (GRCS) (K-GRCS). 156 K-GRCS, (, 1988), (,,, 1989) 168 K-GRCS. K-GRCS 3 O Neil (1986) GRCS 4.. K-GRCS. K-GRCS, O Neil (1986) 4. :,, I. * ** ***
2 6 4 3 (Good et al., 1995; O Neil. 1981; O Neil et al., 1986).,,.,, - -, -. (Basow, 1992).. (O Neil, 1987). (O Neil, 1981; Pleck, 1981; Sharpe, Heppner, & Dixon, 1995). O Neil (1986) (Gender Role Conflict Scale; GRCS),. (Arrindell et al., 1997; Lubinski, Tellegen, & Butcher, 1981, 1983; Whitley, 1984). Bem Sex Role Inventory(BSRI; Bem, 1974) Personal Attributes Questionnaire(PAQ; Spence, Helmreich & Stapp, 1975),. BSRI PAQ (Spence, 1984, 1991; Spence & Helmreich, 1978). Bem(1981, 1984), Frable(1989) BSRI PAQ (instrumentality). (Deaux, Kite, & Lewis, 1985; Spence, 1984, 1993; Spence & Buckner, 1995; Thompson, Pleck, & Ferrera, 1992). (Sharpe, Heppner, & Dixon, 1995). BSRI PAQ, BSRI PAQ
(Ko re a n G e nd e r Ro le C o nflic t Sc a le : K- G RCS) 2 7. GRCS, BSRI PAQ, (Good et al., 1995; O Neil, Good, & Holmes, 1995; Thompson, Pleck, & Ferrera, 1992). O Neil(1981, 1987).,,..,,,,, (O Neil, 1981, 1987; O Neil et al., 1986). GRCS (O Neil et al., 1986) 85 527 5. 3.5, 1.0.30 37. 37, 6 4. 4 (success, power, competition; SPC), (restrictive emotionality; RE), (restrictive affectionate behavior between men; RABBM), (conflicts between work and family relation; CBWF)..74 4.72 (Good et al., 1995; O Neil et al., 1986). (O Neil, 2002)., GRCS (Good et al., 1995; Thompson, Pleck, & Ferrera, 1992). GRCS. (1995) (1989),. GRCS. Jo(2000)
2 8 4 3. Jo(2000) GRCS O Neil (1986). Jo O Neil. Jo(2000). Jo. (1999) 2 59.3%., 15 19 55% 1995 (, Jaffe, 1998),. GRCS. Jo(2000) O Neil(1986) GRCS.., GRCS GRCS. GRCS,. GRCS (1988),, (1989). GRCS. II. 1. 156 168. GRCS,,
(Ko re a n G e nd e r Ro le C o nflic t Sc a le : K- G RCS) 29 ' GRCS. 18 36 18 29 1 4. 2. 1) (Gender Role Conflict Scale; GRCS) O Neil (1986) 37 (success, power, competition; SPC), (restrictive emotionality; RE), (restrictive affectionate behavior between men; RABBM), (conflicts between work and family relation; CBWF) 4. Likert 6..88-.90 (Good et al., 1995). GRCS. GRCS GRCS GRCS GRCS. 2) (Korean Sex Role Inventory; KSRI) (1988) KSRI Likert 7 40. 186 15, 15 10. -.14., KSRI.,,.86,.76,.69. (1999) KSRI.85.75. 3)
3 0 4 3,, (1989). 167. t-test.. 40. Likert 7.93. III. 1. (K-GRCS) SPSSWIN 10. Eigenvalue Scree Plot 3. 3 32.13%. 3 Varimax K-GRCS < 1>. O'Neil, Helms, Gable, David Wrightsman(1986) GRCS (success, power, competition, SPC). 16 O Neil (1986) (restricted emotionality, RE) 10 (restrictive affectionate behavior between men, RABBM). O Neil (1986) (conflicts between work and family, CBWF). ( 7, 16) O Neil (1986) RABBM. K-GRCS O Neil (1986) SPC CBWF O Neil (1986) RE RABBM. (SPC), (RE & RABBM),
(Ko re a n G e nd e r Ro le C o nflic t Sc a le : K- G RCS) 3 1 (CBWF). Jo(2000). K-GRCS 3 Jo(2000) GRCS O Neil (1986) 4. Jo(2000) SPC 11 O Neil(1986) CBWF < 1> 1 2 3 24 0.77 0.06-0.06 1 0.73 0.01-0.14 37 0.68 0.06 0.24 23 0.68 0.05 0.02 34 0.60 0.03 0.00 8 0.58 0.07 0.14 5 0.52-0.12-0.08 18 0.50 0.18 0.24 32 0.48 0.13 0.31 14 0.47 0.39 0.00 12 0.45 0.09 0.14 21 0.33 0.03 0.20 28 0.32 0.11 0.29 30 0.04 0.65 0.06 29 0.07 0.64 0.04 15 0.04 0.61 0.28 19 0.01 0.59 0.08 22 0.11 0.58-0.07 13 0.10 0.54 0.04 2-0.02 0.52 0.06 9 0.35 0.50 0.06 10 0.17 0.48 0.11 25-0.03 0.45-0.05 26 0.09 0.44 0.04 3 0.07 0.43 0.25 20-0.07 0.42 0.25 6 0.02 0.36 0.09 33-0.01 0.31 0.14 35 0.06 0.18-0.04 27 0.19 0.04 0.74 11 0.01-0.01 0.64 17 0.11 0.19 0.62 31 0.30 0.08 0.60 36 0.35 0.14 0.41 4 0.26 0.20 0.37 16-0.07 0.14 0.29 7 0.21 0.15-0.28
3 2 4 3. Jo(2000) CBWF, O Neil(1986) RE 6, 9, 10, 25 RE & RABBM. Jo(2000) RABBM 7, 16 CBWF. K-GRCS (Cronbach s alpha).85..83,.80,.60. (CBWF) O Neil (1986) RABBM.72. CBWF 7 16.30 7.. 35 (, ) RE & RABBM.179.30. 2.. (t- ) < 2>. 12, 13, 15, 30, 32, 35. : 12.. 13.. 15.. 30.. 32.. 35. (, ). ( ) (, ). ( ).
(Ko re a n G e nd e r Ro le C o nflic t Sc a le : K- G RCS) 3 3 < 2> 1 155 4.62 1.19 167 4.69 0.95-0.63 0.53 2 155 3.31 1.37 166 3.17 1.37 0.88 0.38 3 153 2.72 1.50 167 2.72 1.37 0.04 0.97 *4 155 3.70 1.48 167 3.26 1.33 2.80 0.01 5 155 4.31 1.40 167 4.38 1.18-0.47 0.64 6 155 2.75 1.35 167 3.02 1.43-1.69 0.09 7 154 1.71 1.28 167 1.98 1.25-1.90 0.06 8 155 4.07 1.23 167 4.12 1.19-0.36 0.72 9 155 3.01 1.47 167 3.10 1.40-0.56 0.58 10 151 2.67 1.53 166 2.64 1.34 0.19 0.85 11 155 4.08 1.41 167 4.25 1.28-1.12 0.26 **12 155 3.35 1.38 167 3.67 1.20-2.24 0.03 **13 153 2.88 1.51 150 3.37 1.40-2.93 0.00 14 155 4.29 1.34 167 4.30 1.36-0.06 0.95 **15 154 2.90 1.42 166 3.02 1.31-0.76 0.45 *16 153 4.18 1.67 167 2.86 1.47 7.51 0.00 17 155 3.50 1.34 167 3.29 1.31 1.42 0.16 18 155 4.01 1.35 167 4.07 1.26-0.41 0.68 19 155 3.62 1.38 167 3.57 1.37 0.33 0.74 *20 153 3.41 1.72 167 2.32 1.35 6.32 0.00 *21 155 4.20 1.12 167 3.69 1.22 3.91 0.00 22 155 3.97 1.35 165 4.24 1.33-1.75 0.08 23 155 3.46 1.39 167 3.26 1.32 1.33 0.19 24 155 2.83 1.26 167 2.91 1.37-0.58 0.57 25 155 4.00 1.27 167 4.07 1.13-0.54 0.59 *26 154 2.44 1.37 167 2.06 1.28 2.58 0.01 27 155 3.84 1.34 167 3.65 1.38 1.22 0.22 *28 155 3.77 1.22 167 3.38 1.26 2.83 0.01 29 155 3.43 1.38 167 3.51 1.40-0.58 0.57 **30 147 2.91 1.41 148 3.41 1.37-3.09 0.00 31 155 3.95 1.19 167 3.77 1.29 1.27 0.21 **32 155 4.12 1.23 167 4.46 1.13-2.57 0.01 *33 151 3.40 1.70 166 2.83 1.63 3.06 0.00 34 153 3.96 1.32 167 3.67 1.48 1.85 0.07 **35 153 2.29 1.27 167 1.86 1.09 3.28 0.00 36 155 3.72 1.31 167 3.57 1.34 0.99 0.32 37 155 4.34 1.25 167 4.57 1.14-1.75 0.08 * > p<.05 ** < p<.05 t p
34 4 3 7. 4.. 16.. ( ). ( ) 20.. ( ). ( ) 21.. 26.. ( ). ( ) 28.. 33.. ( ). ( ) 3. K-GRCS K-GRCS (, 1988),, (,,, 1989). < 3>.K-GRCS, ( =.01) Jo(2000). (,,, 1989), K-GRCS.
(Ko re a n G e nd e r Ro le C o nflic t Sc a le : K- G RCS) 35 < 3>,, 0.05 0.11 0.10 ** p<.01 0.46** 0.12 0.07 IV. K-GRCS 3. O Neil (1986) GRCS 4. K-GRCS (SPC) O Neil (1986) GRCS SPC K-GRCS (CBWF) GRCS CBWF. K-GRCS GRCS SPC CBWF. K-GRCS (RE & RABBM) GRCS RE RABBM.. O'Neil(1981, 1987) RABBM (homophobia). RABBM.. GRCS RABBM. GRCS K-GRCS., K- GRCS, K-GRCS.
3 6 4 3.30. K-GRCS..,., GRCS. K-GRCS. 37 7 K-GRCS. K-GRCS. K-GRCS. K-GRCS. Jo(2000). O'Neil (1986) GRCS, K-GRCS O Neil. K-GRCS (,,, 1989) K-GRCS. K-GRCS..,.. K-GRCS GRCS. 1. GRCS (, 1995; Jo, 2000) K-GRCS., GRCS K-GRCS.
(Ko re a n G e nd e r Ro le C o nflic t Sc a le : K- G RCS) 3 7,. K-GRCS, O Neil (1986) GRCS.. K-GRCS. K-GRCS,.
3 8 4 3 (1989).., 8, 85-98 (1999). /. : (1989)...,, (1989). (I). :, 4, 70-83. (1995). :.. (1999)... Arrindell, W. A., Vergara, A. I., Torres, B., Caballo, V. E., Sanderman, R., Calvo, M. G., Ende, J., Oosterhof, L., Castro, J., Palenzuela, D. L., Zaldivar, F., & Simon, M. A.. (1997). Gender roles in relation to assertiveness and Eysenckian personality dimensions: Replication with a Spanish population sample. Sex Roles, 36, 79-92 Basow, S. A. (1992). Gender stereotypes and roles. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/ Cole Publishing. Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of clinical Psychology, 42, 155-162. Counseling and Bem, S. L. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing. Psychological Review, 4, 345-364. Bem, S. L. (1984). Androgyny and gender schema theory: A conceptual and empirical integration. In T. B. Sonderegger (Ed.), Nebraska symposium of motivation: Gender issues in psychology (Vol.32, pp. 179-226). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Deaux, K., Kite, M. E., & Lewis, L. L. (1985). Clustering and gender schema: An uncertain link. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 11, 387-397. Frable, D. E. S. (1989). Sex typing and gender ideology: Two facets of the individyal's idelolgy that go together. Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 56, 95-108. Good, G. E., Robertson, J. M., O'Neil, J. M., Fitzgerald, L. F., Stevens, M., Debord, K. A., Bartels K. M., Braverman, D. G. (1995). Male gender role conflict: Psychometric issues and
(Ko re a n G e nd e r Ro le C o nflic t Sc a le : K- G RCS) 39 relations to psychological distress. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 3-10. Jaffe, M. L. (1998). A dolescence. NY: John Wiley & Sons. Jo. E. (2000). Gender role conflict in Korean men. Presented in symposium J. M. O'Neil & G. E. Good (Co-Chairs) Gender role conflict in the year 2000: Innovative directions, at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association. Lubinski, D., Tellegen, A., & Butcher, J. N. (1981). The relationship between androgyny and subjective indicators of emotional well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 722-730. Lubinski, D., Tellegen, A., & Butcher, J. N. (1983). Masculinity, femininity, and androgyny viewed and assessed as distinct concepts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 428-439. O'Neil, J. M. (1981). Patterns of gender role conflict and strain: Sexism and fear of femininity in men's lioves. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 60, 203-210. O Neil, J. M. (1987). Male sex role conflicts, sexism, and masculinity: Psycholiogical implications for men, women, and thecounseling psychologist. Conseling Psychologist, 9, 61-80. O'Neil, J. M. (2002). Twenty years of gender-role conflict research: Summary of 130 studies. Presented in symposium J. M. O'Neil & G. E. Good (Co-Chairs), Gender role conflict researches: Empirical studies and 20 year summary, at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association. O Neil, J. M., Good, G. E., & Holmes, S. (1995). Fifteen years of theory and research on men's gender role conflict: New paradigms for empirical research. In R. Levant & W. Pollack (Eds.), The New Psychology of Men. (pp. 163-206). New York: Basic Books. O'Neil, J. M., Helms, B. J., Gable, R. K., David, L., & Wrightsman, L. S. (1986). Gender-role conflict scale: College men's fear of femininity. Sex Roles, 14, 335-350. Pleck, J. (1981). The myth of masculinity. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Spence, J. T. (1984). Gender identity and its implication for the conceptof masculinity and femininity. In T. B. Sonderegger (Ed.), Nebraska symposium of motivation: Gender issues in psychology (Vol.32, pp. 59-95). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Spence, J. T. (1991). Do the BSRI and PAQ measure the same or different concept?. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 15, 141-165. Spence, J. T. (1993). Gender-related traits and gender ideology: Evidence for a multi-factorial theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 624-635.
4 0 4 3 Spence, J. T. & Buckner, C. (1995). Masculinity and femininity: Defining the undefinable. In P. J. Kolbfleisch & M. J. Cody (Eds.), Gender, power, and communication in human relationships (pp. 105-138). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Spence, J. T. & Helmreich, R. L. (1978). Masculinity and femininity: Their psychological dimensions, correlations, & A ntecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press. Spence, J. T., Helmreich, R. L., & Stapp, J. A. (1975). Rating of self and peers on sex-role attributes and their relation to self-esteem and concepts of masculinity and femininity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 29-39. Sharpe, M. J., Heppnner, P. P., & Dixon, W. A. (1995). Gender role conflict, instrumentality, expressiveness, and well-being in adult men. Sex Roles, 33, 1-18. Thompson, E. H., Pleck, J. H., & Ferrera, D. L. (1992). Men and masculinities: Scale for masculinity ideology and masculinity-related construct. Sex Roles, 27, 573-607. Whitley, B. E. (1984). Sex-role orientation and psychological well-being: Two meta-analyses. Sex Roles, 12, 207-225. * 2003 1 10 / 1 2003 1 22 / 2 2003 5 15 * : University of Connecticut,. e-mail: mongsanga@yahoo.com * :,. e-mail: maehyang@hotmail.com * :,. e-mail: greensea@kyci.or.kr
(Ko re a n G e nd e r Ro le C o nflic t Sc a le : K- G RCS) 4 1 Abstra c t The Cultural Validation of Korean Version of GRCS(K-GRCS) Kim, Ji-Hye on* Hwa ng, Ma e -Hya ng ** Ryu, Je ong-yi*** 2) The purpose of this study was to translate Gender Role Conflict Scale(GRCS) and to examine the cultural validity of Korean version of GRCS(K-GRCS). In 1986 O'Neil, Helms, Gable, David, and Wrightsman developed Gender Role Conflict Scale that assesses mes's problems with their gender role socialization. They found the construct of gender role conflict consists of four different factors; Success, Power, and Competition(SPC), Restrictive Emotionality(RE), Restricted and Affectionate Behavior Between Men(RABBM), and Conflict Between Work and Family Relations(CBWFR). These four factors served as factor targents in principal components analyis of K-GRSC obtained from 158 Korean college men. The difference between men and women was examined through 168 female samples. The result suggest three-factor structure fitted better and called the further examination of cultural validity of gender role conflict in the future. The comparison with Korean Sex Role Inventory(K-SRI), and Korean Gender Role Stress Scale for Men prove the gender role conflict is the salient and distinct psychological construct of men. The implications for research and practice are noted. key-word: gender-role-conflict, masculinity, gender-role * Lecturer, Dankook University ** Lecturer, Korea University of Technology and Education *** Assistant Professor, Korea Youth Counseling Institute